In this study, using PC server. we developed large scale hospital order communication system which is classified into 3 categories of business: clinical business, clinical support business, patient management business. In all the programs to build OCS, the user's convenience was considered as a top priority. which was built in the environment of 'window'; in this, the tool to develop the programs was a 'Visual Basic' In consideration of the aspect of operation. the programs were consolidated into one kind. The database was built into a relation-type database. MS/SQL which is easily interchangeable or portable personal database: and data exchange with real users was also made casy. Since all kinds of business concerned built in open system, this hospital information system can actively cope with any of environmental changes, and since this system was developed by manpower within an organization of a hospital. the system can flexibly and efficiently correspond to its operation.
Commerce ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictor associated transitions with each stage of smoking cessation based on the Transtheoretical Model, and to provide basic data for smoking cessation programs for adolescents. METHODS: The participants were 297 current and former smokers, obtained from stratified random sampling of 2nd graders from 127 high schools in B cities. The data were collected between April 6th and 16th 2002, using a structured self-report questionnaire, and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression, with the SPSS program for Windows (Version 10.0). RESULTS: The predictors of transition from precontemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.40), coping pros (OR=.84, 95% CI: .70-1.00) and attitude of parents to smoking (OR=2.97, 95% CI: 94-9.24). The predictors of transition from contemplation to preparation were helping relationships (OR=.83, 95% CI: 72-.96), self-liberation (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 99-1.33) and nicotine dependence (OR=.76, 95% CI: 56-1.03). The only predictor of transition from preparation to action was the social pros (OR=.66, 95% CI: .57-.82). The predictors of transition from action to maintenance were self-reevaluation (OR=.81, 95% CI: .71-.92) and negative affective situation (OR=.85, 95% CI: .72-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Adequate examination on the factors for predicting the transitional stages of change for smoking cessation in Koreans are presented in this study. The results of this study will become the pillar of smoking cessation planning and application programs.
Adolescent* ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Parents ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Use Disorder

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been considered the most successful development in radiation oncology since the introduction of computed tomography into treatment planning that enabled three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in 1980s. More than three decades have passed since the concept of inverse planning was first introduced in 1982, and IMRT has become the most important and common modality in radiation therapy. This review will present developments in inverse IMRT treatment planning and IMRT delivery using multileaf collimators, along with the associated key concepts. Other relevant issues and future perspectives are also presented.
Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy, Conformal

The original version of this paper contains typographical errors.

BACKGROUND: As the population ages, the elderly will constitute a prominent proportion of trauma patients. The elderly suffer more severe outcomes from injuries compared with the young. In this study, we examined the relationship between mortality and complications with age. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 256 major trauma patients (Injury Severity Score > 15) admitted to an emergency center over a two-year period. Age-dependent mortality and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 256 patients, 209 (81.6%) were male and the mean age was 47.2 years. There was a trend between increasing age and increasing mortality, but this was not statistically significant. Increasing age was correlated with frequency of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Age was confirmed to be an independent predictor of mortality in major trauma. We documented that elderly trauma patients suffer from complications more frequently compared with their younger counterparts. Appropriate and specific triage and management guidelines for elderly trauma patients are needed.
Aged* ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Triage