No abstract available.
Brain Abscess* ; Brain*

No abstract available.
Brain Abscess* ; Brain*

No abstract available.
Rhizotomy* ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

No abstract available.
Ataxia* ; Brain Stem Neoplasms* ; Mesencephalon*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Psychosurgery*

BACKGROUND: Generally, it has been thought that the prognosis of breast cancer in young women is worse than that in their older counterparts. This, however, remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of breast cancer in the young age group. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three patients under 35 years of age (younger group) at the time of diagnosis were selected from among the of total 936 female breast-cancer patients treated at the Breast Cancer Clinic of Asan Medical Center from July 1989 to December 1996, and they were compared with the 803 patients over 35 years of age (older group). RESULTS: Inadequately diagnosed cases of breast cancer, including a dense breast on mammography, were more frequent among the younger group (p=0.0005). The median tumor size of invasive ductal carcinomas was larger (3.0 cm vs 2.4 cm). The rate of lymph-node metastasis was high (58.6% vs 46.1%). The rate of early breast cancer (stage 0 and I) was lower (25.3% vs 42.6%). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was less (56.6% vs 73.7%, p=0.037), but no differences in operative methods, 5-year overall survival rate, and disease-free survival rate based on the different stages were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that in the younger group (under 35 years of age), the breast cancer was more advanced, the lymph-node metastasis rate was higher, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was significantly lower, but the 5-year overall survival rate was not significantly different from that in the older group.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis* ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: In order to evaluate the degree of manganese exposure and its health hazards effect on welders in manufacturing industry. METHODS: The author measured airborne, blood and urine concentrations of manganese and blood chemistry, and also observed clinical symptoms and signs on 60 welders for case an.d 60 non-welders for control working in manufacturing industry by age maching method. RESULTS: The geometric means of blood and urine concentrations of manganese were 1.13 +/- 1.38 microgram /dI and 2.52 +/- 1.37 microgram /I for Welders group, 1.09 +/- 1.68 microgram /dl and 1.86 +/- 1.34 microgram / I for Non-welders group. Airborne concentration of manganese was 0. 15 +/- 1.66 mg/m3 for exposured group, and the urinary mean concentration of manganese was statistically significant difference between exposured and non-welders group (P < 0.05). Clinical signs in welders group were palmomentle reflex (23.3%), tremor (20.0%) and grabellar sign (5.0%). Symptoms in welders group were fatigue (66.7%), amnesia (66.7%), excessive sweating (51.7%), nervousness (51.7%), general weakness (48. 3%) and arthralgia (46.7%) and so on, and there was statistically significant difference compared to non-welders group (P<0.05). Manganese exposure effects on blood chemistry were not observed. There were statistically significant correlation between manganese concent- ration in blood and urine (r=0. 269), airborne and urine (r=0. 601) and airborne and blood (r=0. 268). CONCLUSION: The author suggest that further studies are followed to evaluate the health status of welders whose blood and urine manganese concentrations were below normal reference level, and to establish the questionnaire and the diagnostic tools for early detecting the chronic manganese poisioning on welders.
Amnesia ; Anxiety ; Arthralgia ; Chemistry ; Fatigue ; Manganese* ; Questionnaires ; Reflex ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tremor

Over the last decades, the use of endoscope in neurosurgery gradually gained importance. Although the major indication of neuroendoscopic procedure is intraventricular procedures, the experience of neuroendoscopic intervention of intraventricular hemathoma is rather small. The authors present our experience of four patients with acute ventricular dilatation with intraventricular hematoma through frame-based stereotactic guidance. Through neuroendoscopic intervention, the clot was removed more than 80% each procedure. After the procedure, the silastic catheter was left for continuous intraventricular pressure monitoring. Neither thrombolytic agent nor hyperosmolar treatment was needed postoperatively. There was no mortality or morbidity directly related to endoscopic procedure itself. Brief overview of this technique is given.
Catheters ; Dilatation ; Endoscopes ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Neuroendoscopes ; Neurosurgery ; Ventricular Pressure

Intraspinal lipomas are rare, benign neoplasms, comprising less than 1% of all intradural spinal tumors. Such tumors occur in the thoracic and cervical region, however, extension into the posterior fossa is most unusual. A case of large cervical intradural spinal liplma with extension into the posterior fossa in adult female is presented. Clinical feature was slowly progressing quadriparesis. Brain and cervical spine computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis and Magnetic resonance imaging was very useful for delineation of the anatomy of the lipoma as an aid in planning the operation. Operative therapy consisted of combined suboccipital craniectomy, spinal laminotomy and laminoplasty, subtotal tumor decompression.
Adult ; Brain ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Quadriplegia ; Spine