No abstract available.
Turner Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

PURPOSE:The clinical course in adult autoimmune thyroiditis varies: both transient and intermittent hypothyroidism occur during the course of disease and spontaneous recoveries from the hypothyroid state has been described. To determine whether these kinds of variations occur in the course of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and whether the size of thyroid gland, or immunologic measurement such as thyroid antibodies correlated with the course or outcome of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. METHODS:Fifty six patients (54 girls) who attended the clinic between 1986 and 1996 were followed during 36 months prospectively. The clinical diagnosis of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was confirmed by Fisher et al.(1975) criteria in all patients. Assessment of thyroid function was based on clinical diagnosis and on the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine. Physical examination, thyroid function test and antithyroid antibody test were evaluated with 6 months intervals. RESULTS:Initially, 27 patients were euthyroid, 19 compensatory hypothyroidism and 10 overt hypothyroidism. At the end of follow up, 31 patients were euthyroid, 11 compensatory hypothyroidism and 14 overt hypothyroidism. On one or more occasions, 92.7% of the patients had positive results for thyroid antibodies. Overt hypothyroidism at the end of follow up correlated with the initial thyroid states and with detection of thyroglobulin antibodies. CONCLUSIONS:The best predictors of the final hypothyroid state were initial hypothyroidism and detection of thyroglobulin antibodies.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hashimoto Disease* ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: To evaluate leptin values in placental cord blood of newborns with normal intruterine growth after 30 weeks of gestation and to study the relationship of leptin with gestational age, birth size, ponderal index, BMI, placental weight, gender difference, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I(IGF-I) and Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3). METHODS: Ninety healthy newborns(49 males and 41 females) with normal intrauterine growth were studied. They were classified into 4 groups according to the gestational age(GA):group I(30-33 weeks GA, n=17), group II(34-36 weeks GA, n= 24), group III(37-39 weeks GA, n=32) and group IV(40-42 weeks GA, n=17). At the time of delivery, newborn infant' weight, length, head circumference and placental weight were measured and BMI, ponderal index were calculated. A venous cord blood sample was collected at the time of delivery and serum leptin(RIA), IGF-I (IRMA) and IGFBP-3(IRMA) were measured. RESULTS: Cord blood leptin correlated positively with gestational age(r=0.730, P>0.01), body weight(r=0.686, P<0.01), length(r=0.419, P<0.01), head circumference(r= 0.498, P<0.01), BMI(r=0.750, P<0.01), ponderal index(r=0.704, P<0.01), placental weight(r=0.536, P<0.01), IGF-I(r=307, P<0.01) and IGFBP-3(r=0.736, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed BMI, IGFBP-3 and sex(female) were independent predictors of leptin values. Leptin values increased progressively throughout gestation. Mean leptin values of group II(3.90+/-.28ng/mL) were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of group I(1.92+/-.09ng/mL) and also values of group III(5.37+/-.52ng/mL) were higher than those of group II(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between group III and group IV(6.45+/-.36ng/mL). Mean leptin values in females(5.07+/-.54ng/mL, n=41) were significantly higher than in males(4.07+/-.76 ng/mL, n=49) but there was no inter-gender difference in body weight, BMI, ponderal index, IGF-I, IGFBP-3. In addition, mean leptin values in females(7.45+/-.07 ng/mL) were significantly higher than in males(5.02+/-.09ng/mL) after 40 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: BMI, IGFBP-3 and sex(female) were independent predictors of leptin values. Leptin values increased significantly after 34 weeks of gestation and females had higher leptin values than males, especially in fullterm newborns. Leptin values in newborns had higher correlations with IGFBP-3 than with IGF-I as gestational age increased.
Body Weight ; Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Leptin* ; Linear Models ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fetal Growth Retardation* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans

Prader-Willi(PW)syndrome is characterized by obesity, hypotonia, mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature, excessive eating and characteristic facial appearance. Diabetes mellitus has been considered a component of PW syndrome. Recently this syndrome is caused by the absence of paternally derived genes normally located on chromosome segment 15 q11-q13 or may be the result of maternal uniparental disomy with the absence of paternally derived 15 q11-q13 region. The developement of probes containing segments of DNA from chromosome region 15 q11-q13 provides the oppotunity to confirm the diagnosis of PW syndrome by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). We experienced a 15-year-old boy of PW syndrome with diabetes mellitus, who revealed mental retardation, hypogonadism, obesity and microdeletion of chromosome 15 q11-q13 comfirmed by FISH.
Adolescent ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Eating ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Uniparental Disomy

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare because of high resistance to bacterial infection of thyroid gland, which is rich vascularity and lymphatic drainage, a high iodine content and complete encapsulation. The common clinical manifestations are fever, neck pain and localized mass of thyroid area. This thyroiditis is more common in left thyroid lobe. The most important causal microorganism are staphylococci and streptococci, with frequent isolation of mixed flora and anaerobes. Diagnosis was easily made by typical clinical manifestation, ultrasonography, thyroid imaging and fine needle aspiration. Treatment usually consist of appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage when abscess formation develops. We report a typical case of acute suppurative thyroiditis in 1 year old female infant with brief review of literatures.
Abscess ; Bacterial Infections ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodine ; Neck Pain ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative* ; Ultrasonography

46,XX male is a rare abnormality of sex determination with an incidence of 1 in 20,000 male neonates. The clinical manifestations of 46,XX males are usually hypogonadism, gynecomastia, azoospermia, and hyalinations of seminiferous tubules, with altered hormonal levels at puberty. Less frequently, some sexual ambiguities are found, always with sterility owing to reduced testicular development. The origin of male phenotype in 46,XX male could be the results of at least three different mechanisms:translocations of Y sequence, including the SRY gene, to an X chromosome or to an autosome(about 90% of cases); a mutation in a yet unknown X-linked or autosomal gene in the testis-determinating pathway, and cryptic Y chromosome mosacism. We experienced a case of SRY-positive 46,XX male in a 21-year-old man with small testes. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2003;8:184-188)
Adolescent ; Azoospermia ; Genes, sry ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infertility ; Male* ; Phenotype ; Puberty ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; Young Adult

46,XX male is a rare abnormality of sex determination with an incidence of 1 in 20,000 male neonates. The clinical manifestations of 46,XX males are usually hypogonadism, gynecomastia, azoospermia, and hyalinations of seminiferous tubules, with altered hormonal levels at puberty. Less frequently, some sexual ambiguities are found, always with sterility owing to reduced testicular development. The origin of male phenotype in 46,XX male could be the results of at least three different mechanisms:translocations of Y sequence, including the SRY gene, to an X chromosome or to an autosome(about 90% of cases); a mutation in a yet unknown X-linked or autosomal gene in the testis-determinating pathway, and cryptic Y chromosome mosacism. We experienced a case of SRY-positive 46,XX male in a 21-year-old man with small testes. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2003;8:184-188)
Adolescent ; Azoospermia ; Genes, sry ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infertility ; Male* ; Phenotype ; Puberty ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; Young Adult