Five cases of histologically proven polymorphic reticulosis were examined with computed tomography(CT). CT findings were mucosal thickening along the septal and lateral walls of the nasal cavities(n=4), obliteration of the contour of the nasopharynx(n=4), involvement of the paranasal sinuses (n=2), destruction of the nasal septum and/or sinus walls(n=3) and mass in the palate, tonsil or neck (n=1). CT examination was helpful in determining the extent of the disease in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. However, lesions in the palate and tonsils could not be easily evaluated with CT. CT findings of polymorphic reticulosis are nonspecific and granulomatous diseases may show similar CT findings.
Granuloma, Lethal Midline* ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum ; Neck ; Palate ; Palatine Tonsil ; Paranasal Sinuses

The word "Delayed" in the legend of Figure 2 should have been written as "Controls."

Dissecting aneurysm involves development of a hematoma in the media of aorta, which is usually contagious with the lumen of the aorta via a tear in the media. The high percentage of co-existing diseases such as other cardiovascular diseases in these patients accounts for much of the surgical morbidity and mortality. Complications in Dacron patch graft surgery for repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm include massive hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, paraplegia and renal failure. A 60 year-old, 59kg woman underwent Dacron patch graft surgery for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm, under the high thoracic epidural block supplemented with light general anesthesia(N2O-O2). During operation, systolic blood pressure of upper extremities ranging from 120 mmHg to 100 mmHg was maintained, while diastolic pressure was maintained from 60 mmHg to 4) mmHg. Mean arterial pressure of 15-20 mmHg was maintained in lower extremities. When aorta was declamped, hypotension and bradycardia continued for 10 minutes. After administration of epinephrine and CaCl2, vital signs were stable. Total aorta cross-clamping time was 47 minutes, and total urine output was 200 ml. Although mannitol and steroid were administered for prevention, paraplegia occured postoperatively because of prolonged aorta cross clamping time.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Constriction ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lower Extremity ; Mannitol ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Paraplegia* ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Renal Insufficiency ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity ; Vital Signs

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively examine middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: A qualitative method was used, with focus group interviews. The participants were middle-aged male taxi drivers who had been driving for more than ten years and for more than six hours daily. Results: The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease were categorized into three main themes:　 “individual perceptions of cardiovascular disease”, “possibility of behaviors for cardiovascular disease” and “motivations of behaviors for cardiovascular disease”. Six sub-themes were extracted as follows: “perception of vulnerability”, “perception of seriousness”, “perception of profitability”, “perception of disability”, “self-awareness” and “advancing toward health care”. Conclusion It is necessary to invigorate support systems through measures including education, counseling, and web-based programs to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged male taxi drivers.

Hyperglycemic state frequently presents with neurologic manifestations including choreoathetosis, ballismus, dysphagia, seizures, and coma. Also, hyperglycemic hemianopia has been rarely reported to cause temporary damage to the visual cortex, resulting in homonymous hemianopia. A 65-year-old man was admitted because of right homonymous hemianopia accompanied by hyperglycemia. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography showed focal hyperperfusion in the left occipital lobe. Herein we report a case of reversible homonymous hemianopia with cerebral hyperperfusion associated hyperglycemia without seizure.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical significance of abnormal bronchi originating from the trachea or main bronchi. METHODS: 21 patients (male:female ratio, 13:8; mean age, 58.2 years, range 34-77), who were diagnosed with major tracheobronchial anomalies by bronchoscopy from January 2001 to March 2005, were enrolled in this study. The anomalous bronchi consisted of 13 tracheal bronchi and 8 cardiac accessory bronchus. The clinical features, bronchoscopic findings, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Common symptoms, including hemoptysis, cough and dyspnea, resulted from the underlying lung disease regardless of the bronchial anomalies. In this series of 13 tracheal bronchi, 7 cases originated from the trachea within 1cm of the carina (carinal type) and 6 cases originated at a higher level(tracheal type). Most patients had favorable outcome with conservative treatment for the underlying lung disease. CONCLUSION: Most tracheobronchial anomalies are found incidentally in the process of diagnosing lung disease. The clinical outcome of patients with a bronchial anomaly depends on the underlying lung disease.
Bronchi* ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea*

