Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and application value of retroperitoneal laparoscopic combined with resectoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma Methods From Jan.2006 to Jul.2009,fifteen upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients underwent excision of bladder cuff with resectoscope at first,and then retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy.All tumors were confirmed to be localized,stage T1-T3.Clinical outcomes of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Mean operative time was 150 (range:120-180) minutes and blood loss volume was 200 (range:100-400)ml.The function of intestinal canal recovered after 24-48 hours,the drainage tube could be removed after 3-4 days.Catheter was kept for 7-10 days.During the follow up for 1-40 months,all the 15 patients survived with one retroperitoneal lymphatic metastasis.There were no severe complications in perioperative and postoperative period.Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic combined with resectoscopic radical nephroureterectomy may be a practical surgical procedure for upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients with less intraoperative blood loss and early recovery.

The clinical data of 30 patients with vesical calculus of 1.5 cm to 4 cm in diameter,who underwent combination of transurethral pneumatic and ultrasonic cystolithotripsy,were retrospectively analyzed.During the procedure the resectoscopic sheath was inserted into bladder through urethra,then the nephroscope was placed through the sheath.When the stone was located,the ultrasonic and pneumatic devices were used for lithotripsy and the fragments were cleared out.The procedures lasted from 10 to 25 min,all operations were successful.Transurethral resection of prostates (TURP) was performed simultaneously in 28 patients.No serious bleeding,bladder injury or transurethral resection syndrome occurred.One patient with simultaneous TURP developed bladder neck contracture one month after surgery and was later cured by endoresection.No residual chip or stone recurrence was detected.This procedure appears to be safe and highly efficient with low rate of urethrostenosis and is suitable for simotaneous prostate surgery.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the activation mode on the results of space closure in the mandibular arch using a double keyhole loop (DKHL) with a typodont model and reverse engineering technique to provide guidance for clinical treatment. Methods: Nine normal mandibular typodont models after leveling were randomly divided into 3 groups, which then underwent three types of DKHL activation for space closure. Each model was assessed at the initial stage and after the warm water bath, and the images were superimposed to measure the displacement of special crown and root mark points. All statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 19.0 Results: After equal activation times, the root retraction of anterior teeth and the crown forward position of posterior teeth in groups activated at the distal loop (conditions 2 and 3) were much greater than those in the group activated horizontally (condition 1). Activation between mesial and distal loops (condition 3) induced significant anterior tooth intrusion, together with elongation and buccal inclination of posterior teeth. The displacement of mark points among the three conditions showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion The movement of mandibular anterior and posterior teeth could be flexibly controlled through different DKHL activation modes, which should be chosen carefully according to individual conditions.