The author analyzed detailed pattern of pelvic bone fracture in 52 cases of posterior urethral injuryassociated with pelvic bone fracture in male. The relationship between fracture and urethral injury was reviewed n38 cases who received retrograde urethrography at the time of injury. The pattern of urethral injury due to pelvicbone fracture was newly classified. The results were as follows; 1. In age distribution, the most common was 5thdecade(26.9%). 2. The most freqent type of pelvic rami fracture was two rami fracture(52%). 3. There was no casewith only the superior ramus fracture, and all cases were associated with inferior ramus fracture with or withoutsuperior ramus fracture. 4. In inferior ramus fracture, the ratio of ischial ramus fracture to pubic ramusfracture was 46.1:17.4. 5. In cases with only the ischial ramus or pubic ramus fracture, unilateral fractureexceeded bilateral fracture(44.2:19.3). 6. The bladder rupture was found in 10 among the total 52 cases, 9 ofwhich were associated with superior ramus fracture, and 8 were extraperitoneal type. 7. The most common type ofurethral injury was Type III(73.7%), and followed by Type II(10.5%), Type I(7.9%), and Type IV(7.9%). 8. Theseresults strongly suggested that the superior ramus frature was related to bladder rupture, and inferior ramusfracture to urethral injury.
Age Distribution ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Rupture ; Urinary Bladder

Staging of carcinoma of the urinary bladder is important for the choice of therapy and also has prognostic implications. Hitherto the staging has been based upon cystoscopy with bio psy, transurethral resection , and palpation with complementary radiographic examlnations such as cystography, urography, lymphangiography, ultrasound and angiography. However, with all these methods, the staging of bladder carcinomas still uncertain and inferior to CT. Authors analyzed CT staging of bladder cancers and compared with pathologic staging of laparotomy results. The results are as follows: 1. Overall accuracy of CT staging in bladder carcinoma was 72 percent. 2. Overstaging was 20 percent (5/25) and understaging was 8 percent (2/25). 3. All of CT stage B cancers were proven to be stage B, pathologlcally. 4. In 6 cases of CT stagec cancers,only one was correct,3 were overstaged and 2 were understaged. 5. In 7 cases of CT stage D cancers, 5 were correct and 2 were overstaged. 6. CT detected only 2 cases of pelvic Iymph node involvement in 4 of pathologically proven Iymphadenopathy.
Angiography ; Cystoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Lymphography ; Palpation ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

Paralytic hand is the ultimate result of permsnent damage of the central nervous system, failure of the functional repair of peripheral nerve injuries and extensive muscular or tendinous defect resulting in the impairment of hand function. There are a lot of controversies in the side of treatment methods in the paralytic hand, and it is very difficult to formulate the most adequate surgical reconstruction for a given pstient. At Depsrtment of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 66 cases oi paralytic hands in 62 patients have been treated surgically with tendon transfers for 7 years from Jan, 1980 to Dec, 1986. 49 case in 46 patients were followed up for more than one year, and surgical method and its results were anslysed. They consist of CNS lesion (17), peripheral nerve lesion(23) and musulotenidinous defect(9). The methods of surgical reconstruction were opponenesplasty(12), standard set extensor reconstruction(9), Green and Bsnks FCU transfer(11), intrinsic reconstruction(7), pronator rerouting(7), adductorplasty (5) and so on. The mean follow-up was 2.2 years, and in 38 cases good or excellent results were obtained.
Central Nervous System ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Seoul ; Tendon Transfer

Numerous operations have been described to treat the recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, but no one procedure was accepted as the choice of operation. We perforemed 6 Bristow procedures and 5 combined Bankart and Putti-Platt procedures and examined six shoulders by arthroscope from sep. 1989 to Sep. 1992, and we analysed the pathologic feature and the results of them. The average follow-up period was 2.2 years. 1. There were 8 males and 3 females and their average age was 33.7 years. The mean age in initial dislocation was 28 years. 2. The number of recurrent dislocation before operation was 17.9 times and the average duration of the disease was 5.7 years. 3. The pathologic lesions observed in intraoperative field were Hill-Sachs lesion (72.7%), Bankart lesion (90.9%), and the erosion of the glenoid rim (54.5%). On arthroscopic examination of 6 cases, Hill-Sachs lesion was found in 4 cases, Bankart lesion was seen in all of 6 cases, and the erosion of the glenoid rim was observed in 4 cases. 4. The average range of the limitation of external rotation was 17.3 and its significant difference was not observed between 2 operative groups. 5. By Rowes rating sheet, 4 cases of 5 combined Bankart and Putti-Platt operations were excellent and 1 case was good. 6. In conclusion, combined Bankart and Putt-Platt operation was considered as a good surgical procedure in the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder.
Arthroscopes ; Dislocations ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder

