No abstract available.
Facial Paralysis* ; Humans ; Malocclusion*

No abstract available.
Femur* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Joints*

PURPOSE: Axillary lymph node metastases are the single most important predictor of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Micrometastases are defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer as tumor foci less than or equal to 2 mm in greatest dimension. Recently, up to 30% of breast cancer patients were reported to have micrometastases. In this paper, to assess the rate of micrometastases in patients with stage I breast cancer, we attempted to determine the most useful marker of the micrometastases in node negative cases by routine histopathologic examination of regional lymph nodes and comparison of the results with the influencing factors on prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed immunohisto chemical staining for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 and CEA to identify which protein was the most useful marker for the detection of micrometastases in 86 node negative cases and determined the correlation between histological and clinical data. RESULTS: A total of 5 lymph nodes in 5 separate cases showed micrometastases among the total 1,296 lymph nodes and 86 cases. The rates of micrometastases of lymph nodes and cases were 0.38% and 5.8%, respectively. The tumor type of micrometastasis was infiltrating ductal carcinoma in all cases. None of the microme tastases cases showed any relationship with tumor grade, tumor size, expression of ER and PR, patient survival rate or recurrence rate. The most useful marker to detect micrometastases was pancytokeratin. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that micrometastasis of axillary lymph nodes does not carry any independent prognostic significance.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Joints ; Keratin-20 ; Keratin-7 ; Keratins* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Humans

Spasticity is a wide variety of motor problems to connote difficulty with coordinated movements, involuntary spasma, rigidity. Abnormal primitive reflexes and hyperactive reflexes. Electrophysiologically, spasticity is represented as the involuntary firing of motor units on a reflex basis at a polysynaptic spinal cord level, associated with interruption of descending cortical pathways. Although many procedures have been tried over the years to combat this spasticity, and the multitude of procedures indicates that none are entirely satisfactory, the reduction in spasticity produced by dentatotomy has been confirmed in many neurological centers. The F-wave is a late response recorded in the electromyography of a muscle following stimulation of its nerve supply. There is evidence that the size of the F-wave is dependent on motor neuron excitability. If such a relationship exists, procedures which are carried out to relieve motor neuron excitability might be expected to change F-wave size and it might therefore be possible to use the F-wave as an objective monitor during stereotactic dentatotomy. We have investigated this possiblity in 10 cats, weighing 2.8 to 3.7kg each. The size of F-wave Amplitude in experimental animals were devided into 2 groups, normal control group values(10 cats, before dentatotomy) and the dentatotomy group values(10 cats after dentatotomy). The F-wave size and F/M ratio were recorded from right tibialis anterior muscle after application of supramaximal stimulation(250 V. 100 mA. 2 Hz. 10 times) on the right peroneal nerve. The results were as follows: 1) The size of M-wave amplitude did not change significantly in experimental models(before dentatotomy, 2805.5+/-1012.3 microV;dentatotomy group, 2555.5+/-725.9 microV, P>0.05). 2) The individual size of F-wave showed a wide variability from each stimulus, which emphasizes the importance of using 0 stimulating responses. The mean value of F-wave amplitude before dentatotomy was 436.5+/-113.2microV. 3) The size of F-wave amplitude was significantly reduced after dentatotomy(before dentatotomy, 436.5+/-113.2microV;after dantatotomy: 212.5+/-49.3microV, P<0.05). The size of F-wave amplitude decreased about 48.6% after dentatotomy. 4) The F/M ratio also significantly reduced after dentatotomy(before dentatotomy, 17.1+/-6.6%;after dentatotomy, 8.5+/-1.2%, P<0.05) and mean reduction was 49.7%. The results demonstrated that the dentatotomy markedly decreased the size of F-wave amplitude in experimental cats and indicated that the monitoring of F-wave amplitude during dentatotomy might be useful as an objective monitor for the relief of spasticity.
Animals ; Cats* ; Dyskinesias ; Electromyography ; Fires ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle Spasticity ; Peroneal Nerve ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord

No abstract available.
Danazol* ; Panniculitis*

Intraspinal lipomas are rare, benign neoplasms, comprising less than 1% of all intradural spinal tumors. Such tumors occur in the thoracic and cervical region, however, extension into the posterior fossa is most unusual. A case of large cervical intradural spinal liplma with extension into the posterior fossa in adult female is presented. Clinical feature was slowly progressing quadriparesis. Brain and cervical spine computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis and Magnetic resonance imaging was very useful for delineation of the anatomy of the lipoma as an aid in planning the operation. Operative therapy consisted of combined suboccipital craniectomy, spinal laminotomy and laminoplasty, subtotal tumor decompression.
Adult ; Brain ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Quadriplegia ; Spine

Interference with visual pathways is usually not caused by intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery rarely produce visual symptoms and signs in spite of their proximity to the visual pathways. The reason may be that these aneurysms rupture and present with subarachnoid hemorrhage before becoming large enough to exert significant pressure on the chiasm or optic nerves. The visual symptoms would be presented as visual field defect or impaired vision. These can be explained as the result of direct compression of the optic pathways, ischemic changes in the visual pathways caused by severe vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intraocular pathology such as retinal hemorrhage. 2 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms associated with visual symptoms are presented with a brief review of literatures.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Optic Nerve ; Pathology ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways

Acute infarcts of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory are unusual. Furthermore incomplete AICA infarcts are perplexing because of its variations of vascular anatomy and inconsistent clinical features. We present a case with clinical features of AICA infarction, which consist of ipsilateral peripheral-type facial palsy, vertigo, and contralateral facial and upper limb sensory changes without motor weakness. The patient had hypertension and was a current smoker. The high signal intensity on inferior pontine tegmental area was found on MRI and the R2 interneuronal dysfunction was note on Blink reflex. The angiographic findings didn't show any focal vascular lesions, which is contrary to the pathogenesis of AICA infarction published previously. On the clinical ground, the present case reserves to attention in that patients with peripheral-type facial palsy should be properly evaluated and with thorough neurological examination and we could differentiate between the incomplete AICA infarcts such as Gasperini syndrome and Bell's palsy.
Arteries ; Bell Palsy ; Blinking ; Facial Paralysis* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Interneurons ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Upper Extremity ; Vertigo