No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Lower Extremity* ; Venous Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Carotid Arteries*

The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) demonstrated the superiority of endarterectomy over medical management for symptomatic carotid stenosis of 70-99%. More recently, the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) showed a statistically significant reduction in stroke incidence after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in asymptomatic carotid stenosis of 60-99%. But CEA has not been frequently performed in Korea. We reviewed the 38 CEA cases which were performed from November 1994 to September 1996 in respect to clinical presentations, findings of brain and neurovascular imaging, and complications. The risk factors were hypertension in 25 patients, hyperlipidemia in 23, smoking in 20, transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 20, minor stroke in 12, heart disease in 17 (coronary artery disease in 16 and sick sinus syndrome in 1), and DM in 13. The clinical presentations of 28 symptomatic carotid stenosis included hemispheric TIA in 17 patients, retinal TIA in 2, and minor stroke in 9. Of 10 asymptomatic carotid stenosis included coronary heart disease in 7 patients, asymptomatic carotid bruit in 3, posterior cerebral artery territory infarction in 4, and vascular claudication in 1. The degrees of carotid artery stenosis were measured by use of the linear-based methods of NASCET on the selected carotid angiography. The locations of carotid artery stenosis were near the bifurcation area in 28 cases, proximal ICA in 9, and common carotid artery in 1. Four out of 9 cases with proximal ICA stenosis at above 2 cm distal to bifurcation had long segmental stenosis more than 3 cm in length. Among them 3 cases had separated multi-segmental stenosis of proximal ICA. CEA was performed unilaterally in 28 patients and bilaterally in 5. Thirty0eight CEAs had carotid artery stenosis of 70-99% in 25 cases (4 had ulceration), 50-69% in 7 (2 had ulceration), 30-49% in 3 (all had ulceration), and 0-29% in 3 (all had ulceration). Of 38 CEAs 7 cases had stenosis (>50%) and/or occlusion of intracranial arteries and 15 had stenosis and/or occlusion of contralateral carotid artery. Peri-operative complications included minor ischemic stroke in 1 case, death in 1, and frontal lobe syndrome in 1.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Disease ; Endarterectomy ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Frontal Lobe ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Korea ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Retinaldehyde ; Risk Factors ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Angioplasty* ; Endarterectomy, Carotid*

The purpose of the present study is to measure the viscosity of liquid in the capillary tube viscometer using the unsteady flow concept. The capillary tube viscometer is consisted of a small cylindrical reservoir, capillary tubes, and the mass flow rate measuring system interfaced with computer. Two capillary tubes with 1.152 and 3.002 mm (inner diameter) are used to determine the diameter effects on the viscosity measurements. The instantaneous shear rate and gravitational driving force in the capillary tube are determined by measuring the mass flow rate through the capillary tube instantaneously. The measured viscosities of water and aqueous Separan solution as the blood analogue fluid are in good agreement with the reported experimental data.
Capillaries* ; Viscosity* ; Water

PURPOSE: Endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to continuous shear stress due to the blood flow. Heat shock protein (hsp) 70 is a well-known stress-response protein. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of hsp70 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by shear stress. METHOD: The pattern of hsp70 was investigated by the in vitro laminar flow system and its image was analyzed by PV-WAVE software program. The image of heat shock-induced hsp70 expression was analyzed and compared with that of shear stress-induced hsp70 expression. RESULT: Under the condition of shear stress produced by flow, the ECs change their morphology and lineup along the flow direction. As to expression of flow stress-induced hsp70, it was accumulated in perinuclear region of endothelial cells, which is different from heat shock-induced hsp70 exression. CONCLUSION: ECs alignment along the direction of the flow shear stress and changes their phenotype are due to the remodeling of the actin microfilaments. Perinuclear expression of hsp70 may play an important roles in this shear stress induced remodeling response.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Endothelial Cells* ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Phenotype

PURPOSE: Dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA) is a common and serious complication of lymphedema which deteriorates lymphatic function. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of DLA by lymphoscintigraphy in patients with lower extremity lymphedema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 59 edematous lower extremities of 50 patients without previous episode of DLA and 12 lower extremities of 6 controls. Whole body images were acquired 1 min and 2 hr after subcutaneous injection of 37 MBq of Tc-99m-antimony sulfide colloid into interdigital spaces of both feet before therapy for lymphedema. The lymphosintigraphic and clinical variables were compared between groups were or without occurrence of DLA during clinical follow up. RESULTS: Thre were 20 episodes of DLA in 12 extremities during clinical follow-up (19+/-6 months). On univariate analysis, there were significant differences in ilioinguinal lymph node uptake, uptake pattern of main lymphatic vessel, clinical stage and therapy compliance between the two groups. After multivariate analysis, only the uptake pattern of main lymphatic vessel and therapy compliance were confirmed to be independent variables. In other words, non-visualized main lymphatic vessel and poor compliance to therapy were more frequent in extremities with subsequent occurrence of DLA. CONCLUSION: Lymphoscintigraphy can be used to predict the risk of DLA and may thus be helpful for determining the initial therapeutic plan in patients with lower extremity lymphedema.
Body Image ; Colloids ; Compliance ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Lower Extremity* ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphedema* ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Assessment*

Strokes are responsible for major disability among its survivors, adding immense cost not only in terms of health care, but also in terms of the quality of life. The carotid endarterectomy to prevent strokes is commonly performed in Western countries. But in Asian countries, carotid endarterectomy is not commonly performed even on the symptomatic carotid stenosis patients. 26 male and 5 female patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy due to extracranial carotid stenosis from January 1995 through January 1996 were reviewed. The mean age was 67.2 +/- 6.6 years. 14 cases (45.2%) operated on right side and 17 cases (54.8%) operated on left side. The mean carotid stenosis according to luminal diameter reduction was 81.3 +/- 11.1%. Symptomatic cases, including transient ischemic attack, were 26 cases (83.9%) and five were asymptomatic cases (16.1%). Only two cases did not use carotid shunt during carotid clamping. Eight cases (25.8%) showed an abnormal intraoperative EEG pattern in the carotid shunting group. The average operation time was 173+/-36 minutes. The perioperative mortality was zero. Two postoperatively patients suffered from transient ischemic attack. One patient developed myocardial infarction. Vocal cord palsy developed in three patients. With the Westernization of Korean life style, the incidence of atherosclerosis disease has been on the rise. In this study, we report the experiences of 31 cases of carotid endarterectomy in our institute.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Constriction ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Delivery of Health Care ; Electroencephalography ; Endarterectomy* ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Quality of Life ; Stroke ; Survivors ; Vocal Cord Paralysis