Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on basolateral calcium-activated potassium current I_K(Ca)and cAMP-activated potassium current I_K(cAMP)and its mechanism in treatment of secretory diarrhea.Methods The intact colonic crypt cells were isolated with EDTA solution.The effects of berberine(50,100,500?mol/L)on I_K(Ca)and I_K(cAMP)were detected by patch clamp technique under the conventional whole cell patch clamp mode.The solution of PSS was served as control.Results Berberine could significantly inhibite I_K(Ca)and I_K(cAMP)of rat colonic crypt cells(both P

We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor (TIC) vs.clopidogrel (CLO) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).In Jun 2016,a literature search was started and all the studies were conducted from 2010 to 2015.We systematically searched the literature through the MEDLINE database,Cochrane library,and EMBASE database.Quality assessments were evaluated with Jadad quality scale.Data were extracted considering the characteristics of efficacy and safety designs.Six RCTs enrolling 26 244 participants and satisfying the inclusion criteria were finally analyzed.There was a significant decrease of all-cause mortality (MD=0.83,95％CI=0.74-0.93,P=0.001) and myocardial infarction (MI) (MD=0.78,95％CI=0.70~.88,P=0.000).There were no significant differences in stroke (MD=1.34,95％CI=0.99-1.79,P=0.06),total bleeding (MD=0.97,95％CI=0.84-1.12,P=0.66),minor or major bleeding (MD=l.06,95％CI=0.94-1.19,P=0.35) in patients undergoing PCI after treatment with TIC vs.CLO.TIC could be more significant in decreasing all-cause mortality and MI than CLO,but there were no significant differences between TIC and CLO in inhibiting stroke,major bleeding,major or minor bleeding in patients undergoing PCI.

Objective To investigate the developmental feasibility of early human fetal testes (<3 months) using xenografting technique and to acquire an accessible donor derivation that is essential for studying human germ cell development. Methods Nine testes from 10-13 weeks aborted fetus were grafted under the back skin of 6 castrated nude mice. Grafts were collected at different time point according to the growth of the donor tissues and the health condition of the recipients. Morphological and histological analyses were performed for the observation of the development of grafted immature testicular tissues. Results The mass of grafts was increased from about 5-7mg to 84.1mg (the biggest). Six of 9 testes were to be in developing. Histological observations showed a significant expansion of seminiferous tubules from (44.26±3.14)μm to (77.69±7.47)μm. Cells dispersedly distributed in seminiferous cords at the time of grafting migrated towards the basal part of seminiferous epithelium. Some germ cells with spermatogonium-like characteristics located on the basement membrane. Sertoli cells were in stages from immature into matured with abundant cytoplasm which were orderly arranged around spermatogonia forming a niche-like structure. Conclusion Testes from early aborted human fetus grafted under the back skin of castrated nude mice showed further development and therefore could be used as an easier accessible donor tissues for the investigation of human spermatogenetic mechanism.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression profile of interleuki-1β (IL-1β) in rat myocardium at different time points during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)transition.

METHODSThe isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart model was established.Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (A group) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (H/R group). The H/R group rats were subdivided into H/R 0.5 h group(B group), H/R 1 h group(C group), H/R 2 h group(D group)according to reoxygenation time. The left ventricular development pressure(LVDP), maximal rates of increase/decrease of the left ventricular pressure(±dp/dtmax) were continuously recorded. The concentration of interleukin-1β(IL-lβ) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in myocardium was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of IL-lβ in myocardium was determined by RT-PCR. Microstructure of myocardium was observed under light microscopy.

RESULTSThe value of LVDP and ±dp/dtmax in hypoxia/reoxygenation group rat were significantly lower than that in sham group(P < 0.05). The expression of IL-lβ and CK-MB at protein level and the expression of IL-1β at mRNA level in hypoxia /reoxygenation group were higher than that in sham group(P < 0. 05). There were significant differences of the above parameters among H/R 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h group(P <0.05). The concentration of IL-1β and CK-MB, the mRNA expression of IL-1β were higher in H/R 2 h group than that of other groups(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe high expression of IL-Iβ in myocardium after myocardial hypoxia /reoxygenation in rats might lead to. ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic efficacy of dietary boron supplement on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis in rats, so as to provide experimental evidence for clinical management of osteoporosis with boron.

