No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

For decades, many surgical techniques have been devised for correction of the gummy smile including mucosal resection, myectomy, the implant spacer technique, and osseous shortening of the alveolar-maxillary complex in case of vertical maxillary excess. However there are several problems in those techniques: the mucosal resection and the myectomy tends to recur, there would be the morbidity of the implant in the implant spacer technique, and the osseous shortening of the alveolar-maxillary complex is a procedure for the long face syndrome. Our technique is freeing the levator labii suprioris muscles and cinching them to the anteroinferior nasal septal cartilage for loss of muscle action. Seventeen patients(14 females and 3 males; mean age, 24 years) underwent operations. Preoperative photogrammetric analysis indicated the range of gum exposure when smiling was 2.0 - 9.0 mm(mean, 3.8 mm) and the maxillary lip length in repose was 17.0 - 29.0 mm(mean, 23.1 mm). Three to 31 months(mean, 12 months) after the operation, the results were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The postoperative gum exposure was ranged 0.0 - 4.0 mm(mean, 0.4 mm) (-3.4 mm, p< 0.05). And the maxillary lip length was elongated about 4%(+1.0 mm, p< 0.05). Results were also analyzed clinically by the ordinary scale method. The gum exposure when smiling was excellent and the nature of the smile was good. Upper lip stiffness developed in all patients, but resolved completely within 1 month after the operatio. Hypesthesia of the upper lip was noted in 8 cases, but also disappeared within 2 months. Additionally, this technique resulted in narrowing of the interalar distance. Our technique is effective in correcting a gummy smile, but would not be recommended for patients with an abnormally narrow interalar distance.
Cartilage ; Elevators and Escalators* ; Female ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lip* ; Male ; Muscles ; Smiling

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to present basic data on shoulder musculoskeletal pain in junior elite tennis players, with data collected via a survey, physical examinations, and musculoskeletal ultrasound. Methods: The participants were eight healthy junior elite Korean tennis players, registered with the Korea Tennis Association. The participants’ characteristics were surveyed using a questionnaire, musculoskeletal pain was assessed, and physical examination and ultrasound examination of the shoulder were performed. Results: The average age of the participants was 13.1±0.8 years (range, 12–14 years), average duration of tennis experience was 3.5±1.5 years (range, 1–6 years), and average player career was 1.6±0.7 years (range, 1–3 years). Six players (75.0%) complained of shoulder pain during and after games. Tennis experience, career length, and training hours were not related to the during- or post-match musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder. Four players (50.0%) showed a 5° to 10° decrease (average, −7.5°±2.4°) in shoulder internal rotation. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint widening (average, 1.8±0.9 mm) was observed in the dominant shoulder in seven players (87.5%). Conclusion Decreased shoulder internal rotation was observed in half of the participants. Ultrasonographic evaluation confirmed significant AC joint widening in the dominant arm. Further research on AC joint widening in junior tennis players is required.

The C749G(Pro250Arg) mutation in the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) has been found in patients with various types of craniosynostosis. In this study, the blood of 9 Korean children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis were collected and mutation analyses were performed to screen whether this Pro250Arg mutation is also prevalent in Korean population. The genomic DNA samples were analysed by PCR amplification to amplify exon 7 and flanking intron sequence of FGFR3 (341 bp). Restriction digests were analysed by gel electrophoresis. There were no heterozygous for Pro250Arg mutation. No mutations in restriction enzyme digestion were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. In this study, only 9 patients with simple craniosynostosis were subjected to mutation detection. Therefore, it is necessary to study a large number of patients in order to understand the proportion of non-syndromic craniosynostosis attributalbe to FGFR3 mutation. The epidemiologic study of this disease should be also combined in addition.
Child ; Craniosynostoses* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; Exons ; Fibroblast Growth Factors* ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Introns ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3* ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

