The purpose of this study is to analyze degree of geographic maldistribution of physicians and changes in the distributional pattern in Korea over the years 1980-1985. In assessing the degree of distribution and in identifying changes in the distribution pattern, the Gini index of concentration was used. The geographical units selected for computation of the Gini index in this analysis are districts (Gu), cities (Si), and counties (Gun). Locational data for 1980 and 1985 were obtained from the population census data in the Economic Planning Board and regular reports of physicians in the Korean Medical Association. The rates of physician located countries to whole physicians were 10.4% in 1980 and 9.6% in 1985. In term of the ratio of physicians per 100,000 population, rural area had 9.18 physicians in 1980 and 12.95 in 1985, 7.13 general practitioner in 1980 and 7.29 in 1985, and 2.05 specialists in 1980 and 5.66 in 1985. Only specialists of general surgery and preventive medicine were distributed over 10% in county and distribution of every specialists except chest surgery in county increased in 1985, comparing with that rates of 1980. The Gini index computed to measure inequality of physician distribution in 1985 indicate as follows; physicians 0.3466, general practitioners 0.5479, and specialists 0.5092. But the Gini index for physicians and specialists fell -15.40% and -10.42% from 1980 to 1985, indication more even distribution. The changes in the Gini index over the period for specialists from 0.3639 to 0.4542 for districts, from 0.2510 to 0.1949 for cities, and 0.5303 for countries indicate distributional change of 24.81%, -22.35%, and 10.65% respectively. The Gini indices for specialists of neuro-surgery, chest surgery, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, tuberculosis, preventive medicine, and anatomical pathology in 1985 were higher than Gini indices in 1980.
Censuses ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Korea ; Ophthalmology ; Pathology ; Preventive Medicine ; Rural Population ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Specialization ; Surgery, Plastic ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare disease both in adults and in children. Most of these tumors are functional, especially in children, producing endocrine syndromes such as virilization, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or feminization. We experienced a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma in a 7yr old boy who showed features of virilization such as rapid growth rate, penile enlargement, and pubic hair. This case was diagnosed with typical hormonal findings and abdominal MRI and confirmed by pathologic findings. He was successfully treated by total left adrenalectomy and has been followed up without problem over eight months.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Child ; Cushing Syndrome ; Feminization ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Virilism

No abstract available.
DiGeorge Syndrome*

Iatrogenic Cushings syndrome is caused by administration of systemic steroids for some disorders, and is clinically characterized by truncal obesity, hypertension, fatigability, amenorrhea, hirsutism, abdominal striae, edema, glucosuria and osteoporosis. We report herein a case of iatrogenic Cushings syndrome in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The patient, a 32-year-old male, had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and was intermittently treated with topical and systemic steroids for 12 years. He revealed facial edema, truncal obesity and striae distensae in both the axilla and abdomen. Steroids are one of the important agents in the treatment of atopic dermatitis but care must be taken in their administration.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; Axilla ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Edema ; Female ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Obesity ; Osteoporosis ; Steroids ; Striae Distensae

We observed a 55-year-old man who had granuloma pyogenicum on the medial border of the right fifth toe which developed after scratching of the wound. Histopathological findings showed many newly formed capillaries that had prominant endothelial cells and showed varying degrees of dilation without appearance of epidermal collarette signs. We tried intralesional treatment with triamcinolone acetonide (10mg%, 1/week*3). After 3 sessions of treatment, the lesion dramatically regressed nearly to normal size.
Capillaries ; Endothelial Cells ; Granuloma* ; Granuloma, Pyogenic* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Toes ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone* ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Ectoderm* ; Ectodermal Dysplasia*

No abstract available.
Uterine Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Nipples*

PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). It is known that TS is related to response, and resistance, following chemotherapy due to colorectal cancer. The object of this study was to identify the clinical significance of TS as a prognostic factor, and its influence on 5-FU based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 105 consecutive patients who were operated on, at the Department of Surgery, Korea University, College of Medicine, for colorectal cancer between Jan. 1994 and Dec. 1995. We used formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues of resected specimens for our study. For the semi-quantitative study, the specific monoclonal antibody, TS106, was used for immunohistochemical staining. Interpretation of the immunohistochemical staining, for intratumoral TS expression, was divided into 4 grades: intensity 0, 1 , 2 , 3 were defined as, a total absence of TS immuno staining, less than 25%, 25~50% and more than 50%, of tumor staining positive, respectively. Grades 0, 1 , and 2 were regarded as low TS expression groups and 3 regarded as a high TS expression group. We then analyzed 5-year survival rates, according to Dukes' stage, and whether systemic chemotherapy was performed, or not, according to TS expression. RESULTS: Of the 105 patients, 91 (86.7%) showed TS expression, 21 (20%) with high TS expression and 84 (80%) were low TS expression. As Dukes' stage advanced, the incidence of high expression of TS increased (P=0.048). In Dukes' stage B2, 5-year survival rates for the low TS expressed group was better than for the high TS expressed group (P=0.0052). In patients who received postoperative chemotherapy, 5-year survival rates for the low TS expressed group were better than for the high TS expressed group (P=0.049). CONCLUSION: These data suggest the expression of intratumoral TS, studied by immunohistochemical staining, is relevant to the prognosis of colorectal cancer, especially Dukes' stage B2. It is also related to the response rate of 5-FU based systemic chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Drug Therapy ; Fluorouracil ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Thymidylate Synthase*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to confirm the association of human papillomavirus with colorectal cancer. METHODS: We studied 44 patients who were received operation for colorectal cancer from 1, Jan. 1997 to 31, Dec. at Korea University Guro Hospital. We used paraffin- embedded tissue sections of colorectal adenocarcinomas and human cervical cell lines as a positive control. We also studied 10 cases of anal canal squamous cell carcinomas. The extracted DNA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme restriction method. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus DNA was not detected in all specimen of colorectal adenocarcinomas. But in 3 of 10 (30%) of anal canal squamous carcinomas, human papillomavirus DNA was detected. We identified this human papillomvirus DNA as type 16 by enzyme restriction technique. CONCLUSIONS: Human papillomavirus usually associated with malignant transformation are present in anal canal squamous cell carcinomas. This study also showed same result. But this association was absent from adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anal Canal ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA ; Humans* ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rectum