Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene delivative that has been widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. tamoxifen is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in women following total mastectomy or segmental mastectomy, breast irradiation and chemotherapy. tamoxifen has been shown to have significant benificial effect in the treatment of breast cancer patient as hormonal therapy. However ,there is mounting evidence that tamoxifen may affect other hormon sensitive organs, including the uterus and ovaries. An increased risk of endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma has been reported in tamoxifen treated women. We have met cases of endometrial polyp and endocervical polyp which were associated with tamoxifen use, after modified radical mastectomy for infilterating ductal carcinoma of breast . So we report these cases with the brief review of literatures.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Drug Therapy ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Ovary ; Polyps* ; Tamoxifen* ; Uterus

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare disease both in adults and in children. Most of these tumors are functional, especially in children, producing endocrine syndromes such as virilization, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or feminization. We experienced a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma in a 7yr old boy who showed features of virilization such as rapid growth rate, penile enlargement, and pubic hair. This case was diagnosed with typical hormonal findings and abdominal MRI and confirmed by pathologic findings. He was successfully treated by total left adrenalectomy and has been followed up without problem over eight months.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Child ; Cushing Syndrome ; Feminization ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Virilism

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) with 2.0 Tesla superconductive magnet developed by Korea Advanced Institute ofScience was performed in 25 patients with various abdominal diseases and compared with x-ray CT. MRI was obtainedwith spin echo technique using a variety of pulse sequence and various slice orientation including axial, sgittaland coronal section in order to evaluate the diagnostic value, limitation and to determine the optimal pulsesequency in various abdominal diseases. MRI demonstrated the capability of detecting the lesions shown on CT inall cases and also detected one case of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma which was not seen on CT. MRI showedcapability of differentiation of various liver mass including hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangnioma and simplecyst. MRI showed better anatomical resolution of tumor in retroperitoneum and pelvis, however CT delineatedalimentary tract disease better than MRI did.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pelvis

One hundred twenty-one patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults, who were admitted in Department of Orthopadic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital between January of 1972 and June of 1986 are investigated in terms of the history, clinical data, radiographic findings and laboratory examinations. And, the following results were obtained. 1. The highest incidence was in the 5th decade and the sex ratio between male and female was 5: l. 2. 62 cases(51.2%) had the bilateral hip involvement, and higher incidence of bilateral hip involvement in steroid or alcohol induced cases. 3. Etiological factors were unknown(38 cases, 31.4%), steroid (31 cases, 25.6%), alcohol (22 cases, 18.2%), femur neck fracture (15 cases, 12.4%), trauma (13 cases, 10.7%) and caissons disease (2 cases). 4. Underlying diseases in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head were dermopathy (8 cases), pain over other joints (7 cases), head trauma (5 cases), nephropathy (4 cases), etc. 5. The time intervals between etiological events and appearance of clinical symptoms were 1 year and 7 months in steroid-induced cases, 1 year and 9 months in femur neck fracture cases, 1 year and 1 month in trauma-induced cases, 1 year and 5 months in caissons disease. 6. The duration of morbidity was 21 months on average. 7. At first hospital visit, the Ficat stage of femoral head avascular necrosis were stage II in 12 cases (10%), transition stage in 17 cases (14%), stage III in 34 cases (29%) and stage IV in 56 cases (47%). 8. Bone scanning was performed in 59 hips of 42 cases. Cold spot was observed in 17 hips and hot spot in 36 hips. There were false negative findings in 4 hips in spite of ischemic findings of femoral head on simple x-ray. 9. Bone marrow pressure was higher than 30mmHg and was increased 10mmHg more than initial pressure by stress test. 10. On intramedullary venography, diaphyseal reflux of contrast medium and diaphyseal stasis more than 15 minutes in 7 of 9 cases over stage II.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Clinical Study ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Necrosis ; Phlebography ; Sex Ratio

Steam autoclaving and ethylene gas sterilization method have been used for arthroscopes,but recently cold sterilization method using 2% glutaraldehyde solution was recommended.Although this method is economic, quick and excellent method, there has been a growing awareness of the minor complication associated with arthroscopy, particulsrily effusion and wound healing. So, we attemped to evaluate the effect of activated glutaraldehyde solution in knee arthroscopy. We have done so as follows : 1. Observed the intra-articular response (grossly, light and electron microscopically) of rabbit knees, three weeks after a single injection of glutaraldehyde at concentration of 0 to 1000 ppm. 2. Measured the glutaraldehyde concentration in the rinse solution using a sensitive spectrophotometric technique. 3. Measured the glutaraldehyde concentration in the intraoperative joint irrigation solution as same as above technique. The results were as follows : 1. Grossly, diffuse synovitis was observed with dose of 100 ppm or greater, and the degree of inflammation was proportional to the glutaraldehyde concentration. We have observed microscopic evidence of a few leukocyte infiltration and vascular congestion in the synovium of rabbit knees, injected with 5 ppm glutaraldehyde. At concentration of 50ppm, vascular hemorrhage and synovial edema, at 500ppm, focal synovial necrosis and fibrosis were observed. At 1000ppm, chondrolysis was observed. Electron microscopically we have observed synovial cells proliferation, especially type B cells and interstitial edematous changes, injected with 5-10 ppm glutaraldehyde. At concentration 50 ppm, synovial cells are decreased in number and marked vacuolization changes, at 100 ppm, synovial cells are denuded on the surface. 2. The concentration of glutaraldehyde present in the rinse basin was 16–30 ppm by thefirst rinsing procedure, if the same rinse solution was used for subsequent cases, the lutaraldehyde concentration was 117–149 ppm by the sixth rinsing procedure. 3. The concentration of glutaraldehyde present in the intraoperative joint irrigation solution was less than 1 ppm.
Arthroscopy ; B-Lymphocytes ; Edema ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Glutaral ; Hemorrhage ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Knee ; Leukocytes ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Steam ; Sterilization ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis ; Wound Healing

