No abstract available.
Blood Glucose* ; Critical Illness* ; Humans ; Mortality*

The internal morphology of the right and left atria of rabbit, cat, pig, and human, particularly on the luminal structures of the auricle, were observed by stereomicroscope improving corrosion casting method using latex. Structures of the right auricular casts markedly differ from those of the left side, consisting of defined surface sturctures with distinct folds and branching patterns. The main atrial region consists of smooth surfaced single mass of the latex, and the auricular region is characterized by well developed branching patte and delicate small folds. The results of this study indicate that auricula have well organized duct-like luminal structures and many small pouches (out-pocketings) expanding the internal wall of the duct-like structures and small pouches. The endocardial nuclear imprints on the surface of the folds in the auricular region appeared larger and deeper than those on the atrium proper region of the atrial cast. These morphological observation will be aid in understanding structures of auricular lumen, regional differences of the endocardium and their function to the secretory process of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.
Animals* ; Cats ; Corrosion Casting* ; Corrosion* ; Endocardium ; Humans ; Latex ; Methods* ; Phenobarbital* ; Secretory Pathway

BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity is related to insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle plays a central role in insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, little is known about the association between muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study is to clarify the clinical role of skeletal muscle mass in development of MS. METHODS: A total of 1,042 subjects were enrolled. Subjects with prior MS and chronic diseases were excluded. After 24 months, development of MS was assessed using NCEP-ATP III criteria. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM; kg), body fat mass (BFM; kg), and visceral fat area (VFA; cm2) were obtained from bioelectrical analysis. Then, the following values were calculated as follows: percent of SMM (SMM%; %): SMM (kg)/weight (kg), skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg/m2): SMM (kg)/height (m2), skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR): SMM (kg)/BFM (kg), and skeletal muscle to visceral fat ratio (SVR; kg/cm2): SMM (kg)/VFA (cm2). RESULTS: Among 838 subjects, 88 (10.5%) were newly diagnosed with MS. Development of MS increased according to increasing quintiles of BMI, SMM, VFA, and SMI, but was negatively associated with SMM%, MFR, and SVR. VFA was positively associated with high waist circumference (WC), high blood pressure (BP), dysglycemia, and high triglyceride (TG). In contrast, MFR was negatively associated with high WC, high BP, dysglycemia, and high TG. SVR was negatively associated with all components of MS. CONCLUSION: Relative SMM ratio to body composition, rather than absolute mass, may play a critical role in development of MS and could be used as a strong predictor.
Adipose Tissue ; Adiposity ; Body Composition ; Chronic Disease ; Glucose ; Hypertension ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscles ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

The incidence of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is increasing worldwide, but the diagnosis is difficult. Most patients are asymptomatic or complain of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. As the endoscopic features of gastric MALT lymphoma are variable and nonspecific, the possibility of this condition may be overlooked during esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and it remain undiagnosed. Therefore, this condition needs to be considered when an abnormal mucosa is observed during this procedure. Biopsy performed during endoscopy is the primary diagnostic test, but false negative results are possible; large numbers of samples should be collected from both normal and abnormal mucosae. Endoscopic ultrasonography is useful to assess the depth of invasion and to predict the treatment response. After treatment, follow-up tests are required every 3 months until complete remission is achieved, and annually thereafter. Early diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma is difficult, and its diagnosis and follow-up require wide experience and competent endoscopic technique.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Early Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Endosonography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Mucous Membrane ; Stomach Neoplasms

