We report an apparently benign familial 9p subtelomere deletion identified using chromosome-arm-specific subtelomere probes in a patient with multiple congenital anomalies. Our experience demonstrated that the discovery of a subtelomeric deletion and/or duplication does not always guarantee the identification of the etiology for the patient's phenotype and a positive finding with subtelomere probes should always be followed by parental study with the same probe in order to distinguish a disease causing alteration from a benign familial polymorphism.

Growth Patterns of cranium measured directly as head circumference have been well documented. With the recent progress in CT, it is easy to measure the size and cross sectional area of the structure. The author chose themidvnetricular level of brain CT scan and measured the product of maximum anteroposterior and lateral dimension and cross sectional area. The age of infants ans children was 0 to 2 years old. The author obtained the following results through statistical analysis; 1. The maximum anteroposterior dimension and the cross sectional area were obtained through the computerized program of CT scanner. Using these measurements, monthly growth curve was obtained and which shows accelarated growth in the initial 12 months especially during the first four months, and followd by reduced rate of growth in the next 12 months. 2. Comparing the size of the calvarium between sexed,females' were somewhat larger than males', but there was no statistical significance. 3. Comparing the crosssectional area with the head circumference, high correlation was seen(correlation coefficient=0.96). Similarelationship was also seen between the product of cranial linear dimensions and the head circumference(correlationcoefficient=0.93). Also statistically significant relationship was noted between the cross sectional area and theproduct of the cranial linear dimensions(correlation coefficient=0.97). 4. Using the cross sectional area and theproduct of cranial linear dimenstions, monthly average value and the 95% significant range were obtained which canbe used as indices for the growth and development of cranium. Of these, the product of cranial linear dimensionscan eadily be measured by brain CT images, which may be useful on practical basis.
Brain ; Child ; Growth and Development ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serios health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called "ondal". We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occurred by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following finding were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients form the middle class experienced the intoxication bu sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occurred in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is very important parameter in this hazards.
Age Distribution ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Coal ; Female ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Poisoning ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serios health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called "ondal". We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occurred by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following finding were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients form the middle class experienced the intoxication bu sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occurred in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is very important parameter in this hazards.
Age Distribution ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Coal ; Female ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Poisoning ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio

We cairried out this study to find the possibility of itch control with acupuncture under the hypothesis that antipruritic effect also exists if the itch sensation is closely allied to pain. We evaluated the effect of acupuncture on histarnine induced itch, flare and wheal in 20 healthy male volunteers aged 24 32 years old and compared it with the effect of pseudoacupuncture on them and that of no intervention on them. The results were as follows: 1. Mans of itch intensity and duration were decreased in A(session with acupuncture) and P(session with Pseudoacupuncture), compared to those of N(session with no intervention), and A was more effective in decreasing the itch intensity and its duration than P. 2. Means of maximal sizes of flare and wheal were smaller in A and P, but there was no remarkable difference between A and P.
Acupuncture* ; Adult ; Histamine* ; Humans ; Male ; Sensation ; Volunteers

Compliance of epileptic patients is one of the most important factors for adequate therapy. Recently, it had been shown that the variability of three serial measurement of the serum levels of antiepileptic drug(AED) may be used as an indication of the degree of compliance. Coefficient variation(CV) of serum drug levels calculated by only one AED had been used to determine the compliance in epileptic patients who took multiple AEDs. We attempted to evaluate the CV of AEDs and then find the objective clue of compliance and the compatible therapeutic planing according to CV. Ninety seven epileptic patients of outpatients department of the Gyengsang National University Hospital were entered to this study. All patients were taking medication at least for 6 months without any changes of drug regimen. Patient's information was acquired by reviewing the chart and interview with questionnaire. With these informations, we determined the compliance of the patients. Antiepileptic serum levels were measured three times at intervals of at least two to four weeks apart, and their CV was calculated. We compared the CV between the compliant and non-compliant group in each AED(phenytoin, carbamazepine , valproic acid) and three drugs in the compliant group. The mean CVs of phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid in the compliant group were 18.3+/-13.0, 15.2+/-10.2 and 23.8+/-8.9, respectively(mean+/-SD). The mean of CV in the compliant and the non-compliant group were 17.9+/-10.9 and 38.8+/-27.2, respectively. The CVs of the compliant group were significantly lower than those of the non-compliant group(p<0.05). However, CVs had no significant difference between three antiepileptic drugs. This study showed that CVs of AEDs were not different between each AEDs, even though they possess different pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the CV of one AED can be used in determining the compliance of the epileptics who are taking multiple AEDs.
Anticonvulsants ; Carbamazepine* ; Compliance ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Phenytoin* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Valproic Acid*

INTRODUCTION: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is an abnormal gestation characterized by significant hydropic enlargement, trophoblastic proliferation and atypia involving part or all of the chorionic villi. The diagnosis and classification of hydatidiform moles is subject to great inter-observer variability due to significant morphologic overlaps. This study aims to evaluate the utility of p57KIP2 immunohistochemistry and ploidy by Her-2 FISH in refining the diagnosis of molar tissues.

METHOD: 113 and 78 molar cases were retrieved from the archives of the Histopathology Section of the Philippine General Hospital and Pathology Department of Seoul National University Hospital, respectively. TMA sections were submitted for immunohistochemical analysis for p57KIP2. Ploidy was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization using Her-2 probe. An interrater reliability analysis was done using the Kappa statistics with 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS: All 68 (100%) cases diagnosed as CH were negative for p57KIP2 staining and are diploid. Among the 54 cases of PH, only 1 (2%) is positive for p57KIP2 and is diploid. The interrater reliability between p57KIP2 and Her-2 FISH ploidy results is 0.66 (p <.0.001), 95% CI (0.02, 1.00) which is considered "fair to good." The kappa value between review diagnosis and p57KIP2 is 0.024 while the kappa between review diagnosis and Her-2 FISH ploidy is 0.050 both signifying poor agreement beyond chance.

CONCLUSION: Morphologic assessment alone may not be sufficient in problematic cases. p57KIP2 in conjunction with by Her-2 FISH are good adjuncts in the diagnosis and classification of hydatidiform mole.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Chorionic Villi ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Diploidy ; Reproducibility Of Results ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Trophoblasts ; Ploidies ; Molar

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to verify the prognostic factors of stage II rectal cancer and the effect of radiation therapy on the survival and local recurrence rate. METHODS: This study was undertaken in 202 patients who underwent curative resection of rectal cancer and confirmed to be stage II between July 1989 and December 1996. Univariate and multivariate (Cox's model) analyses of survival were employed to identify prognostic factors. Statistical significance was assigned by p value of <0.05. RESULTS: Overall recurrence occurred in 32 patients. Four patterns of recurrence were observed: hematogenous recurrence in 17 patients, local recurrence in 11, peritoneal seeding in two and simultaneous hematogenous and local recurrence in two cases. Overall 5-year survival rate was 85.6% and 5 year disease free survival rate was 82.8%. There was no significant difference in local recurrence rate and survival according to radiation therapy or location of cancer. In multivariate analysis, the number of harvested lymph node was only a prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The number of harvested lymph nodes has prognostic value in stage II rectal cancer. Postoperative radiation therapy should be considered for stage II rectal cancer with poor prognostic factors although radiation did not decrease local recurrence rate in present study.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; English Abstract ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery

No abstract available.
Alopecia* ; Minoxidil*

Proficiency in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) requires the practitioner to acquire cognitive and technical skills. For anesthesiology residents, an assortment of challenges has been identified in learning UGRA skills. Currently, a validated UGRA curriculum for residents does not exist, and the level of UGRA proficiency achieved during residency training can vary considerably. Simulated practice has been shown to enhance proficiency in UGRA, and a competency-based education with simulation training has been endorsed for anesthesiology residents. The objective of this review is to outline simulation-based training that can be implemented in a UGRA curriculum and to explore educational tools like gamification to facilitate competency in regional anesthesiology.
Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesiology ; Competency-Based Education ; Curriculum ; Internship and Residency ; Learning ; Nerve Block ; Simulation Training ; Ultrasonography