The carpal tunnel syndroms is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome. The typical symptom is pain, numbness and paresthesia in the median nerve territory of the hand and progressive thenar atrophy. When the symptom is mild and its duration is short, conservative treatment such as splinting or local steroid injection is considered, but when neurological deficit is promiment and conservative treatment is not effective, surgical decompression is indicated.Authors reviewed 15 patients (23 cases) of carpal tunnel syndrome treated with surgical decomression at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung-pook National University Hospital from March 1983 to October 1988. The follow up results are as follows; 1. Preoperatively, Tinel sign was present in 17 cases. Phalen test was positive in 17 cases. Sensory disturbance was present in 8 cases. Thenar muscle atrophy was present in 19 cases. Motor weakness was present in 13 cases. 2. Preoperatively, delay of motor conduction velocity of median nerve was noted in 15 cases (65.2%) and sensory nerve conduction velocity in 20 cases (86.9%). Denervation findings such as fibrillation or sharp waves were seen in 15 cases (65.2%). 3. The operative findings were as follows; Synovial hypertrophy in 12 cases, hypertrophy of transcarpal ligament in 4 cases, pseudoneuroma in 3 cases, ganglion in 2 cases, neurilemmoma in 1 case, gout in 1 case. 4. As the operative findings, median nerve had evidence of compression beneath the transcarpal ligament, consisting of flattening. narrowing and decreased epineurial vascularity. 5. External neurolysis was performed in all cases. 6. In case of long duration and severe thenar atrophy, internal neurolysis would be recommendable. 7. Fllow up period was ranged from 7 months to 6 years. 8. 19 cases (82.6%) were excellent or good results.
Atrophy ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Decompression, Surgical ; Denervation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglion Cysts ; Gout ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypesthesia ; Ligaments ; Median Nerve ; Muscular Atrophy ; Neural Conduction ; Neurilemmoma ; Orthopedics ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nerves ; Splints

Bleomycin, a tumoricidal antibiotic agent, may produce unusual cutaneous manifestations such as pigmentation scleroderma, and gangrene. We report a case of the development of linear streaky pigmentation and cutaneous scleroderma in a patient treated with bleomycin for choriocarcinoma of undescented testis. The patient was 45-year-old male presented with linear brown and slate gray streaking over the trunk and extremities after three cycles of chemotherapy(bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatine). After the fourth cycle of the same chemotherapy, 18 weeks after initiation of bleomycin, the development of cutaneous scleroderma-like conditions was observed involving the same sites. Histopathologic examination showed increased basal pigmentation and thick collagen bundles through the entire dermis, extending to the subcutis. Herein, we describe a case of streaky pigmentation and scleroderma in association with bleomycin anticancer chemotherapy simultaneously in a patient.
Bleomycin* ; Choriocarcinoma ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Extremities ; Female ; Gangrene ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation* ; Pregnancy ; Testis

Alterations in the expression of genes that control the cell cycle may be of critical importance in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. The major regulatory events leading to cell proliferation occur in Gl phase of cell cycle, and the deregulated expression of Gl cyclins is related to oncogenesis. Cyclins Dl and E play important roles in the progression of cell through Gl phase of the cell cycle. Amplification and/or overexpression of the cyclin Dl gene and aberrant expression of cyclin E has been described in various forms of human cancer. However, the role of cyclins Dl and E in cervical cancer has been poorly defined. In this study, we examined the expression of cyclins Dl and E by Northern blot technique and the status of human papil- lomavirus(HPV) type 16 and 18 by polymerase chain reaction in 25 cases of cervical carcinoma to explore the relationship between cyclins Dl and E and cervical cancer. We found cyclin Dl expression showed down-regulated expression in cervical cancer but cyclin E expression was increased in cancer group. Other clinicopathological prognostic factors were not correlated with cyclins D1 and E expression. Further study based on larger numbers of cases with correlation of cyclins D1 and E status and survival data will be needed to elucidate the use of cyclin expressions as prognostic factor.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The incidence of tracheal stenosis is increased because of the longterm respiratory care with endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Present therapeutic modalities for the relief of an tracheal or bronchial stenosis include laser resection, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, bougienation, stent insertion, dilatation with balloon catheter and finally reconstruction surgery. However, reconstruction surgery have some problems in ventilation during anesthetic management. Small sized tube insertion through lesion, high frequency jet ventilation, cardiopulmonary bypass are served to resolve ventilatory problem. We experienced a case of severe tracheal stenosis due to tracheostomy. The stenotic lesion was 2.5 cm above the carina, 3 mm in diameter and length of the stenotic segment was 1 cm. We used bougienation with endotracheal tube replace obturator for the ventilation before the reconstruction surgery and the patient was successfully managed without complications.
Airway Management* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cryotherapy ; Dilatation ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Radiotherapy ; Stents ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis* ; Tracheostomy ; Ventilation