Oral cholecystogaraphy after ingestaion of the 3.0 gr. Sodium tyropanoate (Bilopaque) was done in 504 patiens from Jan. 1983 to Aug. 1983. Simple supine views of the abdomen of 37 patient, in whom the gall bladder was eithrer nonvisualized or faintly visualized upto 17 houurs after Bilopaque administration, were reviewed in search of the presence of conjugatd material in the bowel. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of male to female was nearly 2:3, and age distribution was even from 20 years to 79 years. 2. Among 26 cases which showed conjugated Bilopaque in the bowel, cholecystitis with stoens was 20 cases(77% and acalculus cholecystitis was 6 cases(23%).3. Among 11 cases which showed no conjugated Bilopaque in the bowel hepatitis was 3 cases (28%) and clonorchis sinensis, salmonellosis, pancreatitis, acute gastrities was 2 cases (13%) respectively. 4. All of the 20 cases of cholecystitis with stone showed conjugated Bilopaque in the bowel. 5. Among 6 cases of which conjugated Bilopaquein the bowel, salmonellosis was 1 case(17%) and remaining 5 cases (83%) were acalculus cholelcystitis. 6. The results of our study show that the presence of conjugated Bilopaque in the bowel in nonvisualized or faintly visualized gall bladder after oral cholecystography is of definite indicative of cholecystitis. 7. Surgical intervention or ultrasonographic examination of the gall bladder without double dose or second dose oral cholecystography on such cases is recommended.
Abdomen ; Age Distribution ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystography ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; Salmonella Infections ; Tyropanoate ; Urinary Bladder

CT has become one of the most important diagnostic method in the evaluation of ruptured intracranial aneurysm with direct detection of subarachnoid, intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage, and identification of complications such as recurrent bleeding, hydrocephalus and infarction secondary to arterial spasm. Angiography gives precise information on the location, size of aneurysm and presence of arterial spasm. Authors attempted toperedict the location of ruptured intracranial aneurysm confiremd by CT and angiography at Keimyung University Hospital for last 2 years. The results were as follows; 1 The age and sex distribution; the most prevalent agegroup was 5th to 6th decades (70%), and female patient was slightly more than male patient(57.5%: 42.5%). 2. The locaiton of aneruysms were; posterior communicating artery group 17 cases (42.2%), middle cerebral artery group 10 cases (25.0%), anterior communicating artery group 7 cases (17.5%), basilar artery bifucation 1 case (2.5%),posterior inferior cerebellar artery 1 case(2.5%), and multiple aneurysms 4 case (10%) in order to frequency. 3.Characteristic distributions of intracranial hemorrhage in CT were as follows; 1) In 6 cases (85.7%) of anterior communicating artery aneurysm, interhemispheric fissure hemorrhage was noted. 2) The ipsilateral sylvian fisuurehemorrhage was noted in all cases of middle cerebral artery aneurysm(10 cases) and 12 cases (70.6%) of posterior communicating artery aneurysm. 3) Localized hematoma in frontal lobe near interhemispheric fissure (2 cases:28.6%), septum pellucidum (1 case: 14.3%) and corpus callosum (1 case: 14.3%) were characteristic in anterior communicating artery aneurysm. 4) Comma-shape sylvian fissure hematoma (5 cases: 50%) and temporal lobe hematomanear sylvian fissure (5 cases: 50%) may indicate middle cerebral artery anerysm, 5) Intraventricular hemorrhage (6cases: 15%) has no particular predilection of aneurysmal location. 4. In 9 patients (22.5%) of clinicallysuggesting subarachnoid hemorrhage, no extravasated blood was noted in preenhancement CT alone. 5. Six cases (15%)showed aneurysm itself on preenhancement CT as a round or ovoid hyperdense area or isodense area with mass effectsuch as cisternal obliteration. 6. Hydrocephalus was noted in 9 cases (22.5%). 7. There was no direct correlation between the size of the intracranial aneurysm and extent of the hemorrhage in CT, and between the size of the intracranial aneurysm and clinical grade. 8. There was direct correlation between the extent of blood in CT andclinical grade.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Corpus Callosum ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Septum Pellucidum ; Sex Distribution ; Spasm ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Temporal Lobe

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an effective treatment in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma associated with H. pylori infection. However, the treatment strategy in gastric MALT lymphoma patients who are H. pylori-negative or unresponsive to H. pylori eradication therapy remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy of treatments other than H. pylori eradication therapy in these groups of patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center study based on the medical records of patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at Yeungnam University Medical Center between January 2005 and December 2016. Patients were treated with H. pylori eradication therapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy according to their H. pylori infection status and stage of gastric MALT lymphoma. RESULTS: Of the 68 eligible patients, 50 were enrolled in the study. Of the 42 patients with H. pylori-positive gastric MALT lymphoma, 36 (81.7%) were treated with H. pylori eradication therapy as primary treatment and 25 (69.4%) achieved a complete response (CR). Patients without a CR after H. pylori eradication therapy (n=11, 30.6%) received radiotherapy as a secondary treatment. Two patients with H. pylori-positive gastric MALT lymphoma and eight with H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphoma received radiotherapy as the primary treatment. CR was achieved in all 21 patients treated with radiotherapy as primary or secondary treatment. The 5-year progression-free survival rate after radiotherapy was 92.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy may be a worthwhile treatment option in patients with H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma or H. pylori-positive MALT lymphoma that is not responsive to H. pylori eradication therapy.
Academic Medical Centers ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Medical Records ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Treatment Outcome*

BACKGROUND: C-fos is a marker of neuronal activity and its expression may be related to various types of stimulation of primary sensory neurons. We evaluated the effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on c-fos expression in rat brain, which was expected to have the same effect as stellate ganglion block in human. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (140-150 g) were divided into 4 groups; a no treatment (control group, n = 10), a 2 hour enflurane inhalation (anesthesia group, n = 10), a cervical skin incision only group (sham group, n = 10) and a superior cervical ganglionectomy group (sympathectomy group, n = 10). Two hours after each procedure, rats were killed and perfused with formaldehyde solution. c-fos protein expressions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, amygdala and cingulate gyrus were examined by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody. RESULTS: In the thalamus, c-fos expression increased in the sympathectomy group vs. the control and the anesthesia groups, and in the sham group vs. the control group. In amygdala, the sham group showed significantly higher c-fos expression than the control group. In the hypothalamus and cortex no significant differences among the 4 groups were apparent. In the cingulate gyrus higher c-fos expression was observed than the control and anesthesia group but no differences with sham group. CONCLUSIONS: Superior cervical ganglionectomy itself may not affect c-fos expression in rat brain. For best results special effort should be made to avoid surgical or emotional stress.
Amygdala ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Brain* ; Enflurane ; Formaldehyde ; Ganglionectomy* ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhalation ; Male ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Skin ; Stellate Ganglion ; Stress, Psychological ; Sympathectomy ; Thalamus

Thyrold storm, when related to surgery, usually develops within 6~18 hours postoperatively, with symptoms and signs of pyrexia, marked tachycardia, susceptability to severe hypotension, and restlessness. There are a few case reports of thyroid storm related to thyroid surgery or the surgery related to non thyroid surgery with the patient of the hyperthyroidism. We have experienced anesthetic management and postoperative thyroid storm management. The patient have had brain tumor and Grave's disease which was treated with antlthyroid agents and beta-blocking agents to mate the patient euthyroid state for two weeks by the internist. The patient tolerated the two hours of general anesthesia well, but on the first postoperative day, thyroid storm was developed with symptoms and signs of dyspnea, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and tachycardia. After thirty minutes to start the treatment with antithyroid agents, betablocking agents, sedatives and electrolyte balance, the thyroid storm was treated and the patient was discharged on the twenty first postoperative days with healthy state.
Anesthesia, General ; Antithyroid Agents ; Brain Neoplasms ; Diarrhea ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Hypotension ; Nausea ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Tachycardia ; Thyroid Crisis* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Vomiting ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

The incidence of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is increasing worldwide, but the diagnosis is difficult. Most patients are asymptomatic or complain of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. As the endoscopic features of gastric MALT lymphoma are variable and nonspecific, the possibility of this condition may be overlooked during esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and it remain undiagnosed. Therefore, this condition needs to be considered when an abnormal mucosa is observed during this procedure. Biopsy performed during endoscopy is the primary diagnostic test, but false negative results are possible; large numbers of samples should be collected from both normal and abnormal mucosae. Endoscopic ultrasonography is useful to assess the depth of invasion and to predict the treatment response. After treatment, follow-up tests are required every 3 months until complete remission is achieved, and annually thereafter. Early diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma is difficult, and its diagnosis and follow-up require wide experience and competent endoscopic technique.