OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictor associated transitions with each stage of smoking cessation based on the Transtheoretical Model, and to provide basic data for smoking cessation programs for adolescents. METHODS: The participants were 297 current and former smokers, obtained from stratified random sampling of 2nd graders from 127 high schools in B cities. The data were collected between April 6th and 16th 2002, using a structured self-report questionnaire, and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression, with the SPSS program for Windows (Version 10.0). RESULTS: The predictors of transition from precontemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.40), coping pros (OR=.84, 95% CI: .70-1.00) and attitude of parents to smoking (OR=2.97, 95% CI: 94-9.24). The predictors of transition from contemplation to preparation were helping relationships (OR=.83, 95% CI: 72-.96), self-liberation (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 99-1.33) and nicotine dependence (OR=.76, 95% CI: 56-1.03). The only predictor of transition from preparation to action was the social pros (OR=.66, 95% CI: .57-.82). The predictors of transition from action to maintenance were self-reevaluation (OR=.81, 95% CI: .71-.92) and negative affective situation (OR=.85, 95% CI: .72-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Adequate examination on the factors for predicting the transitional stages of change for smoking cessation in Koreans are presented in this study. The results of this study will become the pillar of smoking cessation planning and application programs.
Adolescent* ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Parents ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Use Disorder

In this study, using PC server. we developed large scale hospital order communication system which is classified into 3 categories of business: clinical business, clinical support business, patient management business. In all the programs to build OCS, the user's convenience was considered as a top priority. which was built in the environment of 'window'; in this, the tool to develop the programs was a 'Visual Basic' In consideration of the aspect of operation. the programs were consolidated into one kind. The database was built into a relation-type database. MS/SQL which is easily interchangeable or portable personal database: and data exchange with real users was also made casy. Since all kinds of business concerned built in open system, this hospital information system can actively cope with any of environmental changes, and since this system was developed by manpower within an organization of a hospital. the system can flexibly and efficiently correspond to its operation.
Commerce ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been considered the most successful development in radiation oncology since the introduction of computed tomography into treatment planning that enabled three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in 1980s. More than three decades have passed since the concept of inverse planning was first introduced in 1982, and IMRT has become the most important and common modality in radiation therapy. This review will present developments in inverse IMRT treatment planning and IMRT delivery using multileaf collimators, along with the associated key concepts. Other relevant issues and future perspectives are also presented.
Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy, Conformal

The original version of this paper contains typographical errors.

BACKGROUND: As the population ages, the elderly will constitute a prominent proportion of trauma patients. The elderly suffer more severe outcomes from injuries compared with the young. In this study, we examined the relationship between mortality and complications with age. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 256 major trauma patients (Injury Severity Score > 15) admitted to an emergency center over a two-year period. Age-dependent mortality and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 256 patients, 209 (81.6%) were male and the mean age was 47.2 years. There was a trend between increasing age and increasing mortality, but this was not statistically significant. Increasing age was correlated with frequency of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Age was confirmed to be an independent predictor of mortality in major trauma. We documented that elderly trauma patients suffer from complications more frequently compared with their younger counterparts. Appropriate and specific triage and management guidelines for elderly trauma patients are needed.
Aged* ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Triage

Purpose: This study evaluated the surgical volumes and types of specific surgical procedures in a single trauma center for 3 consecutive years. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2016 there were 9,530 injury cases in the trauma registry that were reviewed. Results: There were 1,502 patients (15.8%) with an injury severity score over 15, of which 426 (28.4%) underwent an emergency operation or had an interventional radiology procedure. There were 186 craniotomies, 87 laparotomies, and 74 interventional radiology procedures performed. Conclusion The number of emergency operations by each dedicated trauma surgeon was very low therefore implementation of an acute-care surgery model is appropriate to consider together with changes to the training program for trauma surgeons.

Purpose: This study evaluated the surgical volumes and types of specific surgical procedures in a single trauma center for 3 consecutive years. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2016 there were 9,530 injury cases in the trauma registry that were reviewed. Results: There were 1,502 patients (15.8%) with an injury severity score over 15, of which 426 (28.4%) underwent an emergency operation or had an interventional radiology procedure. There were 186 craniotomies, 87 laparotomies, and 74 interventional radiology procedures performed. Conclusion The number of emergency operations by each dedicated trauma surgeon was very low therefore implementation of an acute-care surgery model is appropriate to consider together with changes to the training program for trauma surgeons.

Central serous chorioretinopathy may induce poor eyesight and serous retinal detachment. However, its exact cause has not been well established thus far. It can be associated with systemic high-dose corticosteroid treatment mainly for young and middle-aged men and may spontaneously regress or recur after withdrawal from corticosteroid. After corticosteroid administration for Behcet's disease, it is necessary to identify any ocular symptoms. Behcet's disease can lead to the development of ocular complications, such as uveitis, hypopyon, retinal vasculitis, optic neuritis, angiogenesis, secondary cataract, and glaucoma. It is possible to diagnose any of these complications via optical coherence tomography and digital indocyanine green angiography. It is easy to neglect an ocular symptom that may appear after a low-dose corticosteroid treatment as an ocular complication in patients with Behcet's disease. Thus, we report on a case concerning high-dose corticosteroid treatment with a literature review.
Angiography ; Behcet Syndrome ; Capsule Opacification ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Male ; Optic Neuritis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Vasculitis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Uveitis

No abstract available.
Amyloid Neuropathies* ; Amyloid*

BACKGROUND: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring system and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scoring system are widely used for critically ill patients. We evaluated whether APACHE II score and SOFA score predict the outcome for trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed trauma patients admitted to the ICU in a single trauma center between January 2014 and December 2015. The APACHE II score was figured out based on the data acquired from the first 24 hours of admission; the SOFA score was evaluated based on the first 3 days in the ICU. A total of 241 patients were available for analysis. Injury Severity score, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 83.4%. The non-survival group had a significantly high APACHE II score (24.1 ± 8.1 vs. 12.3 ± 7.2, P < 0.001) and SOFA score (7.7 ± 1.7 vs. 4.3 ± 1.9, P < 0.001) at admission. SOFA score had the highest areas under the curve (0.904). During the first 3 days, SOFA score remained high in the non-survival group. In the non-survival group, cardiovascular system, neurological system, renal system, and coagulation system scores were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: In ICU trauma patients, both SOFA and APACHE II scores were good predictors of outcome, with the SOFA score being the most effective. In trauma ICU patients, the trauma scoring system should be complemented, recognizing that multi-organ failure is an important factor for mortality.
APACHE* ; Cardiovascular System ; Complement System Proteins ; Critical Care* ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Intensive Care Units* ; Mortality ; Multiple Trauma ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Trauma Centers