Consecutive anesthesia records of transurethral resection. (TUR) on 97 patients have been reviewed. The patients' anesthetic management and complications were discussed. Operations in this series were classified as follows: 65 cases of TUR of the benign prostate hypertrophy(BPH), 8 cases of TUR of prostate ca, 24 cases of TUR of the bladder tumor. Of all the 97 cases of TUR, 62 cases had some systemic disease. Circulatory diseases, such as hypertension, abnormal EKG and ischemic heart disease were encountered most frequently, namely in 24 cases(26%). The patients who underwent TUR of the BPH had the highest mean age(70 years old). Spinal anesthesia was given 79.4%, and general anesthesia in 18. 6%. Complications did not occur during or after TUR. There was no death associated with anesthesia and operation in this study.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Prostate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Convulsive status epilepticus(SE) is a serious, life-threatening neurological condition that requires immediate treatment to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of SE in the last two decades, SE in young infancy is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding the varied etiology and clinical presentation and prognosis of SE is very important for improving the methods of evaluation and treatment of this major neurological condition. METHODS: Eighty-eight cases with 53 who have been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Fatima Hospital during the period of July, 1992 to June, 1997 were included. We described age distribution, etiologic classification according to age, seizure type, neurologic outcome, recurrence of SE and epileptic seizure. RESULTS: SE was frequent in young infant less than 3 years of age. Major etiology of SE was acute symptomatic(34.1%) and febrile(31.8%). In the seizure type, the majority(92.1%) was generalized convulsive, many cases(69.3%) of SE were first seizures. The neurologic sequelae were found in 15.9% and mortality rate in 5.7%. The neurologic sequelae and mortality were higher in acute symptomatic. In sixty-three follow-up cases, eleven cases were epileptic seizure, eight cases were recurred SE and two cases were recurred febrile SE. CONCLUSION: SE is a life-threatening neurological condition and occurrs mostly in young infants less than 3 years of age. It requires immediate detection of etiology in SE and aggressive treatment for reducing mortality and morbidity rates.
Age Distribution ; Child* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Mortality ; Pediatrics ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

PURPOSE: A telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation was identified in thyroid cancer. This TERT promoter mutation is thought to be a prognostic molecular marker, because its association with tumor aggressiveness, persistence/recurrence, and disease-specific mortality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been reported. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the impact of the TERT promoter mutation on PTC persistence/recurrence is independent of clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using propensity score matching, 39 patients with PTC persistence or recurrence were matched with 35 patients without persistence or recurrence, with a similar age, sex, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. The TERT promoter and the BRAF V600E mutations were identified from PTC samples. RESULTS: The TERT promoter mutation was detected in 18% of PTC patients (13/74). No significant difference in the frequency of the TERT promoter mutation was observed between the persistence/recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the prognostic implications of the TERT promoter mutation are dependent on clinicopathological parameters.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Propensity Score ; Recurrence ; Telomerase ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

The authors experienced a case of myoglobinuria accompanied by generalized myalgia and mild fever that developed 3 hours 30 minutes after general anesthesia. Tracheal intubation was done smoothly 5 minutes after injection of thiopental sodium(275 mg) and pancuronium bromide(6 mg), and anesthesia was maintained with ethrane/N2O/O2(1.5-2%/21/21/min). There was no specific event except tachycardia and fluctuation of blood pressure throughout operation. In this case, we assume that the myoglobinuria is a presentation of the sign of an abortive type of malignant hyperthermia. However, it was not confirmed. We had good patient outeome with the supportive measures of hydration and diuresis. The patient was discharged twenty three days after operation without any complication.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Pressure ; Diuresis ; Fever ; Humans ; Intubation ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; Myalgia ; Myoglobinuria* ; Pancuronium ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

Oncocytic neoplasm of the head and neck region accounts for approximately 1% of all salivary gland tumors, but only 5% of oncocytic neoplasm is malignant. Oncocytic carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland is exceedingly rare. We encountered a sixty seven-year-old male patient who presented with multiple mass in the right neck. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed a salivary gland tumor of predominantly oncocytic form, and a differential diagnosis included oncocytic adenoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A right submandibular gland resection and modified radical neck dissection were performed. Histologically, the tumor cells showed nuclear pleomorphism, and stromal invasion, which were compatible with oncocytic carcinoma. After surgery, the entire neck region was irradiated. Seventeen months after the initial surgery, multiple metastases to the bone and lung were detected from the incidental pathologic bone fracture of the right humerus; palliative chemotherapy was performed to resolve this. We report a case of oncocytic carcinoma in the submandibular gland with a review of literature.
Adenoma ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fractures, Bone ; Head ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Salivary Glands ; Submandibular Gland ; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms

PURPOSE: In patients with independent mobility, full hip range of motion and sufficient muscle strength for daily life without cognitive impairment, treatment of a femoral neck fracture with total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be a better option compared to bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty. Here, functional outcomes and complications in patients who underwent THA for femoral neck fracture based on their comorbidity status were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2018, 110 patients were treated with THA for femoral neck fractures at our institution. These patients were retrospectively analyzed for clinical outcomes at final follow-up (mean=24.4 months, range: 6–81 months) using the Harris hip score (HHS) and the presence or absence of two potential comorbidities: i) diabetes mellitus (DM; 35 with and 75 without) and ii) hypertension (HTN; 50 with and 60 without). RESULTS: The incidence of superficial infections at the surgical site in patients with DM was significantly higher compared with patients without DM (P=0.024). There were no significant differences in other potential complications based on DM status. HHS at final follow-up between patients with and without DM and with and without HTN were not significantly different (83.3 vs. 81.0, P=0.39 and 81.6 vs. 82.4, P=0.75, respectively). CONCLUSION: Superficial infections occurred more frequently in patients with DM compared with patients without DM. DM and HTN status are not correlated with HHS.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Cognition Disorders ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Muscle Strength ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Pigs are promising donor species for xenotransplantation. This study was performed to examine acute cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity in a pig model. METHODS: Adult pigs were treated daily for 1 week with vehicle (VH), or 7.5 mg/kg (CsA7.5), 15 mg/kg (CsA15), and 30 mg/kg (CsA30) CsA. The renal function, electrolyte levels, whole- blood CsA levels, and histopathological results (vacuolization and tubulointerstitial fibrosis) were compared among the different treatment groups. RESULTS: After 1 week of treatment, it was found that CsA induced characteristic lesions that were remarkably similar to those of chronic CsA nephropathy in humans. Compared with the results obtained for the VH group, CsA reduced renal function and yielded poor histopathological results. With an increase in the CsA concentration, the renal function and histological parameters worsened in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The study showed that CsA dose-dependently induced renal injury in a pig model. These results provide basic data to estimate or prevent the adverse renal effects of immunosuppressants during porcine xenotransplantation in the future.
Adult ; Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Swine ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate the cause, magnitude and transmission route of the cholera outbreak in 2001. METHODS: The study population were those persons who ingested foods at the restaurant, were confirmed as cholera patients, had symptoms of diarrhea and served as workers at the restaurant. A questionnaire survey and microbiological examinations on the microbes isolated from rectal swabs were conducted. Of the cases, 316 food histories were surveyed by an analysis of the restaurant menu. RESUJLTS: There were 139 confirmed cases of cholera reported in Korea in 2001. Of these, 104 were related to the restaurant. By region, Gyeongsangbuk-do had the highest incidence with 91 cases. Of these 91 cases, 74 had ingested foods at the restaurant, 2 were employees and 3 were secondary infection cases within the families. The results of the odds ratio analysis of the 316 persons having ingested foods at the restaurant were as follows: sandwiches 5.07 (95% CI, 1.85-14.59), soybean curd 2.45 (95% CI, 1.09-5.56), noodles 2.34 (95% CI, 1.24-4.42), steamed squid 2.01 (95% CI, 1.17-3.47) and vinegared rice 1.82 (95% CI, 1.08-3.09). It was certain the restaurant in question was the cause of the 2001 outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: We suspected that more than one restaurant employee contaminated foods served at the restaurant. In addition, eating raw fishes purchased at the Pohang Fisheries infected the employees of the restaurant. There is a possibility that these raw fishes were themselves contaminated by cholera bacilli in the sea.
Acetic Acid ; Cholera* ; Coinfection ; Decapodiformes ; Diarrhea ; Disease Outbreaks ; Eating ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restaurants ; Soybeans ; Steam

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate the cause, magnitude and transmission route of the cholera outbreak in 2001. METHODS: The study population were those persons who ingested foods at the restaurant, were confirmed as cholera patients, had symptoms of diarrhea and served as workers at the restaurant. A questionnaire survey and microbiological examinations on the microbes isolated from rectal swabs were conducted. Of the cases, 316 food histories were surveyed by an analysis of the restaurant menu. RESUJLTS: There were 139 confirmed cases of cholera reported in Korea in 2001. Of these, 104 were related to the restaurant. By region, Gyeongsangbuk-do had the highest incidence with 91 cases. Of these 91 cases, 74 had ingested foods at the restaurant, 2 were employees and 3 were secondary infection cases within the families. The results of the odds ratio analysis of the 316 persons having ingested foods at the restaurant were as follows: sandwiches 5.07 (95% CI, 1.85-14.59), soybean curd 2.45 (95% CI, 1.09-5.56), noodles 2.34 (95% CI, 1.24-4.42), steamed squid 2.01 (95% CI, 1.17-3.47) and vinegared rice 1.82 (95% CI, 1.08-3.09). It was certain the restaurant in question was the cause of the 2001 outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: We suspected that more than one restaurant employee contaminated foods served at the restaurant. In addition, eating raw fishes purchased at the Pohang Fisheries infected the employees of the restaurant. There is a possibility that these raw fishes were themselves contaminated by cholera bacilli in the sea.
Acetic Acid ; Cholera* ; Coinfection ; Decapodiformes ; Diarrhea ; Disease Outbreaks ; Eating ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restaurants ; Soybeans ; Steam

BACKGROUND: We wanted to identify the presence of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha in Sertoli cells and gain insight on the regulation of the ER alpha gene expression by testosterone in Sertoli cells. The transcriptional regulation of the ER alpha gene was investigated in primary Sertoli cell cultures by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Primary Sertoli cell culture was performed. The expression levels of ER alpha and ER beta mRNA in Sertoli cells were detected by Northern blot, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The ovary, testis and epididymis showed a moderate to high expression of ER alpha while the prostate, ovary and LNCap cells showed the ER beta expression. ER alpha mRNA and protein were detected in the germ cells and Sertoli cells by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. The level of ER alpha mRNA was gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner after testosterone treatment, and the changes of ER alpha mRNA were dependent on the concentration of testosterone. Androgen binding protein and testosterone-repressive prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) mRNA were reduced at 24 hour by estradiol, while the transferrin mRNA was not affected. ER alpha mRNA was strongly detectable in the testes of 7 days-old-rats, but it was gradually decreased from 14 to 21 days of age. The primary Sertoli cells also showed the same pattern. The ER alpha gene expression was also regulated by testosterone in the Sertoli cells prepared from the 14- and 21-day old rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ER alpha is transcriptionally regulated by testosterone and it may play some role in the Sertoli cells.
Androgen-Binding Protein ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Epididymis ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Receptor alpha* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Germ Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Ovary ; Prostate ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Sertoli Cells* ; Testis ; Testosterone* ; Transferrin