Antifungal bacteria for biological control of plant diseases or production of novel antibiotics to plant pathogens were isolated in 1997 from various soils of Ansung, Chunan, Koyang, and Paju in Korea. Sixty-four bacterial strains pre-screened from approximately 1,400 strains were tested on V-8 juice agar against eight plant pathogenic fungi using in vitro bioassay technique for inhibition of mycelial growth. Test pathogens were Alternaria mali, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. orbiculare, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Magnaporthe grisea, Phytophthora capsici, and Rhizoctonia solani. A wide range of antifungal activity of bacterial strains was found against the pathogenic fungi, and strain RC-B77 showed the best antifungal activity. Correlation analysis between inhibition of each fungus and mean inhibition of all eight fungi by 64 bacterial strains revealed that C. gloeosporioides would be best appropriate for detecting bacterial strains producing antibiotics with potential as biocontrol agents for plant pathogens.
Agar ; Alternaria ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria* ; Biological Assay ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Colletotrichum ; Fungi ; Fusarium ; Gyeonggi-do ; Korea ; Magnaporthe ; Mali ; Mass Screening* ; Phytophthora ; Plant Diseases ; Plants* ; Rhizoctonia ; Soil*

No abstract available.
Carcinogenesis* ; Colorectal Neoplasms*

Rupture of the trachea as a result of external trauma is well documented. But, rupture of the membranous trachea following tracheal intubation has been infrequently noted. Risk factors associated with tracheobronchial rupture include inexperienced endoscopists, intubating stylets, multiple vigorous attempts at intubation, tracheal abnormalities, overdistension of tracheal or bronchial cuff with high pressure, low volume cuffs, and old age. We report a case of tracheal rupture occurred during one lung ventilation using Robertshaw double-lumen endotracheal tube for right upper lobe lobectomy. The etiology and treatment are discussed and the recent literature is reviewed.
Intubation ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Risk Factors ; Rupture* ; Trachea

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to evaluate effect and efficiency of selective spinal nerve root block for neuropathic pain patients with lower leg radiating pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 113 patients were evaluated and follow-up periods were a minimum of 12 months. They were divided into two groups: group A included 41 patients with neuropathic pain and group B included 72 patients with simple lower leg radiating pain. RESULTS: Fourteen (34.1%) patients in group A and 45 (62.5%) patients in group B had favorable results for selective spinal nerve block (p<0.05). Visual analog scale (VAS) was improved from 7.57 to 5.23 at 12 months in group A and from 7.11 to 3.49 at 12 months in group B. CONCLUSION: The initial treatment period for group A was significantly later than in group B. For patients with neuropathic pain and radiculopathy, early assessment was recommended and early selective spinal nerve block could be a good treatment option for neuropathic pain patients.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg ; Neuralgia* ; Radiculopathy* ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Spinal Nerves ; Visual Analog Scale

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomic and functional changes of submucous cleft palate operated with Furlow palatoplasty. A total of 36 patients with submucous cleft palate underwent Furlow palatoplasty from 1993 to 1998. The mean follow-up period was 5 years 3 months. Midfacial growth was measured using lateral cephalograms in 18 patients, whose age was older than 8 years of age. Speech analyses were performed in 25 patients by the same speech pathologist for the degrees of nasality and articulation. The parameters obtained in the lateral cephalogram were compared with a healthy population in Korea. ANS-PNS was in 61.1% within the clinical normal range for the age group. SNA and SNB were in 55.6% within the normal range. ANB was in 72.2% and Ba-PNS was 50.0% within the range. The postoperative nasality scores of open vowels and round vowels were 24.2% and 25.2%, respectively, which were lower than preoperative scores. The mean articulation accuracy value was 92.9% which was higher than preoperative value. Our results suggest that Furlow palatoplasty is a useful procedure as the initial treatment of the submucous cleft palate and has the advantages in both aspects of speech results and facial growth.
Cleft Palate* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Reference Values

The current authors performed two-stage ear reconstruction of microtia using autogenous costal cartilage combined with canaloplasty of the acoustic meatus in a team approach. In the first stage, lobule transposition, fabrication of the cartilage framework, and implantation of the framework were peformed. In the second stage, elevation of the auricle, cartilage graft for posterior auricular sulcus, coverage with the mastoid fascia flap and skin graft, and concha excavation were performed. The canaloplasty was combined simultaneously in patients with radiologic and audiometric evidence of cochlear function in the second stage. A total of 36 consecutive patients with congenital microtia were treated from 1998 to 2003. Among them, 27 patients(male: 18, female: 9) ranging from 7 to 43 years old were combined with canaloplasty. The follow-up period was one year to 5 years. Thirteen patients exhibited improved hearing over 30 dB PTA(pure tone average), 9 patients below 30 dB, and 5 patients with no improvement. Complications related to the canaloplasty were chronic drainages of the auditory meatus and meatal stenosis. Lobule type deformity combined with the canaloplasty showed higher complications than concha type. Therefore, in the lobule type, meticulous manipulation is necessary to reduce complications after the canaloplasty.
Acoustics ; Adult ; Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Ear* ; Fascia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Skin ; Transplants

