Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and serves weight bearing of the body. The calcaneus has a pattern of cancellous bone enclosed with a very thin cortical shell. It is difficult to reduce the bony fragments accurately when there are comminution and displacement on the calcaneal fractures. Retrospective study was carried out of 18 patients(21 feet) of calcaneus fractures after axial fixation in Soonchunhyang University Hospital from July, 1982 to July, 1988. Minimum follow up period was 8 months(average 2 years 6 months). The clinical analysis of them are reported with a review of the literature and the results are follows:l. According to the Rowe's unit system, the results of treatment were excellent or good in 9 cases of 13 tongue types and 5 cases of 8 joint depression types. 2. The results were satisfactory in the calcaneal fractures of well reestablished Bohler angle to 21-30 degrees. 3. The results were excellent or good in 5 cases operated within post-trauma 1 week and in 9 cases operated from 1 week to 2 weeks. 4. The results were poor in the 2 joint depression type with severe comminution. And subtalar joint fusion was performed on the previous 2 cases. Then pain on the lateral malleolar area was subsided.
Calcaneus ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Joints ; Retrospective Studies ; Subtalar Joint ; Tarsal Bones ; Tongue ; Weight-Bearing

Malignant neuroepithelioma is a rare neoplasm arising within the peripheral nervous system and usually occurs in the lower extremities. It may involve patients in any age group and have no gender predisposition. In adolescents and adults the tumor must be distinguished from other malignant round-cell tumors. The poor prognosis and the need for aggressive, combined surgical and chemotherapeutic modalities in treating this tumor necessitate a prompt and accurate diagnosis. Authors have experienced a case of malignant neuroepithelioma developed in left sciatic nerve. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan, M.R.I., light and electron microscopic findings.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Prognosis ; Sciatic Nerve ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The application of the arthroscope to the shoulder joint has evolved in recent years for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. This paper presented 11 cases with various shoulder diseases treated by arthroscopy during the period from January, 1984 to September, 1985 in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University. The advantages of the arthroscopy were as follows: 1. The arthroscopy made it easier to diagnose the unsolved cases by direct biopsy on the pathologic lesions in the joint. 2. The damage on the inside and outside of the shoulder joint was minimal and the post-operative incision scar was acceptable cosmetically. 3. The limitation of the joint motion did not remain due to early exercise post-operatively. 4. The complications such as infection, neurovascular injury, scuffing of joint cartilage, etc. could be avoided.
Arthroscopes ; Arthroscopy ; Biopsy ; Cartilage ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Joints ; Orthopedics ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder

No abstract available.

Spinal instrumentation using pedicle screws offers several advantages such as 1) achievement of rigid fixation through the pedicles which is the strongest structure of spine, 2) nearly anatomic reduction by direct force on the deformed sites of fracture and 3) preservation of mobile segments by short segment fixation. The authors analysed 14 cases of unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fracture treated by pedicle screw fixation from May 1988 to June 1989. Mean follow up was 14 months(8M.-20M.) and following results were obtained. 1. Most of the cases were male(13 cases) and their age ranged from 26 to 55 with an average of 36. 2. According to Denis classification, there were 7 cases of burst fracture, 5 cases of fracture-dislocation, 1 case of seat belt injury and unclassified one case. 3. After operation, the height of anterior column was reduced from 61% to 86%, posterior column, from 134% to 105%, local kyphosis, from 17.4% degrees to 3.4 degrees and anterior translation, from 6mm to 1.2mm. 4. In comparision of preoperative and postoperative moter index between fracture-dislocation and burst fracture, the former changed from 3.2 to 21.8 and the latter, from 40.2 to 48.6. 5. Significant neurologic recoveries were observed in all cases except one complete paraplegia. 6. There was no significant complication and minimal loss of correction was noted.
Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kyphosis ; Paraplegia ; Pedicle Screws ; Seat Belts ; Spine

The "flosting knee" is the term applied to the flail knee joint segment resulting from a fracture of the shaft of adiacent metanhysis of the ipsilateralfemur and tibia. The various methods of treatment of the "floating knee" were adapted by many authors according to degree of the comminution, degree of the soft tissue injury, general condition state of the fracture. Authors experienced the floating knee in 52 cases on 51 patients who were treated at Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital in the period of 4 years and 5 months from January 1985 to June 1989 and among them, 45 cases were treated by operative method and 7 cases by conservative methods at least one of the femur and tibia, The results were as follews;1. Floating Knee occured six times more in male and the peak age was third and fourth decades. 2. The most common cause of fractures was traffie aecident and there was difficulty in diagnosis of ligamentous disruption of the ipsilateral knee. 3. The common fracture site were middle one third and the most common fracture shape was comminuted in both femur and tibia. 4. A good or excellent functional result was aohieved in treated with open reduction and rigid fixation of both fracture and there were no significant difference in group of the internal fixation of both femur and tibia. 5. Intramedullary nailing on the femur and plate fixation on the tibia provided rigid fixation of fracture and the it made possible early joint motion exercise and ambulation and the average healing time of fracuture was much shortened. 6. The most common concomitant injury were soft tissue injury and delayed or nonuion and osteomyelitis were developed more frequently in the plate and screw fixation group of the open fracture.
Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Walking

At present the newer computerized tomography scanners provide a means for direct measurement of the size of normal and abnormal body structures from monitor. In orthopedics and rheumatology, CT is very important and useful means to make correct diagnosis and treatment modalities. In spite of its increasing importance in orthopedic field, reports about accuracy of CT are not common. We reviewed several reports that described about anatomical measurement using CT or similar experiments to our study. But there are few statements that have directly compared CT and caliper measurements in spine or other bones. So, authors performed experiments with 36 vertebrae of 8 pig spines to know the difference of CT measurement from actual measurement. The results were as follow: 1. In CT, bony portions including diameter of body and both pedicles were overestimated about 5% than actual ones. 2. In CT, AP and lateral diameters of spinal canal were 6~7% smaller than actual measurement and canal area, estimated by the products of AP and lateral diameter of spinal canal, is about 13% smaller than actual size. 3. It is the result of cortical overestimation around canal that spinal canal area was estimated less than actual size. 4. Main cause of this differences was partial volume effect that developed during CT scanning. In conclusion, CT scanner is the useful means and gives many useful informations to diagnose the spinal disease, but the physicians must understand mechanical, physical and mathematical limitations of CT and discrepancy of measurement data.
Diagnosis ; Orthopedics ; Rheumatology ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Diseases ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was designed to evaluate the personality characteristics of orthognathic surgery patients preoperatively and postoperatively through the MMPI. Comparison was made between the personality characteritics of preoperative and postoperative groups. Motivation for undergoing orthognathic surgery and postoperative satisfaction were examined through the questionnaire. Subjects used in this study consisted of 50 patients under presurgical orthodontic treatment and 22 patients who had received orthognathic surgery. From this study, the results were followings. 1. In preoperative patients group, all T-scores were within the normal range except for K-scale. The T-score of K-scale is 57.7, this showed that these patients underwent some or less stress. 2. In postoperative patients group, all T-scores were within the normal range. 3. Only in K-scale, there was statistically significant increase after surgery (P<0.05). 4. In male patients group, all T-scores were within the normal range except for that of preoperative K-scale. Postoperatively, there were statistically significant increase in K and Hs scales(P<0.05) 5. In female patients group, all T-scores were within the normal range. 6. Motivation for undergoing orthognathic surgery could be divided into 4 categories: esthetic goal(28.2%), functional goal(32.1%), TMJ problem(9.0%), and psychosocial reason(30.7%). 7. The degree of postoperative satisfaction was quite high(85.7%). 14.3% of all patients were very satisfied, 71.49/o were satisfied, 9.5% were neither satisfied or dissatisfied, and 4.8% were very dissatisfied.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; MMPI* ; Motivation ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reference Values ; Temporomandibular Joint

BACKGROUND: Flow interruption technique has been used to measure respiratory system mechanics, and its prominent advantage is to partitionate the respiratory system resistance into airway and tissue component. In this study, we investigated the effects of varing concentrations of enflurane on respiratory system mechanics using flow interruption technique. METHODS: Six cats, weighing 3.0~3.6 kg were used. Pentobarbital sodium was injected intraperitonially and endotracheal intubation was followed. Intermittent mandatory ventilation was applied with Siemens Servo 900C ventilator. The inspiratory flow rate, tidal volume, and respiratory rate were fixed, and normocarbia (PaCO2; 30~35 mmHg) was maintained throughout the experiment. The changes in the pressure and volume were recorded with Bicore CP100 pulmonary monitor at control, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 MAC of enflurane. The data were transfered to a PC and analyzed by Anadat processing software. Respiratory system, airway and tissue viscoelastic resistances, and dynamic and static compliances were calculated. RESULTS: Respiratory system resistances decreased up to 1 MAC of enflurane compared to the control value (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the values of resistance among 1, 1.5, 2 MAC of enflurane. There were no significant differences in tissue viscoelastic resistances, and dynamic and static compliances with varying concentrations of enflurane. CONCLUSIONS: Enflurane significantly reduces the respiratory system resistance mainly by decreasing airway resistance. Tissue viscoelastic resistance and respiratory system compliances are not influenced by changes in concentration of enflurane.
Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Cats* ; Enflurane* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Mechanics* ; Pentobarbital ; Respiratory Rate ; Respiratory System* ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: To report the change of pupil sizes according to age and illuminance in the normal Korean population. METHODS: Normal Koreans outpatients who never had a history of ophthalmic disease were examined. The patients consisted of 320 eyes of 160 patients, which were classified into 8 age decades (teenage to 80's) with 40 eyes in each age group. The vertical and horizontal pupil size and area under 4 different illuminances (3,500, 1,200, 500, 5 lux) were measured using the Colvard pupillometer(R) (OASIS Medical, Glendora, CA, USA). RESULTS: The pupil size was significantly decreased as the age increased under each illuminance. The pupil area measured after dark adaptation was 47.30 mm2 in the teenage group, 43.32 mm2 in the 20's group, 41.94 mm2 in the 30's group, 40.98 mm2 in the 40's group, 40.61 mm2 in the 50's group, 38.60 mm2 in the 60's group, 37.78 mm2 in the 70's group and 35.45 mm2 in the 80's group. The decrease in pupil area was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In the normal Korean population, a significant decrease in pupil size and area was observed with aging. The present study results provide good basic data for cataract and presbyopia refractive surgery.
Aging ; Cataract ; Dark Adaptation ; Eye ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Presbyopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Surgical Procedures