No abstract available.

No abstract available in English.
Achilles Tendon ; Rupture

The use of a pneumatic tourniquet is potentially associated with injury to underlying muscles, vessels, and nerves if excessive pressure occurs beneath the toumiquet. In order to minimize the risk of soft tissue injury, the lowest tourniquet pressure that maintains a bloodless operative field should be used. A clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the pneumatic tourniquet setting required for adequate hemostasis in upper extremity surgery. From March to September in 1984, the subcutaneous soft tissue pressure of the 20 upper extremities beneath a pneumatic toumiquet in the arm were measured directly and the following results were obtained. 1. The underlying subcutaneous soft tissue pressure was not affected by adult, age, arm circumference, and blood pressure of normal range. 2. The underlying subcutaneous soft tissue pressure showed direct correlation with the tourniquet pressure respectively. 3. A tourniquet preasure of more than 250 mmHg was not rarely required in a normotensive individual.
Adult ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Clinical Study ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Muscles ; Reference Values ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tourniquets ; Upper Extremity

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, especially due to steroid-12-hydroxylase(P450c21) deficiency, is one of the most common autosomal recessive inborn errors at adrenal steroidogenesis in Korean. Molecular genetic analysis has demonstrated that there are two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes, CYP21A1P and CYP21A2. The CYP21A2 gene encodes P450c21, whereas the CYP21A1P gene is a pseudogene. Since there is 98 percent homology between the CYP21A1P and CYP21A2 gene in nucleotide sequences, it has hampered the characterization of molecular defects in the CYP21A2 gene.In this study, efforts have been made to selectively PCR amplify the CYP21A2 gene and test feasibility of DNA microextraction from Guthrie card for prospective use of molecular screening. This study was also aimed at investigating deletion mutations in P450c21 deficient patients, as well as allele frequencies and average heterozygosity of exon 1 A/C polymorphism in Korean newborns. Genomic DNAs were obtained from Guthrie cards of 50 Korean newborns by microextraction method and these DNAs were analyzed by PCR-allele specific oligonucleotide(ASO) hybridization. First part of the CYP21A2 gene has been successfully amplified and digested by restriction enzyme using Taq I or Kpn I, subsequently run on 1.5% agarose gel to confirm its specificity. The anterior 1141 bp PCR product was utilized to examine the frequency and average heterozygosity of exon 1 A/C polymorphism in 100 alleles by ASO dot blot hybridization. Amplified genomic DNAs from four P450c21 deficient patients out of three families were screened by PCR to see if any one has complete deletion of the CYP21A2 gene.The results were as follows;1) The average 1230ng of genomic DNA was obtained form single semi-circled Guthrie card of 1/2 inch diameter by microextraction method, which has been successfully used for DNA analysis.2) The PCR amplified anterior 1141 bp product from the CYP21A2 gene was digested by Kpn I, generating 309 bp, 832 bp fragments, not by Taq I, indicating its specificity.3) The frequencies of exon 1 nucleotide 138 A/C polymorphism in Korean population were 0.81, 0.91 respectively, and average heterozygosity was 0.31.4) None of four P450c21 deficient patients turned out to carry complete deletion of the CYP21A2 gene based on selective PCR amplification of the CYP21A2 gene.In conclusion, dried blood spots from Guthrie card can be sued for DNA analysis because of easy sample collection, bandling, shipment, and DNA extraction feasibility. The selective PCR amplification of the CYP 21A2 gene will pave the way for molecular characterization in P450c21 deficient patients. The exon 1 A/C polymorphism can by efficiently used for molecular diagnosis of P450c21 deficiency in informative families, though it has a drawback of handling radioactive material.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Molecular Biology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prospective Studies ; Pseudogenes ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sepharose ; Sequence Deletion ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

No abstract available.
Knee*

Ligamentous injury of the knee which could be easily occur in sports or traffic accidents resulted in more and severe disability than that of other joints. Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament which restrain hyperextension, excessive rotation and anterior motion of tibia on femur is the most frequent and significant injury of the knee. Its treatment and clinical significance is one of the most controversial issue and its incidence tends to increase. From 1983 to 1985, modified Scott operation were performed on 10 patients at the department of orthopedic surgery, Chung Ang university hospital. Following results are obtained. 1. No limitation of range of motion of the knee was developed. 2. Intra-articular fixation by use of pull-out wire was done and special consideration was done for the site of fixation on tibia plateau and method of dilatation of posterior capsule. 3. Of the ten patients, nine had negative anterior drawer test, postoperatively.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Dilatation ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rupture ; Sports ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases*

No abstract available.
Heart Valve Diseases* ; Heart Valves* ; Heart*

In the special cases that iris was not naturally prolapsed from the ab externo incision at the peripheral iridectomy for glaucoma(Barkan, Scheie), the iris could be easily drawn out by applying the iris suction which was designed by author. Kong iris suction is similar to the Bell erisophake, but the cup of the iris suction is transparent so that the prolapsing process through the wound could be seen. The peripheral iridectomy with smallest size of the scleral incision can be performed uing the iris suction without introducing the iris forsceps into chamber.
Iridectomy ; Iris* ; Suction* ; Wounds and Injuries

Author has designed one of the lacrimal vinyl tube which is shaped like the root of the grass (Fig 1) and also an artificial nasolacrimal duct which can be inserted into the man's nasolacimal duct through the nose (Fig 6). It is obtained good result by inserting the root- type vinyl tube the nasolacrimal duct in the cases of the obstruction on the nasolacrimal duct, which is for making permanent lacrimal intubation. Experiment has proved there were no any troubles in the normal nasolacrimal duct by inserting the artificial nasolacrimal duct into the normal man's.
Intubation ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Nose ; Poaceae