A 17-year-old man was admitted with a complaint of knee pain. He was diagnosed with Wilson disease by ophthalmologic and laboratory studies during hospitalization. Initial plain radiography of both knees showed multiple osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) on the medial and lateral femoral condyles of both knees. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple OCDs, which were symmetric on both knees. Subchondral cysts on the medial condyle and trochlear dysplasia were additionally evident on both femurs. We report this case with a focus on the imaging findings.
Adolescent ; Bone Cysts ; Femur ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Osteochondritis ; Radiography

The prevalence of aneurysm formation in adults with Moyamoya disease (MMD) is higher than that in the general population. The treatment strategy is often individualized based on the patient’s disease characteristics. A 22-year-old man was diagnosed with MMD after presenting a small thalamic intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the quadrigeminal cistern. Cerebral angiography revealed a small aneurysm (2.42 mm) in the left anterior choroidal artery. Since the hemodynamics in the left hemisphere was compromised, an indirect bypass surgery was performed. The patient’s condition deteriorated postoperatively because of poor perfusion of the internal carotid artery, and massive hydration was required. During neurocritical care, the aneurysm increased in size (5.33 mm). An observation strategy was adopted because of the distal aneurysmal location and the high risk involved. Subsequently, the patient recovered, and newly developed collateral flow appeared from the external carotid artery. Additionally, a dramatic size reduction of the aneurysm (1.51 mm) was noticed. Our case suggests that MMD-related dissecting aneurysms on a distal cerebral artery, which present a high risk of embolization, could be managed by indirectly reducing the hemodynamic burden. Massive hydration in such cases should be avoided or balanced to avoid the risk of rapid growth and aneurysm rupture.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of reperfusion therapy in the acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the recovery of myocardial perfusion in infarct tissue, as well as the restoration of epicardial blood flow. ST segment resolution on the ECG is an index, which represents adequate myocardial tissue perfusion following treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with acute STEMI, arriving within 12 hours of the onset of symptom underwent either thrombolysis (n=40) or primary stenting (n=51) were used for this study. ST segments on the ECG were measured with hand-held electronic callipers and the results were analysed by a single observer. RESULTS: Thrombolysis therapy was started earlier than primary stenting, although this was not statistically significant (311+/-171 minutes vs 399+/-251 minutes, p=0.61). After treatment, thrombolysis achieved a higher rate of complete ST segment resolution (>or=70%) compared to primary stenting (20/40;50.0% vs 13/51;25.4%, p=0.016). However, when the data was corrected for time, the difference between the two modalities was not significant (p=0.119). ST segment resolution varied significantly (p=0.026) according to treatment time, regardless of treatment modality. At the 6 month follow up, patients with complete ST segment resolution had a lower rate of major cardiac event (2.1% vs 13.8% p=0.094). CONCLUSION: In this study, thrombolysis achieved a higher rate of complete ST resolution compared with primary stenting in acute STEMI. By ad hoc analysis, this result was attributed to the difference in treatment time between the two groups, suggesting successful tissue reperfusion in acute STEMI is determined primarily by the rapidity, rather than the type, of treatment.
Angioplasty ; Electrocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Perfusion* ; Reperfusion ; Stents* ; Thrombolytic Therapy

PURPOSE: The superficial spreading type of early gastric cancer has different clinicopathologic features from other types of early gastric cancers in terms of its invasiveness and lymph node metastases. Therefore, the clinicopathological features of the superficial spreading type and the small-sized early gastric cancers, were analyzed, and the influence of those features on the surgical procedures and prognosis was investigated. METHODS: During an 8-year period (1992~1999), 22 superficial spreading early gastric cancers were analyzed with respect to the macroscopic type, lymph node metas tasis, and the surgical procedure, and compared with those of 219 small-sized early gastric cancers. The superficial spreading type was defined as a lesion more than 5 5 cm and small-sized type, as a lesion less than 2 2 cm. The survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and those patients who died of diseases unrelated to gastric cancer were excluded. Other statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Twenty two out of 369 (6%) early gastric cancers were the superficial spreading type. The incidence of a LN metastasis was 12.3% in early gastric cancer, 8.7% in the small-sized type, and 27.3% in the superficial spreading type. The incidence of a LN metastasis was greater in the superficial spreading type than in the small-sized type (P=0.006). The location of the lesions, the histological type, and the depth of the invasion in the superficial spreading and small-sized early gastric cancers were similar There was difference in the method of surgery and the extent of the lymph node dissection between two groups. CONCLUSION: Because the incidence of a lymph node meta stasis is higher in the superficial spreading type than in the small-sized early gastric cancer, a wide resection with an extensive lymph node dissection appears to be appropriate treatment for the superficial spreading type of early gastric cancer.
Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate