No abstract available.
C-Peptide*

No abstract available.
C-Peptide

Background: Both c-peptide and nicotinamide are known to increase blood insulin in diabetes. In the present study, we examined the effect of c-peptide alone or in combination with nicotinamide on insulin levels in pancreatic islets in mice. Methods: This study was conducted with 60 adult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMARI) mice weighing 25 to 30 g. Pancreatic islets from normal mice were isolated by the collagenase digestion method. Mice were divided into ten groups of six (n = 6): control, glyburide (1 and 10 μM), C-peptide (50 and 100 nM), nicotinamide (10, 25, and 100 mM), nicotinamide + C-peptide (100 mM and 100 nM), and buffer in different glucose concentrations (2.8, 5.6, and 16.7 mM). Insulin secretion was measured using insulin radioimmunoassay method. Results: Insulin secretion significantly increased at 16.7 mM glucose concentration compared with 2.8 and 5.6 mM glucose concentrations. Incubation of islets at 2.8 and 5.6 mM glucose concentrations and nicotinamide + C-peptide, nicotinamide 25 and 100 mM, and C-peptide 100 nM significantly increased insulin secretion compared with the control group. In addition, incubation of islets at 16.7 mM glucose with nicotinamide + C-peptide significantly increased insulin secretion. Glyburide at 10 μM concentration was more effective than nicotinamide at 10 and 100 mM, C-peptide 50 and 100 nM in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose concentration. However, the combination of nicotinamide + C-peptide was more effective than glyburide at a concentration of 10 μM in the presence of a 16.7 mM glucose concentration. Conclusions: This paper suggests that c-peptide, nicotinamide, and the combination of c-peptide and nicotinamide in-creases insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.
C-Peptide ; Niacinamide

No abstract available.
Atherosclerosis ; Biomarkers ; C-Peptide ; Humans

No abstract available.
Atherosclerosis ; Biomarkers ; C-Peptide ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to classify newly diagnosed diabetic patients who initially presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) into specific types of diabetes and to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with fulminant type 1 DM in Korea. METHODS: Using data from 4 hospitals of CMC from 1 January 1999 to 1 March 2008, we identified all patients who manifested DKA when they were first diagnosed as diabetes. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed from medical records. RESULTS: We identified 51 newly diagnosed diabetic patients manifested DKA. Among them, 14 (27.4%) patients were classified as autoimmune type 1 DM, 8 (15.7%) as antibody negative type 1 DM, 5 (9.8%) as fulminant type 1, 16 (31.4%) as type 2 DM and 8 (15.7%) as secondary DM. Five patients who fulfilled the criteria of fulminant type 1 DM were older (32.2 +/- 10.7 vs. 15.7 +/- 4.4 years, P = 0.010), had shorter duration of symptoms (4.2 +/- 2.7 vs.16.7 +/- 15.2 days, P = 0.014) and lower stimulated C-peptide levels (0.1 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.6 ng/mL, P = 0.050) compared with patients with autoimmune type 1 DM. CONCLUSION Newly diagnosed diabetic patients presenting with DKA composed of heterogenous types of diabetes. The prevalence of fulminant type 1 diabetes among them was 9.8% and the clinical and biochemical characteristics of these patients were different from those of autoimmune type 1 DM.
C-Peptide ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
C-Peptide* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type

Objective: The primary objective was to assess beta-cell function of recently-diagnosed young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals using basal and stimulated C-peptide levels. The secondary objective was to examine the association between C-peptide with metabolic factors and diabetes complications. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for young-onset T2DM individuals aged 18-35 years with a disease duration of not more than 5 years. Plasma C-peptide was measured before and after intravenous glucagon injection. Demographic data, medical history and complications were obtained from medical records and clinical assessment. Continuous data were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were described as frequency or percentage. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with C-peptide levels. Results: 113 participants with young-onset T2DM with a median (IQR) age of 29.0 (9.5) years and 24 (36) months were included in this study. The median (IQR) basal and stimulated C-peptide was 619 (655) pmol/L and 1231 (1024) pmol/L. Adequate beta-cell function was present in 78-86% of the participants based on the basal and stimulated C-peptide levels. We found hypertension, obesity and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to be independently associated with higher C–peptide levels. In contrast, females, smokers, those on insulin therapy and with longer duration of disease had lower C–peptide levels. Conclusion Most recently diagnosed young-onset T2DM have adequate beta-cell function. Elevated C-peptide levels associated with obesity, hypertension and diabetic kidney disease suggest insulin resistance as the key driving factor for complications.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; C-Peptide

This is a case report of a 22-year-old Filipino male, morbidly obese, not known to have diabetes mellitus (DM) who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis on initial diagnosis. He had a phenotype of type 2 DM (T2D) but an initial presentation consistent with type 1 DM (T1D). Insulin therapy was eventually discontinued but he maintained good glycemic control with diet alone. C-peptide showed adequate increase after a mixed-meal diet and GAD65Ab was negative, thus he was diagnosed with ketosis-prone DM (KPDM). The increasing prevalence of obesity challenges the classic phenotype of patients with DM, with many patients presenting as an obese type T1D, and being diagnosed with T2D at a younger age. This complicates how to classify the patient’s diabetes, and the clinical profile is sometimes insufficient to make the proper diagnosis. In these cases, immunologic markers and assessment of β-cell function are important tools to differentiate between T1D and T2D, to direct management plans and to anticipate complications.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; C-Peptide