We described a case of mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor of non-gonadoblastoma type (GCSCT-NG) of the ovary in a 2-year-old girl and compared its histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings with those of gonadoblastoma. The germ cell component showed an immunopositivity for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and a negative reaction for -inhibin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), vimentin and CD99. The sex cord elements showed an immunopositivity for cytokeratin, EMA, vimentin and inhibin, but negativity for AFP, PLAP, and CD99. The ultrastructural features showed desmosome-like cell junctions, suggesting spermatocytic differentiation from the primordial germ cells or gonocytes. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings suggested that GCSCT-NG is probably a more differentiated form of mixed germ cell- sex cord-stromal tumor than gonadoblastoma.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Gonadoblastoma ; Humans ; Inhibins ; Intercellular Junctions ; Keratins ; Mucin-1 ; Ovary* ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; Vimentin

OBJECTIVES: Prenatal testosterone is known to influence both cerebral laterality and 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D : 4D). Epigenetic changes are thought to play some role in it. We studied sex-related differences between 2D : 4D and cerebral laterality in patients with schizophrenia and controls to examine the effects of prenatal testosterone in the development of schizophrenia. METHODS: Forty one men (18 schizophrenic patients and 23 controls) and 40 women (17 schizophrenic patients and 23 controls) were recruited from one psychiatric hospital in Korea. The 2D : 4D and electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence in 19 channels (66 pairs of interhemispheric coherence and 54 pairs of intrahemispheric coherence) were measured. The sex-related statistical analyses between 2D : 4D and EEG coherence in controls and patients with schizophrenia were performed using multiple regression. RESULTS: In male patients, the relationship between 2D : 4D and right intrahemispheric EEG coherence showed mainly positive correlation in delta and theta frequency bands, while it showed negative correlation in male controls. In female patients, the relationship between 2D : 4D and interhemispheric EEG coherence showed stronger positive correlation in alpha and beta frequency bands, while it showed weaker positive correlation in female controls. CONCLUSIONS: Low prenatal testosterone may play certain roles in altered correlation between 2D : 4D and cerebral laterality in schizophrenia and the development of schizophrenia by epigenetic mechanism.
Electroencephalography ; Epigenomics ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Schizophrenia* ; Testosterone

Picosulfate solution is widely used as a small volume bowel cleansing agent and is considered to be effective and relatively safe. A case of a 75-year-old woman ingested picosulfate powder and drank a small volume of water, subsequently experienced severe burning pain in the chest. Endoscopy was performed and showed a submucosal hemorrhage and exudative ulcers at the mid to lower esophagus. At 2 weeks, her symptoms improved with conservative treatment. However, liquid food dysphagia developed 11 weeks after ingestion. A follow-up endoscopy revealed multiple esophageal strictures, which were treated with a fully covered metal stent and esophageal balloon dilation. Consequently, the esophageal strictures improved after one year. As this case demonstrates, detailed information about picosulfate powder ingestion after dissolving it in more than 200 mL of water should be presented to patients to avoid esophageal injury.