The C749G(Pro250Arg) mutation in the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) has been found in patients with various types of craniosynostosis. In this study, the blood of 9 Korean children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis were collected and mutation analyses were performed to screen whether this Pro250Arg mutation is also prevalent in Korean population. The genomic DNA samples were analysed by PCR amplification to amplify exon 7 and flanking intron sequence of FGFR3 (341 bp). Restriction digests were analysed by gel electrophoresis. There were no heterozygous for Pro250Arg mutation. No mutations in restriction enzyme digestion were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. In this study, only 9 patients with simple craniosynostosis were subjected to mutation detection. Therefore, it is necessary to study a large number of patients in order to understand the proportion of non-syndromic craniosynostosis attributalbe to FGFR3 mutation. The epidemiologic study of this disease should be also combined in addition.
Child ; Craniosynostoses* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; Exons ; Fibroblast Growth Factors* ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Introns ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3* ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Even though many surgical techniques have been reported to correct the unilateral cleft lip nose deformity, it is very difficult to achieve optimal results. The authors used the porous high-density polyethylene(Medpor(R)) sheet as a columellar strut for alar cartilage repositioning and the triangular transposition flap based on the superior columella for correction of excess skin of alar web. A silicone implant was used for nasal dorsal augmentation. Additional techniques including segmental resection of the excessive alar cartilage on the normal side, freeing of the septal cartilage from the vomer, the nasal osteotomies, a Z-plasty on the afftected plica vestibularis, alar advancement of denuded alar base flap or an interalar cinch, and subcutaneous reduction of the external lateral triangle were also used to repair individual differences of the nasal deformities. Twenty-four patients (11 females and 13 males; mean age, 24 years) were included in this study. From six to thirty-four months(mean fifteen months) postoperatively, the patients were evaluated by the ordinary scale method and the anthropometric analysis using preoperative and postoperative nasal cast models. The analysis of the result was conducted by Paired samples T test. All the patients showed uneventful healing except three cases of columellar strut protrusion. By the ordinary scale method, "good" aesthetic results were noted. By the postoperative anthropometric analysis, the alar length of the normal side, the columellar length and the tip projection of both normal and affected sides were significantly increased. The nostril floor width of the affected side and the nose width were significantly decreased. In conclusion, this technique is valuable in the correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. But in cases of severe deformity, residual septal deviation, those who have received the operation several times, the porous high-density polyethylene sheet must be used carefully because of the protrusion.
Cartilage ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Nose* ; Osteotomy ; Polyethylene* ; Silicones ; Skin ; Vomer

PURPOSE: Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous(TRAM) flap has been a gold standard for breast reconstruction and one of surgical techniques preferred by many surgeons. The authors examined the course of deep epigastric artery focusing on distance from margins of rectus abdominis to pedicle and location of choke vessels to get minimal muscles during pedicled TRAM flap operation. METHODS: Eleven rectus abdominis muscle from nine cadavers were used in this study. Rectus abdominis was separated from the cadavers, deep inferior and superior epigastric artery were isolated and then 8 anatomical landmarks in medial and lateral margins of rectus abdominis were designated. Distance to a pedicle meeting first horizontally was measured and vertical location from umbilicus to choke vessel was determined. In addition, 32 rectus abdominis images of 16 women(average age: 37.2 years old) from 64 channel abdomen dynamic computerized tomography were also examined with the same anatomical landmarks with those of cadavers. RESULTS: Average distance from four landmarks on lateral margin of rectus abdominis to pedicle was 1.9-3.4cm and 1.8-3.8 cm on medial margin. Choke vessel was located between middle and inferior tendinous intersection in all cases and average distance between two tendinous intersection was 6.7-7.0cm on medial margin and 6.2cm on lateral margin. Location of inferior tendinous intersection was on umbilicus or superior of it in all cases and its average distance from umbilicus was 1.8-5.6cm on medial margin and 2.7-6.2cm on lateral margin. CONCLUSION: Distance from medial and lateral margins of rectus abdominis muscle to pedicle was the shortest in inferior tendinous intersection and that was averagely 1.8cm on medial margin and 1.9cm in average on lateral margin. All choke vessels were located between middle and inferior tendinous intersection.
Abdomen ; Cadaver ; Epigastric Arteries ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Mammaplasty ; Muscles ; Rectus Abdominis ; Umbilicus

This study was performed to identify the impact of awareness and educational experiences on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the ability to execute of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among Korean adults. This study used original data of 2014 Community Health Data Survey. 228,712 participants in this survey were resident in South Korea who is aged 19 or older on July 2014. Participants in this survey were sampled an average of 900 residents(target error ± 3 percent) per community health center of Korea. Data were analyzed by using R 3.1.3 employing chi-squared test, fisher's exact analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Ability to execute CPR was significantly higher in males(3.34 time), higher the education level (1.61 times), the white color occupation (1.14 times), the higher the income level (1.07 times), the higher the education level (0.91 times), non-hypertensive patients (1.12 times), non-diabetic patients (1.16 times), non-dyslipidemic patients (0.86 times), non-stroke patients (0.30 times), CPR education experience group (3.25 times), CPR experience group with manikin-based training (4.30 times), higher subjective health status (1.08 times, 1.16 times) respectively. This study identified that awareness, educational experience, and mannequin-based learning experience of CPR impacted on the ability to execute CPR. Responding to education-related factors could contribute to reducing the rate of out-of-hospital acute cardiac arrest by improving the ability to execute CPR of the general public.
Adult* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Community Health Centers ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Logistic Models ; Occupations