Four children with medically refractory multiform seizures were submitted for section of the corpus callosum for last 3 years. These patients had medically intractable generalized seizures diagnosed preoperatively as the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome characterized by a combination of seizure patterns, most frequently drop attack with generalized tonic-clonic, generalized tonic and atonic seizure. Guided by pre- and intra-operative electroencephalographic monitoring, the section was carried out in the anterior 2/3 or 4/5 part of callosum. Five to 28 months' postoperative follow-up suggests good results:Three patient showed no more drop attack except intermittent focal myoclonic seizures in 1 case and one patient had generalized seizures less in frequency than preoperative state. Corpus callosotomy seems to be an effective surgical approach for the intractable epilepsy with drop attack of multifocal origin, but longer follow-up is needed.
Child* ; Corpus Callosum ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Seizures ; Syncope

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the ability of cardiac blood pool clearance rates(CBCR) of 99mTc-DiSiDA in the measure merit of functioning hepatocyte mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the volume of Iobectomized liver after completion of postoperative scanning with CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA in 5 rabbits who the functional hepatic Iobectomy performed by ligation of hepatic artery, portal vein and biliary tracts. Regarding the measurement of CBCR of 99mTc-DISIDA, we set the time which was decreased to the half of the clearance amount of the cardiac radioactivity by hepatic extraction of 99mTc-DISIDA at the point of 50 sec after the renal peak of the radioactivity to prevent confusing with the blood dilution of the radioactivity, that have called DI-K50. RESULTS: The results were followed that the volumes of the functional hepatic Iobectomy in 5 rabbits were 25%, 25%, 41%, 52%, 75% and the residual functioning hepatocyte masses measured by CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA were preserved to 75. 1%, 70. 8%, 63. 0%, 52. 2%, 30. 8% respectively. CONCLUSION: we made decision that CBCR of 99rnTc-DISlDA was useful to evaluate the functioning hepatocyte mass.
Biliary Tract ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatocytes* ; Ligation ; Liver ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

The inverted nipple presents both cosmetic and functional problems and may create psychological trauma in the patients and nutritional deficiency in the new born infants, Histopathologically it is characterized by less fibroconnective tissue beneath the nipple, shortened and fewer functional lactiferous duct, and short dense fibrous tissue beneath it. Many surgical and non-surgical methods have been designed and introduces for correction of the inverted nipple. We experienced 46 inverted nipples in 25 patients at Korea University Guro Hospital. For correction of nipple inversion we used purse-string suture method, Elsahy method, Pitanguy method, and author's method which modified D'Assumpcao technique. Including recurred cases, 44 nipples were operates by author's method, were follow-up for more than one year. Of these, postpartum breast feeding was possible in all evaluated 8 nipples. Undercorrection was identified in 4 nipples, but nipple projection was maintained to some degree. Author's method was effective for correction of the inverted nipple with preservation of lactiferous duct and lew recurrence rate.
Breast Feeding ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Malnutrition ; Nipples* ; Postpartum Period ; Recurrence ; Sutures

There is increasing need for network connecting personal computers(PC) together. Thus Local Area Network(LAN) emerged, which was designed to allow multiple computers to access and share multiple files and programs and expensive peripheral devices and to communicate with each user. We built PC-LAN in our department that consisted of 1) hardware-9 sets of personal computers(IBM compatible 80386 DX, 1 set:80286 AT, 8sets) and cables and network interface cards (Ethernet compatible, 16bits) that connected PC and peripheral devices 2) software - network operating system and database management system. We managed this network for 6 months. The benefits of PC-LAN were 1) multiuser (share multiple files and programs, peripheral devices) 2) real time data processing 3) excellent expandibility and flexibility, compatibility, easy connectivity 4) single cable for networking ) rapid data transmission 6) simple and easy installation and management 7) using conventional PC's software running under DOS(Disk Operating System) without transformation 8) low networking cost. In conclusion, PC-LAN provides an easier and more effective way to manage multiuser database system needed at hospital departments instead of more expensive and complex network of minicomputer or mainframe.
Database Management Systems ; Hospital Departments ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Minicomputers ; Pliability ; Running

Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is an exercise-based treatment program designed to promote vestibular adaptation and substitution. The goals of VRT are 1) to enhance gaze stability, 2) to enhance postural stability, 3) to improve vertigo, and 4) to improve activities of daily living. VRT facilitates vestibular recovery mechanisms: vestibular adaptation, substitution by the other eye-movement systems, substitution by vision, somatosensory cues, other postural strategies, and habituation. The key exercises for VRT are head-eye movements with various body postures and activities, and maintaining balance with a reduced support base with various orientations of the head and trunk, while performing various upper-extremity tasks, repeating the movements provoking vertigo, and exposing patients gradually to various sensory and motor environments. VRT is indicated for any stable but poorly compensated vestibular lesion, regardless of the patient's age, the cause, and symptom duration and intensity. Vestibular suppressants, visual and somatosensory deprivation, immobilization, old age, concurrent central lesions, and long recovery from symptoms, but there is no difference in the final outcome. As long as exercises are performed several times every day, even brief periods of exercise are sufficient to facilitate vestibular recovery. Here the authors review the mechanisms and the key exercises for each of the VRT goals.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cues ; Exercise ; Head ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Orientation ; Posture ; Vertigo ; Vision, Ocular

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female