The authors attempted to examine the distribution of S-100 protein in the human fetal skin. Immunohistochemical staining(ABC rnethod) using anti-S-100 antibodies was carried out on skin specimens taken from 11 human fetuses ranging from 9 weeks to 27 weeks of estimated gestational age. At 9 weeks of estimated gestational age, the embryonic epidermis consisted of three cell layers,' the basal layer, intermediate layer and periderm, all of them being stained for S-100 protein. But after 18 weeks, the basal layer changed to be negative. Granular and cornified layer's, beginning their development at 22 weeks, were not stained for S-100 protein. Hair germ of 12 week-fetuses was recognized unstained as a bulge of basal cells. In fully differentiated structural components of the hair follicle after 18 weeks, the outer root sheath only was stained for S-100 protein whereas the inner root sheath, hair matrix cells and sebaceous glands were unstained. Eccrine gland germs developed at 12 weeks of embryonic life as undulation of the basal layer and were not, stained. And at 22 weeks, the secretory portion of the eccrine glands were formed in the dermis and stained for S-100 protein. Our present study suggests that the expression of S-100 protein can undergo considerable changes during ernbryonic differentiation in the epidermis and epidermal appendages.
Antibodies ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans* ; S100 Proteins ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

PURPOSE: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is known to be associated with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and cognitive impairment. In this retrospective observational study, we explored SVD markers on MRI relevant to spontaneous ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ICH group consisted of 150 consecutive patients with a first primary parenchymal ICH, and the control group consisted of 271 age- and sex-matched individuals who underwent brain MRI in a health care center. We compared cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), enlarged perivascular space (EPVS), and lacunae in the ICH and control groups. RESULTS: A total of 1278 CMB lesions were identified in 121 of the 150 patients in the ICH group (80.6%), while 77 CMB lesions were found in 32 of the 271 individuals in the control group (11.8%). WMH and EPVS were more severe and lacunae were more frequent in the ICH patients than in the control group. When receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, number of CMBs most significantly predicted ICH. All imaging markers were significantly associated with ICH in every age group. The location of CMBs coincided with the location of ICH, and ICH volume correlated with CMB count. CONCLUSION: All MRI markers for SVD were worse in ICH patients than in healthy controls, and these markers were prominent even in young ICH patients. Lacunae, WMH, EPVS, and CMB should be considered as factors related with spontaneous ICH.
Brain ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases ; Cognition Disorders ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Observational Study ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Stroke ; White Matter

PURPOSE: To analyze the radiologic findings of facial nerve schwannoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed CT and/or MR images and clinical history of eight patients with histologically provenfacial nerve schwannoma. After classifying this extratemporal and intratemporal types, clinical and radiologic findings were analysed. RESULTS: The most common clinical findings of facial nerve schwannoma were facial nervepalsy and hearing impairment in an intratemporal schwannoma(4/5), and a palpable parotid mass in an extratemporal schwannoma(3/3). On CT, each involved segment of intratemporal schwannomas(five cases) showed characteristic radiologic findings, while extratemporal schwannomas(three cases) showed masses of various types. On MRI, all tumors(two cases) showed hypointensity on T1WI, hyperintensity on T2WI, and strong enhancement on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI. CONCLUSION: Intratemporal facial nerve schwannomas can be easily diagnosed by characteristic clinical and radiologic findings. Extratemporal facial nerve schwannomas show nonspecific findings. However, if the tumor islocated between the superficial and the deep lobe of the parotid gland and extends to the posterior portion of thestyloid process, then facial nerve schwannoma is strongly suspected.
Facial Nerve* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma* ; Parotid Gland

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata patients has recently increased in number. The clinical features and therapeutic results of alopecia areata are diverse and unpredictable. OBJECTIVE: We, the authors, performed a study on alopecia areata in order to evaluate the clinical manifestations and compare the efficacies of treatment with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide suspension, immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone(DPCP), and photochemotherapy with psoralen plus UVA(PUVA). METHODS: A clinical study of 732 patients with alopecia areata including 33 cases of alopecia totalis and 46 cases of alopecia universalis was performed for 5 years, since March, 1996 to February, 2001 who visited to Alopecia Clinic at the Department of Dermatology, Collage of Medicine, Chung-Ang University. RESULTS: 1) The age distribution showed a peak incidence in the third decade(29.1%) and the mean age was 26.8 years and 136 cases(18.6%) showed alopecia areata in patients below 10 years old. 2) Previous episodes of alopecia were observed in 173 cases(23.6%) and 58 cases(7,9%) had family history of alopecia areata. 3) The most common site was the occipital region in both male and female patients, which were 251 cases(38.4%) and 218 cases(33.4%) respectively. 4) Associated diseases with alopecia areata included seborrheic dermatitis(97 cases), allergic contact dermatitis(25 cases), liver disease(22 cases), hypertension(18 cases), diabetes mellitus(16 cases), urticaria(16 cases), atopic dermatitis(14 cases) and thyroid disease(8 cases). 5) The efficacies of treatment modality had no statistical differences in DPCP immunotherapy, intralesional triamcinolone injection or photochemothrapy. CONCLUSION: There was no noticeable differences compared to previous studies on alopecia areata, except that increasing tendency of severe, recurrent, and refractory alopecia areata and number of chilclhood patients.
Age Distribution ; Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Child ; Dermatology ; Female ; Ficusin ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Incidence ; Injections, Intralesional ; Liver ; Male ; Photochemotherapy ; Thyroid Gland ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

No abstract available.
Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hand Injuries* ; Hand*

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient* ; Humans* ; Spermatozoa*

The variations of the sigmoid sinus were studied in 50 Korean adults (average age 67). The classification of the shape and a measurement of the diameters of the sinus were done and the morpological. 1. The shape was classified into 4 types, and the round type was the most common in both sides. S shaped type was below 10% in both sides. 2. The breadth was regular in 54% of the right and in 70% of the left sinuses. According to the breadth change, the shape was classified into 4 shapes. 3. The average diameter was 8.6mm on the right side and 7.2mm on the left side. 4. Symmetry was present in 16% of all. 5. The right transverse sinus was absent in 1 case (2%) and the superior petrosal sinus did not open into the sigmoid sinus in 2 cases (4%). 6. Petrosqamous sinus was observed in 16%.
Adult* ; Classification ; Colon, Sigmoid* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Somatotrophs*