METHODSThirty-two SD rats were randomized into normal control group (8 rats) and osteoporotic group (24 rats), and osteoporosis was induced in rats of the latter group by intragastric retinoic acid administration at the daily dose of 80 mg/kg for 15 consecutive days. The osteoporotic rats were subdivided into control group (8 rats) without treatment, boron treatment group (8 rats) and estradiol treatment group (8 rats). After 30 days of treatment, the serum contents of Ca, P, boron and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the rats were assayed, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, lumbar vertebrae and tibia were determined, and the morphological changes of the femurs were observed.

RESULTSThe serum contents of Ca and P in the rats of the 4 groups differed scarcely, but the content of boron in boron treatment group was markedly higher than that in the other three groups. In the osteoporotic control group, the activities of serum AKP and TRAP, the masses of spongy bone and cortical bone of the femurs, and the quantity of the osteoclasts were increased, with the BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and tibia decreased, suggesting osteoporotic conditions. The mean trabecular plate density and thickness, trabecular bone volume and cortical bone volume of the femurs in the osteoporotic rats treated with boron or estradiol were significantly increased, but the active osteoclast quantity in the spongy bone and serum TRAP activities were obviously decreased, and the bone quality was comparable with that of the normal group. In addition, the serum AKP activity and the active osteoblast quantity in the spongy bone were obviously increased in boron treatment group.

CONCLUSIONThe dietary boron supplement can increase the serum content of boron of osteoporotic rats to stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, producing therefore obvious therapeutical effect against osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Boron ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Femur ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; Time Factors ; Tretinoin

BACKGROUNDDaxx has been identified as a nuclear protein that involves in apoptosis and transcriptional repression. Daxx co-localizes with the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein and regulates transcription. Human Daxx (hDaxx) is a protein that functions as a transcriptional regulation through its interaction with some DNA-associated proteins. The aim of this study was to explore the transcriptional regulatory effect of hDaxx interacting with adenovirus (Ad) 12 E1B (Ad12E1B) 55-kDa oncoprotein.

METHODSThe co-localization of hDaxx-Ad12E1B or hDaxx-PML protein in the nucleus was observed under a confocal microscope. Interaction of hDaxx and Ad12E1B was analyzed by yeast two-hybrid assay. Direct binding of hDaxx and Ad12E1B was analyzed using coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot in vivo and in vitro. The activity of a luciferase reporter gene, which was regulated by an hDaxx modulated thymidine kinase (TK) promoter, was detected in an automat luminometer.

RESULTSAd12E1B, which co-localized with hDaxx in the nuclei of G401-CC3 cells, disrupted the co-localization of hDaxx and PML in the PML oncogenic domains (PODs). hDaxx bound directly to Ad12E1B in vivo and in vitro. hDaxx interacted with Ad12E1B along its full length. Ad12E1B enhanced transcriptional repression activity of hDaxx.

CONCLUSIONAd12E1B disrupts the co-localization of hDaxx with PML in PODs and enhances transcriptional repression activity of hDaxx.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adenovirus E1B Proteins ; physiology ; Carrier Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein ; Repressor Proteins ; physiology ; Transcription Factors ; analysis ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in the pathological course in cortical tissues at diffe-rent times of hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD).Methods Fifty-six healthy 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley newborn rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups(n=8):normal group,sham-operated group,HIBD 12 h group,HIBD 24 h group,HIBD 48 h group,HIBD 72 h group,and HIBD 7 d group.HIBD rat models were established by ligating the left common carotid artery,after 2-4 h,followed by exposuring to hypoxia(80 mL/L oxygen and 920 mL/L nitrogen)for 2 h.The achievement of HIBD model was determined by the change on behaviour of neonatal rats.There were no treatment on the normal group,and the left common carotid artery was only separated in the sham group.The left cortical tissues in the experimental group were removed at 12,24,48,72 h,and 7 d after HIBD.H2S amounts in cortical tissues at different times after HIBD were measured by biochemical methods.Results H2S level in cortical tissues in HIBD 12 h group increased significantly compared with sham-operated group(P

OBJECTIVETo study the alteration of protein Z (PZ) in patients with cardio-cerebral thrombotic diseases, its clinical significance and relations with FX.

