HIV screen ; Changing

Arotinolol was administered orally to 31 patients to evaluate is antihypertensive action. After one week of antihypertensive medication, they were given Arotinolol 30mg daily for 4 week. Routine serum chemistries, electrolytes, urinalysis and electrocardiography were studied before and after Arotinolol. Blood pressure measured in sitting, supine and standing position was 175.3+/-5.4/115.7+/-4.0, 168.0+/-5.2/150.0+/-3.8, 154.4+/-8.5/103.4+/-3.2mmHg in control and 143.8+/-2.8/93.3+/-2.8, 144.6+/-5.4/88.1+/-4.3, 139.7+/-4.6/86.8+/-3.4mmHg in Arotinolol treatment group. The differences between both blood pressure were statistically significant(P<0.01). No laboratory test showed significant difference between both period. There were no significant side effects except 2 cases of transient headache and dizziness respectively, and one case of diarrhea. In summary, Arotinolol apears to reduce blood pressure effectively with minimal side effects.
Blood Pressure ; Diarrhea ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Urinalysis

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serios health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called "ondal". We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occurred by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following finding were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients form the middle class experienced the intoxication bu sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occurred in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is very important parameter in this hazards.
Age Distribution ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Coal ; Female ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Poisoning ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serios health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called "ondal". We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occurred by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following finding were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients form the middle class experienced the intoxication bu sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occurred in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is very important parameter in this hazards.
Age Distribution ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Coal ; Female ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Poisoning ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio

No abstract available.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Czechoslovakia ; History of Medicine ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Isoquinolines ; administration & dosage ; Mental Disorders ; drug therapy ; Psychiatry ; history ; Terbutaline ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tranquilizing Agents ; history ; therapeutic use ; Tretoquinol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Background: Neuropathic symptoms and signs are common in the elderly and are often considered normal fi ndings. However, symptomatic polyneuropathy may contribute to disability and falls in the elderly. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in the elderly in Malaysia has not been previously reported. The objective of this pilot study is to determine the frequency of symptomatic sensory polyneuropathy in a group of elderly subjects in the community and their possible associated factors. Methods: Cross sectional survey of subjects aged 65 years and above, carried out in an urban neighbourhood in Petaling Jaya. Using a standardised questionnaire, subjects were asked about sensory neuropathic symptoms, associated medical conditions and social habits. They were examined for the ankle refl ex, vibration, joint position, and pinprick sensations. Possible symptomatic sensory polyneuropathy was defi ned as bilateral distal neuropathic symptoms, loss of pinprick sensation and proprioception sense. Results: Of the 100 subjects, 63% had neuropathic symptoms and signs and 20% had possible symptomatic sensory polyneuropathy. Subjects with polyneuropathy complained of more postural instability and giddiness and distal weakness. Diabetes mellitus was associated with the presence of neuropathic symptoms and signs but not with polyneuropathy. Age was signifi cantly associated with polyneuropathy. Conclusion: The frequency of symptomatic sensory polyneuropathy in a group of elderly subj

INTRODUCTIONSystemic and local intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with large vessel ischaemic stroke is hampered by poor re-canalisation rates and risk of haemorrhage. The Merci Retrieval System is an endovascular device for removal of acute intracranial thrombus. We present our initial experience using this device in conjunction with existing thrombolytic therapy already in place in our institute.

MATERIALS AND METHODSProspective data in all patients presenting with large vessel ischaemic stroke treated using the Merci Retrieval System from July 2007 to March 2009 were analysed. Selection criteria for patients were similar to the multi- Merci trial of 2008. We compared re-canalisation rate, National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) and modified Rankin score (mRS) outcomes to the published trial results.

RESULTSSeventeen patients were reviewed; none suffered immediate post-procedural complications. Fifteen underwent successful thrombus retrieval but in 2 cases the device failed due to technical considerations. Sites of vascular occlusion included: ICA/ICA-'T' junctions 27%, middle cerebral artery 13% and vertebrobasilar artery 60%. Of the 15 patients treated by MERCI with or without adjuvant thrombolytic therapy, complete re-canalisation was achieved in 60%, partial re-canalisation in 20%, partial re-canalisation with persistent distal vessel occlusion in 6% and failure of re-canalisation in 14%. Asymptomatic haemorrhage occurred in 33% and there was 1 death (6%) from symptomatic haemorrhage. Pre-treatment median NIHSS was 17.88 and 9.5 immediately post-treatment. Median mRS at 30 days was 2.6 for patients who achieved complete re-canalisation and 4.5 in failure or partial re-canalisation with or without persistent distal vessel occlusion.

CONCLUSIONRe-canalisation rates using the Merci Retrieval System was comparable to the multi-Merci trial. Haemorrhagic complications and safety were also found to be satisfactory. Importantly, treatment success with eventual good clinical outcome hinges strongly on the ability of the device to achieve complete re-canalisation.

Acute Disease ; Aged ; Cerebral Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Revascularization ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Singapore ; Stroke ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Thrombectomy ; instrumentation

Two common study designs of occupational epidemiologic studies are cohort mortality studies, which use the population at risk as a denominator, and proportionate mortality studies, which use the total number of events as a denominator. This study compared the various methods of point estimation for cohort mortality studies, i.e., RR (risk ratio), OR (odds ratio) and SMR (standardized mortality ratio), and those for proportionate mortality studies, i.e., PRR (proportionate risk ratio), POR (proportionate odds ratio) and PMR (proportionate mortality ratio). This study was based on a real dataset of all workers in Metropolitan Toronto, Canada, who applied for compensation for various types of injuries or diseases from the Workers' Compensation Board in 1980. Results showed that within the cohort mortality or proportionate mortality study designs, OR (or POR) in all cases gave the least conservative estimates (farthest away from the null value), while SMR (or PMR) gave the most conservative estimates. The empirical differences between the point estimators were generally small. Our results showed that between study designs the corresponding point estimators were poorly correlated. In addition, this empirical study indicated that the use of the mortality odds ratio did not improve the proportionate mortality study very much in terms of generating results similar to the risk ratio from the cohort mortality design. We drew two conclusions: first, the point estimators within each study design can generally be a good alternative to one another; and second, proportionate mortality studies are not a good approximation for cohort mortality studies.
Cohort Studies ; Comparative Study ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiologic Methods* ; Human ; Mortality* ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects*

We investigated the role of the central MAPK pathways in extra-territorial (referred) pain resulting from inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Under anesthesia, these animals were injected with 50 microL of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the TMJ using a Hamilton syringe. In the control group, saline was injected into the TMJ. To identify the extent of inflammation of the TMJ, Evans blue dye (0.1%, 5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after CFA injection. The concentration of Evans blue dye in the extracted TMJ tissue was found to be significantly higher in the CFA-treated animals than in the saline-treated group. Air-puff thresholds in the vibrissa pad area were evaluated 3 days before and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after CFA injection into the TMJ. Referred mechanical allodynia was established at 3 days, remained until 12 days, and recovered to preoperative levels at 18 days after CFA injection. This referred mechanical allodynia was observed in contralateral side area. To investigate the role of central MAPK pathways, MAPK inhibitors (10 microg) were administrated intracisternally 9 days after CFA injection. SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated referred mechanical allodynia, as compared with the vehicle group. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, also reduced CFA-induced referred mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that TMJ inflammation produces extra-territorial mechanical allodynia, and that this is mediated by central MAPK pathways.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Evans Blue ; Flavonoids ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Imidazoles ; Inflammation ; Male ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Pain, Referred ; Pyridines ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Syringes ; Temporomandibular Joint