No abstract available.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices*

No abstract available.
Splenectomy*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Vaccination*

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare disease both in adults and in children. Most of these tumors are functional, especially in children, producing endocrine syndromes such as virilization, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or feminization. We experienced a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma in a 7yr old boy who showed features of virilization such as rapid growth rate, penile enlargement, and pubic hair. This case was diagnosed with typical hormonal findings and abdominal MRI and confirmed by pathologic findings. He was successfully treated by total left adrenalectomy and has been followed up without problem over eight months.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Child ; Cushing Syndrome ; Feminization ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Virilism

The skin defect with sensory impairment of volar aspect of fingers should be reconstructed for the better function of hand. The Neurovascular island graft has been used to provide sensation to volar surface the thumb and to replace pulp tissues avulsed from thumb or index finger. Authors performed neurovascular island graft for defective sensibility of finger tip loss in 14 cases since Jun. 1979 to Mar. 1985. The donor flaps were obtained from the ring finger in 9 cases and middle finger in 5 cases. Among 14 cases, the donor flaps were taken from the ulnar side of 3rd and 4th finger in 11 cases. We followed up the the patients from 7 months to 4 years and 6months and in last follow-up, recovery of protective sensation such as sharp/blunt discrimination, temperature discrimination, and touch/stroke discrimination, was good but two point discrimination and reorientation of sensa-tion were poor. Cold intolerance was developed in 11 cases, and longitudial linear scar band of donor digit was demonstrated in 12 cases.
Cicatrix ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Sensation ; Skin ; Thumb ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

BACKGROUNDS: Since the advent of MRI, cavernous angioma has been recognized as an important cause of chronic epilepsy. However, the natural course or optimal treatment strategies of chronic epilepsy with cavernous angioma have not been established yet. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the Yonsei Epilepsy Data Bank and found 13 patients with characteristic MR findings of cavernous angioma who have been followed at the Yonsei Epilepsy Clinics for longer than one year. The clinical variables and outcome of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The subjects consisted of 7 men and 6 women. The age of seizure-onset was approximately 21 years old and the duration of seizure were 9 years. All patients in this study had small(< 2cm) and single cavernous angioma and the majority of lesions(9/13) were located in the temporal lobe. One patient also had hippocampal atrophy and another two had combined venous malformations. After adequate trials of antiepileptic drug therapy, 5 patients became seizure free, 2 patients showed worthwhile improvement and the remaining 6 patients did not have any improvement. The withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs was tried in two patients after seizure free period of 3 years but seizure recurred in all patients. Epilepsy surgery had been performed in two patients. One patient who had the left hippocampal atrophy has been remain seizure free after a standard anterior temporal lobectomy but the other patient who had performed a lesionectomy alone did not improve after surgery. During the period of follow up for about 36 months, no symptomatic bleeding had been occurred in any patiet included to the study. CONCLUSION: The incidence of hemorrhagic events in chronic epilepsy patients with cavernous angioma is extremely low. About half of the patients can be adequately managed by antiepileptic drugs therapy but the chance of successful withdrawal of AEDs seems slim.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ; Anticonvulsants ; Atrophy ; Drug Therapy ; Epilepsy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe ; Young Adult

The authors outline the method of orchiopexy and report the results of orchiopexy performed on 79 cases (113 testes) of cryptorchism. A. Method of orchiopexy 1) In inguinal oblique skin incision, while noting frequent keloid formation, no keloid formation was noted as the lower abdominal transverse incision. 2) It was easy to descend testes to the base of the scrotal sac by performing orchidofuniculolysis sufficiently. 3) Of the several methods of orchiopexy, dartos pouch method was most ideal. B. Operative results on the 79 cases (113 testes) of cryptorchism are as follows. 1) Of the 113 testes, there were noted sufficient descent to the scrotal base in 108 testes, and somewhat insufficient descent in 5 testes. 2) In the consideration that 5 case of unsufficient descent in the group of type IV which was not detectable on manual palpation, sufficient orchidofuniculolysis should be carried out preoperatively regarding difficulties in sufficient descent. C. While operation time of cryptorchism being 4-5 years old as a rule, 25% or so are performed at 1-5 years old in authors' cases. So more active instruction should be considered.
Cryptorchidism ; Keloid ; Male ; Orchiopexy* ; Palpation ; Skin ; Testis

