Optimal treatment of heart failure is important to reduce hospitalization and mortality. In according to recommendation for treatment from major guideline, most patients with HF should be routinely managed with a combination of 3 types of drugs: a diuretic, an ACEI or an ARB, and a beta blocker. The value of these drugs has been established by the results of numerous large-scale clinical trials, and the evidence supporting a central role for their use is compelling. This review is focused on the drug treatment based on the evidence and practical implication.
Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hospitalization ; Humans

Optimal treatment of heart failure is important to reduce hospitalization and mortality. In according to recommendation for treatment from major guideline, most patients with HF should be routinely managed with a combination of 3 types of drugs: a diuretic, an ACEI or an ARB, and a beta blocker. The value of these drugs has been established by the results of numerous large-scale clinical trials, and the evidence supporting a central role for their use is compelling. This review is focused on the drug treatment based on the evidence and practical implication.
Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hospitalization ; Humans

No abstract available.
Myocardial Infarction ; Obesity

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of reduction based on postoperative computed tomography (CT) images after arthroscopic stabilization using tightrope system for unstable distal clavicle fracture. METHODS: Twelve patients with distal clavicle fracture combined with coracoclavicular (CC) ligament injury (type II, V) who received arthroscopically assisted fixation using a flip button device were evaluated for accuracy of reduction using 3-dimensional postoperative CT scan by measuring the degree of distal clavicular angulation and clavicular shortening. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative plain radiograph confirmed restoration of the CC distance (CCD) in 10 patients. At final follow-up, the CCD remained reduced anatomically on plain radiographs in these patients. All patients showed excessive posterior angulation and shortening compared to the opposite side. The average Constant score recovered to 94.8 at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect reduction and arthroscopic subacromial approach with flip button fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures demonstrated favorable clinical results despite unavoidable posterior angulation of distal clavicle and shortening the total length of clavicle.
Arthroscopy ; Clavicle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Treatment by External Fixation with External Compression Device was used for the displaced fractures of the proximal humerus. Especially in the old aged patient and patient with severe associated injury, this method was excellent for the early, painless motion of the shoulder and then good functional result. This experimental treatment was performed in 8 patients, and its merits were as follows: 1. The technique of operation was relatively easy, and was possible within a short time with minor injury. 2. The quality of reduction was good in all cases. 3. By the compression effect on the fracture site and firm maintenance of reduction during the treatment, solid healing as in internal fixation was possible. 4. Firm maintenance of reduction & minimal injury of soft tissue made possible early painless and wide ROM exercise, and then good functional result.
Humans ; Humerus ; Methods ; Shoulder

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was identified the level of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students of a domestic university, to develop an prevention educational program designed to improve the level of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis. METHODS: This study used a descriptive design in the foreign students of Soonchunhyang University. The participants were 118 foreign students, measurements included a socio-demographic and knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis. Data were collected from November to December, 2016, with a self-reported questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 24.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students were 16.05 (±4.52), 3.20 (±0.38). The knowledge on tuberculosis for foreign students was significantly different in country (F=11.76, P < 0.001), fatigue (t=2.40, P=0.018), smoking (t=2.45, P=0.016). The attitudes on tuberculosis for foreign students was significantly different in country (F=9.94, P < 0.001), fatigue (t=2.25, P=0.026). In the correlation analysis, the knowledge (r=0.760) positively correlated with the attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These finding indicate that development of educational programs to improve the level of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students. Also, future research needed to development the tuberculosis prevention educational programs.
Fatigue ; Humans ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tuberculosis

Heart failure remains a significant socioeconomic burden and leads to critical health problems due to its high mortality and hospitalization rates. Therefore, proper treatment of heart failure is very important in terms of long-term prognosis and quality of life.Current Concepts: The use of evidence-based drugs, intervention treatment, and patient education are essential recommendations to improve the prognosis of heart failure. However, these recommendations of treatment guidelines are not well implemented in actual clinical situations. A more realistic solution can be sought considering the domestic situation. First, it is necessary to improve public awareness of the disease. It is also necessary to actively educate medical personnel, including primary care doctors. Second, efforts to improve clinical inertia or neglect of treatment of medical personnel are needed. For a systematic treatment approach, developing performance indicators in heart failure management are necessary, which can be a realistic and suitable alternative to the domestic clinics.Discussion and Conclusion: Applying a well-proven treatment to patients with heart failure should be essential, which is not an option in actual clinical practice. To solve this problem, social attention and efforts, more grand decisions by academic societies, and creative concerns from public institutions should be necessary in the face of the so-called heart failure epidemic around the world and in Korea.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was identified the level of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students of a domestic university, to develop an prevention educational program designed to improve the level of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis. METHODS: This study used a descriptive design in the foreign students of Soonchunhyang University. The participants were 118 foreign students, measurements included a socio-demographic and knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis. Data were collected from November to December, 2016, with a self-reported questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 24.0 software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students were 16.05 (±4.52), 3.20 (±0.38). The knowledge on tuberculosis for foreign students was significantly different in country (F=11.76, P < 0.001), fatigue (t=2.40, P=0.018), smoking (t=2.45, P=0.016). The attitudes on tuberculosis for foreign students was significantly different in country (F=9.94, P < 0.001), fatigue (t=2.25, P=0.026). In the correlation analysis, the knowledge (r=0.760) positively correlated with the attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These finding indicate that development of educational programs to improve the level of knowledge, attitudes on tuberculosis for the foreign students. Also, future research needed to development the tuberculosis prevention educational programs.

No abstract available.
Heart Neoplasms*

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rarely identified entity whose exact incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, medium-term evolution and optimal treatment have not yet been firmly estabilished. The cause of spontaneous disection remains unclear but theories of etiology include a medial eosinophilic angiitis, pregnancy induced degeneration of collagen and rupture of the vasovasoum. Most paients die suddenly, but a clinical spectrum is seen including and unstable angina, myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. We experienced 4 cases with spontaneous coronary artery dissection found angiographically which caused myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Our patients were treated medically.
Angina, Unstable ; Collagen ; Coronary Vessels ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Pregnancy ; Rupture ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Vasculitis