METHODSPZ and FX:Ag were measured by ELISA, and plasma FX:C by first stage method. In 170 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), 40 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 healthy adults as contrast, PZ, FX:C and FX:Ag were measured and compared between incipience and recurrence, different ages and genders.

RESULTSIn AIS and AMI groups, PZ levels decreased significantly to (940.02 +/- 229.82) microg/L and (1071.44 +/- 180.52) microg/L, respectively \[the contrast group was (2257.97 +/- 479.76) microg/L, P < 0.001\]. But FX:C and FX:Ag raised to (136.73 +/- 34.93)% and (135.54 +/- 54.39)% in AIS group; and to (139.53 +/- 29.18)%, (129.75 +/- 21.91)% in AMI group, respectively, while in the contrast group they were (94.33 +/- 22.00)% and (77.22 +/- 13.19)% (P < 0.001). In the comparative research between the AIS group, AMI group and the contrast group, PZ level was clearly found to negatively relate to the level of FX:C and FX:Ag (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, PZ level, FX:C and FX:Ag in recur-AIS group and recur-AMI group exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05) from those in the primary AIS and AMI groups, suggesting that the decrease of PZ levels reflected the pathological process of the disease. In addition, PZ level gradually decreased with the increase of age (P < 0.05), while FX:C and FX:Ag had no relations with age (P > 0.05). No correlation was found in sex with PZ level, FX:C, FX:Ag (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPZ level was significantly decreased in AIS and AMI patients and was negatively related to FX:C and FX:Ag. The mechanism leading to FX increase may partially related with the decreased of PZ. PZ level was different in the primary and recurrent disease and was gradually decreased with the increase of age. Lack of PZ might be a etiological factor of cardio-cerebral thrombotic diseases.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Factor X ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; Stroke ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the digit length ratio (DLR) and male fertility in Ningxia.

METHODSUsing an electronic sliding caliper, we measured the lengths of the index finger (D2), middle finger (D3), ring finger (D4) and little finger (D5) of both the right and left hand of 136 infertile males in Ningxia, 45 of them with normal and the other 91 with abnormal semen, including 28 cases of oligozoospermia, 10 cases of obstructive azoospermia (OA) and 53 cases of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). We calculated the DLRs of D2:D3, D2:D4, D2:D5, D3:D4, D3:D5 and D4:D5 and compared them among different groups.

RESULTSThe mean values of FLR presented a pattern of D2:D3 < D2:D4 < D3:D4 < D2:D5 < D4:D5 in the infertile males. DLRs of D2:D3, D2:D4, D2:D5, D3:D5 and D4:D5 of the right hand were significantly higher in the abnormal than in the normal semen group (t = 2.56, 2.48, 3.57, 2.85, 2.53; P < 0.05); those of D2:D3, D2:D4, D2:D5 and D4:D5 of the right hand presented a pattern of NOA > oligozoospermia > OA > normal semen group, while that of D3:D5 presented a pattern of NOA > OA > oligozoospermia > normal semen group. The NOA group showed a significantly higher DLR of the right hand than the normal semen group in D2:D3, D2:D4, D3:D5 and D4:D5, the oligozoospermia group in D2:D4, D3:D5 and D4:D5, and the OA group in D2:D3 (P < 0.05). The D4:D5 DLR of the right hand was remarkably higher in the Han than in the Hui ethnic group (t = 2.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigher DLRs of D2:D3, D2:D4, D2:D5, D3:D5 and D4:D5 of the right hand were associated with lower fertility in infertile males in Ningxia. And the D4:D5 FLRs of the right hand may be different between Hui and Han infertile men in Ningxia.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Fertility ; Fingers ; anatomy & histology ; Hand ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; epidemiology ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the factors of post pancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage.

METHODSThe clinical data of 263 cases between January 1998 and April 2008 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were analyzed prospectively.

RESULTSThe overall mortality rate was 4.94% (13/263). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 23 patients (8.75%), with 8 episodes ending fatally (34.8%). The tumor size, Child classification, caput total resection and pancreatic leakage were identified as significant risk factors for post pancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage by means of univariate analysis. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that all of the five factors turned out to be the independent risk factors.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevention of these bleeding complications depends in the first place on meticulous hemostatic technique. The pancreatic leakage is also one of the most important factors due to postoperative bleeding. The prophylactic use of somatostatin is not necessary.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors