No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of oral health education on kindergarten children. METHOD: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pre -post test design. Data was collected from April 1st to November 30th, 2001. The total samples were sixty seven healthy kindergarten children; the experiment group consisted of thirty three and the control group was thirty four children. The experimental group received an oral health education program daily for 20 minutes for four weeks. RESULT : There was significant improvements on oral health behavior in the experimental group. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli of the salivary variables in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. The dmft was lower in the experimental group than the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However it was significantly lower in the experimental group than control group over time. CONCLUSION: Oral health education for kindergarten children showed an increase in the use of tooth paste and practicing correct tooth brush usage. Also, it decreased the rate of eating cariogenic food and had a positive effect on oral health through suppressing dental cavities.
Child, Preschool ; *DMF Index ; Female ; *Health Education, Dental ; Humans ; Male ; *Oral Hygiene

No abstract available.
Bilophila*

No abstract available.
Bilophila*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify health promoting behavior and life satisfaction in rural elderly people. METHODS: The data were collected from October 1st 2002 to October 31th, 2003. The participants were 142 elderly people living in Hong Cheon, Korea. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: The average score for the health promoting behavior was 2.64 (+/-0.34), with a minimum of 1.48 and maximum of 3.80. The average scores for each subscale were, nutrition, 2.98, interpersonal support, 2.78, health responsibility, 2.67, self-actualization, 2.66, stress management, 2.58, and exercise, 1.93. Signifiant differences in health promoting behavior were found according to the following general characteristics: education level, religion, senior citizens center usage and allowance. The average score for life satisfaction was 2.68 (+/-0.42), with a minimum of 1.38 and a maximum of 3.85. Senior citizens center usage was the only general characteristics that showed a significant difference for life satisfaction. There was a significant positive correlation between health promoting behavior and life satisfaction (r= 0.5783, p=0.001). Self-actualization and stress management had statistically significant casual effects on life satisfaction (R2=0.3961). CONCLUSION: Effective methods to enhance life satisfaction of rural elderly should emphasize self-actualization and stress management.
Aged* ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Personal Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the positive aspects of sexual knowledge in high school students. METHOD: The participants were 1,106 students from two high school in Hong Cheon, Korea. Data were collected between June 1st and June 30th, 2001. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program to investigate responses to a structured questionnaire. RESULT: The level of sexual knowledge in the high school students was 13.83 (range 1 to 19). In terms of the response distribution for sexual knowledge by items, the correct response rate was highest for "wet dream", and the incorrect response rate was lowest for "sexually transmitted disease". There were significant differences in sexual knowledge according to the general characteristics of gender and grade (women: 14.07, men: 13.48; 12th grade: 14.52, 11th grade: 13.92, and 10th grade: 13.12). It was found that there were significant differences in sexual knowledge according to method of sex education, teacher, and effect of sex education. CONCLUSION: The level of sexual knowledge in high school students was low; thus, more effective methods to enhance the sexual knowledge of men students on sexually transmitted diseases and contraception are needed.
Contraception ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Sex Education ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the characteristics and symptoms of full-term newborns without risk factors who were diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 72 full-term newborns to 30 days of age who were diagnosed with ALRI from September 2011 to November 2013 and analyzed by multiplex real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Viruses were detected in 60 newborns (83.3%). Single viruses were observed in 56 newborns (77.7%). The most commonly detected viral agent was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (63.8%), followed by parainfluenza virus (6.9%), rhinovirus A/B (4.1%), and human coronavirus (2.7%). Clinical diagnoses of ALRI in newborns with a single virus included pneumonia (66.07%), bronchiolitis (30.43%), bronchitis (5.35 %), and croup (1.79%). There were no differences in epidemiological characteristics between RSV and other viruses. However, newborns diagnosed with RSV had prolonged hospitalizations and significantly increased respiratory rates. CONCLUSION: Respiratory viruses, especially RSV, are pivotal causes of ALRI in newborns. Further, studies on RSV severity and vaccination are necessary to reduce hospitalization and mortality of full-term infants.
Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Coronavirus ; Croup ; Diagnosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mortality ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Rate ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Rhinovirus ; Risk Factors* ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical result and complications of scleral fixation of foldable intraocular lenses. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 17 patients who had undergone scleral fixation of acrylic three-piece foldable intraocular lens. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity were improved in all eyes with time. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity were better than preoperative best corrected visual acuity in 14 eyes from 1.18+/-0.84 to 0.26 +/-0.25 in logMAR visual acuity. Estimated refractive error were 0.01+/-0.34 diopter in spherical equivalent preoperatively and .0.59+/-1.00 diopter postoperatively (p=0.02, paired t-test). The corneal astigmatic changes (dK) of mild against-the-rule astigmatism decreased as time passed. There was no intraoperative bleeding. There were postoperative complications such as increased intraocular pressure in 2 eyes, corneal epithelial defect in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of scleral fixation, by using acrylic foldable intraocular lens through small incision, we were able to reduce corneal astigmatism and complications due to large incision and therefore, improve visual acuity instantly.
Astigmatism ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of sexual knowledge of male high school students. METHOD: The participants were 503 male students from a high school in one county of Gangwon Province. The data were collected from May 1 to May 30, 2004. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS program to investigate the responses to the structured questionnaires used in the study. RESULTS: The level of sexual knowledge of high school students was 10.25(range 0 to 17). In terms of response distribution of sexual knowledge by items, the correct response rate was highest for "wet dream is discharge of semen during sleep", and the wrong response rate was lowest in "gonorrhea occurred most frequency in 15-25 year old adolescents". General characteristics showed significant differences in sexual knowledge depending on grade(grade 3 :10.45, grade 2: 10.40, grade1: 9.88). Depend on the sexual impulse and the solutions to sex problems, there were significant differences in sexual knowledge with respect to sexual characteristics. CONCLUSION: As a whole the sexual knowledge of the male high school students was low, sexual education programs for high school students should focus on sexually transmitted diseases and contraception.
Contraception ; Dreams ; Education ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Male* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; School Health Services ; Semen ; Sexuality ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

PURPOSE: The rate of malignancy in the follicular neoplasm (FN) or Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) of the thyroid gland is estimated as approximately 20~30%. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section examination are restricted in differentiating between benign and malignant. The aims of this study are to compare the differences of clinicopathologic features and to determine the risk factors for malignancy in patients with FN or HCN. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with FN or HCN who were diagnosed by FNAB, and underwent surgery at our institution between Jan. 2005 to Jun. 2010. We analyzed the risk factors for malignancy and the differences of clinicopathologic features in patients with FN or HCN. RESULTS: A total of 290 patients were enrolledin this study; 160 (55.2%) patients underwent thyroidectomy, 97 (60.6%) patients had FN, and 63 (39.4%) had HCN. Forty one (25.6%) patients were diagnosed as malignancy of these, 22 (22.7%) patients were FN and 19 (30.2%) were HCN (P=0.29). Two (2.1%) patients with FN and 10 (15.9%) with HCN (P=0.002) comcomitant papillary thyroid carcinoma were indentified by FNAB. Classification of nodules according to ultrasonographic findings in both neoplasms (P<0.05) and galectin-3 in FN (P<0.05) were predictive factors for malignancy. In addition, galectin-3 was a predictive factor for malignancy in indeterminate nodules on ultrasonography (USG) (P=0.028). CONCLUSION: Classification of nodules according to ultrasonographic findings and galectin-3 expression is helpful in predicting carcinoma of patients with FN or HCN.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Classification ; Frozen Sections ; Galectin 3 ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Thyroidectomy ; Ultrasonography