No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

The authors presented a case of malignant melanoma of the choroid which had been unsuspected clinically. The patient, 38-year-old female, came to Korea General Hospital on Dec. 5-1973 because of blind painful eye and white pupil in the left side. And she was told at local clinic that she had retinal detachment in that eye about 3 years ago. We thought of this case as secondary glaucoma due to swollen lens behind at first. Therefore cryoextraction of the lens was performed for relieving the ocular pain, on Dec. 5-1973. Increased I.O.P., however, had been persisted and ocular pain had not been improved until the patient entered this hospital again on Jan. 25-1974. Enucleation was performed and choroidal malignant melanoma (spindle type) was proven by histopathological study. The patient was instructive to us that we should always remind the possibilities of intraocular tumor behind the opaque media, in cases of unilateral glaucomatous blind eye with shallow anterior chamber.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Choroid* ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Melanoma* ; Pupil ; Retinal Detachment

After the immunization of pigmented guinea pigs with bovine rod outer segments in complete Freund's adjuvant, the regional lymph nodes were excised, teased and sedimented by centrifugation. These fresh lymphocytes were injected intravitreally (a single injection of 10 X 10 cells in 50 micro l) in 18 eyes. The involvement of the ciliary body and the choroid with polymorphonuclear leucoytes and later with round cells was noted in 16 eyes. Destructions of the visual cells of the retina were demonstrated in 8 eyes. When the fresh lymphocytes were injected subconjunctivally (50 X 10 cells in 30 micro l) four times. four of the 8 eyes showed slight infiltrations of the ciliary body and the choroid with round cells. No retinal lesion was found. Following repeated freezing and thawing of the lymphocytes. transfer experiments wereperformed with the nonviable cells and their extracts respectively. In 8 eyes injected intravitreally with nonviable cells. 2 eyes showed the infiltration of the uvea with round cells, whereas. of 6 eyes injected subconjunctivally, only one eye showed such changes. The extracts of lymphocytes were injected intravitreally in 8 eyes of which 5 eyes demon-strated moderate degree of infiltration of the uvea. Of 2 eyes injected subconjunctivally, 2 eyes. showed slight histological changes. As control experiments, lymphocytes taken from animals immunized. only with the adjuvant were treated as before and transferred to normal animals. Only one eye of 3 eyes received single intravitreal injection of fresh cells showed slight degree of infiltration of the uvea. Thus it can be concluded that the experimental autoimmune uveitis in guinea pigs could be transferred to normal animals by the transfer of non-viable lymphocytes and especially by their extracts.
Animals ; Centrifugation ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Freezing ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunization ; Intravitreal Injections ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Rod Cell Outer Segment ; Uvea ; Uveitis*

A case, 25-year-old male student who is thought to have been suffered from glaucomatocyclitic crises in the left eye, is presented. Authors have followed this patient for about one and a half years. During the time, 10 times of recurrent unilateral attacks of ocular hypertension have been noted with assoicated mild iridocyclitis. An attempt was made to evaluate the clinical pictures and review the literatures.
Adult ; Humans ; Iridocyclitis ; Male ; Ocular Hypertension

In order to investigate the effects of diathermy and cryosurgery on the scleral shrinkage, nonperforating surface diathermy and cryocautery were applied in rabbits eyes. The premarked scleral segments were measured by corneal microscope with micrometer, and the resultant elevation of the intraocular pressures was pressures was measured by Schiotz tonometer. In the eyes treated by 10 diathermy in 5 X 3mm area, average 20.1% of scleral shrinkage was observed. There was no significant difference between shrinkages in the meridional and latitudinal directions. In the eyes treated by cryopencil no significant changes were found. Diathermy applications in 3 X 10mm area in the sclera induced 36.9% increase in the intraocular pressure which lasted about 9 minutes. On the other hand, cryoapplication did not produce such an elevation in ocular tension.
Cryosurgery ; Diathermy* ; Hand ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits* ; Sclera

BACKGROUND: C-fos is a marker of neuronal activity and its expression may be related to various types of stimulation of primary sensory neurons. We evaluated the effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on c-fos expression in rat brain, which was expected to have the same effect as stellate ganglion block in human. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (140-150 g) were divided into 4 groups; a no treatment (control group, n = 10), a 2 hour enflurane inhalation (anesthesia group, n = 10), a cervical skin incision only group (sham group, n = 10) and a superior cervical ganglionectomy group (sympathectomy group, n = 10). Two hours after each procedure, rats were killed and perfused with formaldehyde solution. c-fos protein expressions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, amygdala and cingulate gyrus were examined by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody. RESULTS: In the thalamus, c-fos expression increased in the sympathectomy group vs. the control and the anesthesia groups, and in the sham group vs. the control group. In amygdala, the sham group showed significantly higher c-fos expression than the control group. In the hypothalamus and cortex no significant differences among the 4 groups were apparent. In the cingulate gyrus higher c-fos expression was observed than the control and anesthesia group but no differences with sham group. CONCLUSIONS: Superior cervical ganglionectomy itself may not affect c-fos expression in rat brain. For best results special effort should be made to avoid surgical or emotional stress.
Amygdala ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Brain* ; Enflurane ; Formaldehyde ; Ganglionectomy* ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhalation ; Male ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Skin ; Stellate Ganglion ; Stress, Psychological ; Sympathectomy ; Thalamus

BACKGROUND: Untreated malignant gastrointestinal obstruction is rapidly fatal and causes various symptoms and malnutrition, and so decreases the quality of life and shortens the survival. We reviewed clinical characteristics and analyzed prognostic factors in terminal cancer patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 63 patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction who had been confirmed by endoscopy or colonoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series or barium study and proper radiologic study at Sam Anyang hospital from May in 2002 to December in 2004. We excluded patients with palliative tumor resection. We analyzed prognostic factors for overall survival and symptom-free survival. RESULTS: There were 30 males (48%) and 33 females (52%), and median age of 63 patients was 64 years. The cause of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction was colorectal (26 patients, 41%), stomach (19, 30%), pancreas (4, 6%) and others (14, 23%). Twenty one patients (33%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 score and 42 patients (67%) 3 or 4 score. Forty two patients (67%) have been performed palliative procedures and 21 patients (33%) have not. Median survival of patients with palliative procedure was significantly higher than that of patients who have not been performed palliative procedures (144 days v 45 days, p=0.0001). By mutivariate analysis, palliative procedures and performance status were independent prognostic factors. However, age, gender, primary cancer, site of obstruction, and previous chemotherapy were not independent prognostic factors. Performance status was only independent prognostic factor that improves symptom free survival in patients with palliative procedures (p=0.014) and median symptom free survival was 90 days. There was no mortality on palliative procedures. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that palliative procedures and performance status are significant independent prognostic factors in terminal cancer patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction.
Barium ; Colonoscopy ; Drug Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach

Ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia are a classical triad of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). The experience of dizziness secondary to ophthalmoplegia is also not uncommon. However, nystagmus is rare and vertigo, a symptom of vestibulocerebellar dysfunction, has not been reported yet. A 56-year-old woman visited our hospital due to sudden vertigo. Initial examination revealed nystagmus evoked by a bilateral horizontal gaze with left side dysmetria. The next day, her symptoms rapidly aggravated to ophthalmoplegia, severe ataxia, areflexia, and quadriplegia. She was diag-nosed with MFS and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. On the fourth day, she developed respiratory fail-ure and a ventilator was applied. Twenty-eight days after her admission, she recovered to the point of walking without any aid and was discharged with minimal disability. There are still controversies surrounding the nosology of MFS and many investigators have reported evidence for brainstem involvement. Vertigo can be additional evidence for the involvement of the central nervous system in MFS.
Ataxia ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Dizziness ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Middle Aged ; Miller Fisher Syndrome* ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Research Personnel ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vertigo* ; Walking

From 39 eyes of 31 cases which received the cataract operation performed under the surface anesthesia by 2 specialists, 2 senior, 1 third and 1 first year residents at Red cross Society, the following results were obtained. 1. The maximal value of intraocular pressure was 19.0mmHg, minimal value, 11.5mmHg and the average, 14.9mmHg just before the cataract operation. 2. The rupture of the capsule was 21.4% and the loss of vitreous body, 7.1% in intraocular lens extrations. 3. The degree of anteior projetion of the eyes had not direct relationship with the intracapsular lens extraction. 4. All patients who received the cataract operation were required sufficient akinesia sedation. 5. Within normal intraocular pressure, the intraocular pressure didn't seem to have any effect to the loss of vitreous body.
Anesthesia ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Red Cross ; Rupture ; Specialization ; Vitreous Body

A 66-year-old man visited author's institute complaining of the swelling on the submandibular gland area. Clinically, the exophytic mass penetrated the skin of the submandibular area. On MRI, the lesion occupied the left submandibular space and extended downward, protruding exterior to the subcutaneous fat layer, but the center of the lesion was located on the side of the skin and the growth exterior to the skin was prominent. Demarcation of the lesion and the submandibular gland was unclear. Histopathologically the epithelial nests and keratin production were seen, then the biopsy result was squamous cell carcinoma. The stroma of lesion showed a myxoid characteristic and some ducts showed metaplasia of the ductal cells, which suggested the gland-origin carcinoma. However, lots of keratin production and carcinomatous change of cells continuous to the normal epithelium of the skin, the skin-origin carcinoma invading into the submandibular gland area could not be excluded.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Metaplasia ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Submandibular Gland