BACKGROUND: Paraquat is a widely used herbicide, known to cause lethal toxicity in humans. Most studies about paraquat have concentrated on systemic toxicity, however several cases of paraquat-induced dermatitis have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to confirm the cutaneous toxic effect of paraquat and to select potential antidotes in paraquat-induced dermatitis. METHODS: Keratinocyte toxicity due to paraquat and the toxicity reduction capacity of several drugs were investigated in eitro. Topical effects of these drugs on paraquat-induced dermatitis in guinea pig skin was also investigated. RESULTS: Over 50% of keratinocytes failed to survive at a concentration of 2X10-4M paraquat by a neutral red uptake assay. Skin irritation by paraquat was observed at 2% concentration by non-invasive methods as well as a skin biopsy. Dexamethasone, glutathione and tocopherol showed some capacity to reduce paraquat-induced keratinocyte toxicity in vitro. Only dexamethasone, however, showed a reduction of cutaneous blood flow volume and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration in the guinea pig study. CONCLUSION: This result indicates the possible in eitro protective effect of paraquat toxicity in glutathione and tocopherol. Dexamethasone was capable of reducing paraquat-induced cytotoxicity and dermatitis both in vitro and in vivo.
Animals ; Antidotes* ; Biopsy ; Dermatitis ; Dexamethasone ; Glutathione ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Keratinocytes ; Neutral Red ; Paraquat* ; Skin* ; Tocopherols

Followings are the results obtained from the observation on the microangiograms and Geon D11 Alatex molding casts in the rabbit, canine and Korean human Kidneys. 1. The findings of microangiograms in the rabbit and canine Kidneys are uniform interlobar arteries run toward lateral border of Kidney in radiating form without branching, divide the Kidney into similar sized segments and segmental distribution is evident. The arcuate arteries arising from the interlobar arteries run toward lateral border to form numerous interlobular arteries, make angle nearly horizontal with av. 152.8 degree in rabbit and with av. 151.6 degree in canine. In Korean human Kidney, it is difficult to confirm the interlobar arteries and arcuate arteries because of ununiform size and length of these. And the angle between arcuate arteries is sharp with av. 40.6 degree. 2. The findings of the molding casts in rabbit and canine Kidneys are that interlobar arteries running toward lateral border of Kidney with radiating form are evident, which are 6-9 branches from anterior division and 5-7 from posterior in rabbit and 7-9 from anterior and 5-7 from posterior in canine. The angle between arcuate arteries dividing from interlobar arteries with right angle is nearly horizontal with av. 162.3 degree in rabbit and with av. 159.8 degree in canine. The numerous interlobular arteries arise from arcuate artery with right angle. In Korean human Kidneys it is difficult to confirm interlobar arteries which are 2-4 branches originating from anterior because of ununiform size and length of these. And the angle between arcuate arteries in sharp degree with av. 43.7 degree. 3. The renal collecting system which has close relation to are pathway of interlobar arteries by molding casts shows that calyces are symmetrical, 2 rows and regular in rabbit and canine Kidneys while irregular in human. 4. Nephrotomy line, that is, junction of anterior and posterior division blood supply in the Kidney by molding casts is different between canine and human. Nephrotomy line in human is in posterior aspect of lateral border of Kidney almost 2/3 but there is no avascular area in the lateral borden of Kidney, the so called Brodels line as advocated by Brodel because interlobular arteries branching from arcuate arteries are interdigitated together as end arteries. 5. Gross anatomic differences of renal vasculature among rabbit, canine and human on the basis of microangiograms and molding casts suggest that rabbit and canine may not be suitable subjects for surgical experimentation.
Arteries* ; Fungi ; Humans* ; Kidney* ; Polyvinyl Chloride ; Renal Artery ; Running