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of IPAQ short form. Method: Sixty-nine volunteer adults completed the questionnaires twice at 1 week interval, and the second one was compared to the results of Actical(R) in order to test validity. Results: The Korean version of IPAQ was accepted as a proper one by the IPAQ developers. Spearman Rho coefficients and Kappa values of test-retest reliability were 0.427~0.646 (median 0.542) and 0.365~0.620 (median 0.471), respectively. The Kappa values were above 0.4 in 5 out of 7 questionnaires. The more physically active by the short form questionnaire, the higher the measured value of the Actical(R) (P=0.039). Spearman Rho coefficient was 0.267 for the correlation between the results of the questionnaire and measured values by Actical(R). Conclusion: The reliability and the validity of the IPAQ short form were proven. Follow-up studies are needed.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Motor Activity* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Volunteers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we studied the ultrastructures of rapidly proliferating preretinal membranes of young patients with very extensive ischemic proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetes with uncontrollable blood sugar level. METHODS: Nine cases of preretinal membranes were obtained from six eyes of five patients with rapidly progressed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (mean age, 35 years) during vitrectomy. We obtained each preretinal membrane bimanually as one single sheet membrane using intraocular scissors and forceps. Each tissue was fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in the operating room. All specimens were prepared and studied using TEM. RESULTS: The preretinal membranes were composed of blood vessels and some interstitial cells. The blood vessels within the preretinal membranes varied in developmental stages, from the immature stage to the mature stage. The blood vessels were highly active, in that primitive cells showed a large nucleus and prominent chromatin clumping with abundant cytoplasm. Highly active fibroblast-like cells were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: We observed highly active angiogenesis in preretinal membranes, which rapidly proliferated in cases of severe retinal ischemia in young diabetes patients. This is the first report of such a finding, which may help to explain the poor prognosis of this disease modality.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Vessels ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Glutaral ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Membranes ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Operating Rooms ; Prognosis ; Retinaldehyde ; Surgical Instruments ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Tc-99m-MIBI (MIBI) and Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin (TF) are commonly used for scintimammography (SMM). We compared the diagnostic ability of SMM using Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-TF for the differential diagnosis of breast mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects were comprised of 123 breast lesions and 86 normal breasts of 114 patients who underwent SMM. Bilateral prone images and anterior supine images were obtained at 5 minutes and 1 or 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq of either MIBI or TF. Sizes of tumors were not significantly different between the MIBI and TF groups. First, two observers independently read the SMM without clinical information (1st interpretation), then read again with information about mass location (2nd interpretation). Sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of breast cancer were evaluated in terms of image acquisition time, tumor size, and location. RESULTS: The SMM showed a good agreement between two observers for 1st and 2nd interpretation, except for TF SMM at 3 hr. For the first interpretation, the sensitivities at 5 min, 1 hr, and 3 hr were not significantly different between MIBI and TF SMM (81.6%, 80.0%, 60.9% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 80.6%, 42.9% in TF), although the senstivities of 3 hr images were significantly lower than 5 min images in both MIBI and TF SMM. The specificity of TF at 5 min was superior to that of MIBI (81.5%, 90.0%, 82.9% in MIBI vs. 96.7%, 100%, 90.0% in TF, p<0.01 MIBI vs. TF at 5 min). For the second interpretation with information of mass location, the sensitivities at 3 hr images were significantly lower than 5 min images (86.8%, 86.7%, 78.3% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 93.5%, 57.1% in TF) between MIBI and TF SMM. However, there was no significant difference in the specificity (60.0%, 53.8%, 75.0% for MIBI vs. 86.7%, 100%, 100% for TF). MIBI and TF SMM showed lower sensitivities for the tumors with less than 1 cm than tumors with more than 1 cm. However, the location of tumors did not influence the sensitivity and specificity between MIBI and TF SMM. CONCLUSION: The ability for the differential diagnosis of breast tumor is similar between MIBI and TF SMM, and delayed image is not necessary. TF may be better than MIBI considering the specificity of SMM without clinical information and labeling convenience.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: CT or MRT is performed in preoperative staging of laryngeal cancer. These methods are used in assessment of the deep tissues and cartilage of the larynx, but cannot compete with laryngoscopy in the evaluation of the laryngeal surface. The purpose of this study is to evaluate feasibilty and clinical value of the 3-D reconstruction of the mucosal surface in laryngeal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty two patients with laryngeal cancer proved by means of surgical.exploration (pathologic) or clinical examinations including laryngoscope, imaging studies and biopsy underwent preoperative staging with computed tomography(G-P);and three dimensional(3D) CT reconstruction. The TNM classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer was used to compare the imaging findings with pathologic or clinical staging. RESULTS: When the extension of primary tumor(T staging) was evaluated, the findings at only transaxial CT and those at pathologic or clinical examination were concordant in 8 of 14 cases(57.1%) of supraglottic tumor, and 3 of 6 cases(50%) of glottic tumor. The overall accuracy of CT with additional 3D-reconstruction was 85.7% for assessment of supraglottic tumor, and 66.6% for glottic tumor. CONCLUSION: 3D CT reconstruction after transaxial CT may improve outcome in preoperative staging of laryngeal cancer and has a potential value in guiding management decisions.
Biopsy ; Cartilage ; Classification ; Humans ; Joints ; Laryngeal Neoplasms* ; Laryngoscopes ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx