No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Pleasure*

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis*

No abstract available.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle*

No abstract available.
Skin*

To investigate the changes of electrolytes and bio-chemical components during hemodialysis in 15 patients(7 men and 8 women) with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis were studied. The mean age of 15 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis was 45 year(range ; 26-62). The mean duration of hemodialysis was 58 months(range: 19-143) at time of the study. Hemodialysis was performed with acetate dialy- sate having 37mEq/1 acetate and 8.57g/100ml glu-cose(group A), with bicarbonate dialysate having 8 mEq/1 acetate and 30mEq/1 bicarbonate without glu-cose(group B) for 4-hour. Each blood sample was drawn for blood gas analysis, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and electrolytes from the arterial line at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4-four during hemodialysis. In group A, the body temperature measured at 1 hour increased significantly compared with that of predialysis. The blood glucose level increased pro-gressively during dialysis. In group B, the body temperature measured at 1 hour also increased sig- nificantly compared with that of predialysis. However, the blood glucose level increased progressively during dialysis as removing urea in blood during dialysis. These results suggested that blood urea nitrogen may be a cause of hypothermia. Mean corpuscular volume(MCV) increased significantly at 2-hour in group A and returned to baseline values at 4-hour. In group B, the mean level of glucose value in dialysate of outlet line of dialyzer increased to 38.3mg/dl from zero in inlet line, and PaC&z decreased significantly because of diffusion of COz across the dialyzer. In Group A, PaOz decreased significantly at 1-hour and returned to baseline values at 4-hour, whereas HCC4 was increased significantly at 4-hour. The intracellular potassium content may decreased in long-term hemodialysis patients cornpared with normal control. In Group A, hernoglobin diphosphoglycerate(2, 3-DPG) concentraion increased from 10.9 pmoVg before dialysis to 19.9pmol/g after dialysis. Despite substantial anemia, hemoglobin 2, 3-DPG prior to dialysis was significantly lower than the value obtained in the normal control(17.5+4.3 p moVg). In group A, the blood lactate level decreased significantly at 1-hour and returned to baseline values at 4-hour. Our data suggested that body temperature might be increased due to removal of urea nitrogen, and blood glucose may be decreased because of the dif- fusion across dialyzer. In addition, this study showed that intracellular potassium content was lowered, the MCV of RBC was increased during hemodialysis. Transient decrement of PaCOz during early phase of dialysis and decreased hemoglobin 2, 3-DPG of despite anemia before dialysis improved with the increment of blood pH and HCC4 at the end of dialysis.
Anemia ; Bays ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Temperature ; Dialysis ; Diffusion ; Electrolytes* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypothermia ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lactic Acid ; Male ; Nitrogen ; Potassium ; Renal Dialysis* ; Urea ; Vascular Access Devices

Clinical characteristics of 336 infants referred for chromosomal study during neonatal period from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1994 to the cytogenetic laboratory of St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College were reviewed. Karyotypes were analysed from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and G-banding was carried out. A thorough survey of the clinical reasons for chromosomal analysis, prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in each disease category, and the patterns of chromosomal aberrations were done. The results were as follows, 1) Down syndrome was the most common indication for chromosome analysis in the newborn period, consisting of 37.8 % of all cases referred. Other indications included skeletal anomaly, multi-organ anomalies, cleft lip/palate, ambiguous genitalia, odd looking face, gastrointestinal anomaly, central nervous system anomaly, and Turner syndrome. 2) Overall in 42.9 percent of cases referred, chromosomal abnormalities was found. 3) 1'he percentage of final diagnosis in suspected Down syndrome was 85.0 #96. Overall, of the non-Down syndrome cases, 16.7 96 was given a definitive diagnosis of chromosomal abnomality. In each disease category, 57.1 % of suspected Turner syndrome and 37.2 % of multi-organ anomalies had been proved having chromosomal abnormalities. The percentages of chromosomal aberrations in isolated odd looking face, ambiguous genitalia, and skeletal anomaly were relatively low, around 5 %. None of the newborns referred because of cleft lip/palate, congenital anomalies of gastrointestinal tract or central nervous system had abnormal karyotype. 4) 95.1 % of all cases diagnosed to have chromosomal abnormality had autosomal aberrations, the remainder 4.9 % had sex chromosomal aberrations. 5) Trisomy 21 was the most common numerical aberrations of autosomes, consisting of 87.5 % and trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and mosaicism was 7.1 %, 3.6 96 and 1.8 % of total. 6) 90.7 % of Down syndrome were due to trisomy 21, the rest being translocation (7.4 %) and mosaicism (1.9 %).
Abnormal Karyotype ; Central Nervous System ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Diagnosis ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Down Syndrome ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Karyotype* ; Lymphocytes ; Mosaicism ; Prevalence ; Trisomy ; Turner Syndrome

No abstract available.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices*

Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a biochemical syndrome as a deficiency of hydrogen in secretion by the distal tubule and collecting duct. Owing to the nature of the defect, hyperchloremic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis and high urine pH despite severe systemic acidosis is characterized. Typical manifestations of distal RTA are growth retardation, rickets, polyuria and nephrocalcinosis. We experienced a case of distal renal tubular acidosis in a 4 years old female child who complained of growth retardation and gait disturbance. She showed typical hyperchloremic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis and persistent high urine pH. In radiographic examination. we found delayed bone age and severe rachitic changes of wrist, elbow, and knee as well as nephrocalcinosis. In ammonium chloride loading test, high urine pH persisted despite the lowering blood HCO3- concentration. After alkali therapy, she is in well condition with excellent growth velocity and absence of rachitic changes.
Acidosis ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Alkalies ; Ammonium Chloride ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Elbow ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Knee ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Polyuria ; Rickets ; Wrist