No abstract available.
Incontinentia Pigmenti*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Liver*

Rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the chest wall is a rare malignant tumor in children and was considered to be guarded in prognosis previously. However, recent advances in multidisciplinary treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children have improved the disease free survival rate. Authors report a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, stage III, originating from the chest wall who is surviving free of disease for 15 months with aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar* ; Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax*

In 2016, the clinical chemistry proficiency-testing program consisted of 21 programs, including the general chemistry program of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service. The general chemistry program consisted of 28 test items and was conducted using two level control materials four times per year. Based on the information and results for each test item entered by each institution, statistical analysis data according to test method, instrument, and reagent were reported. The report comprised a general statistics report showing the characteristics of all participating institutions and a separate institutional report showing the evaluation data of individual institutions. The statistics included the number of participating institutions and the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum, and maximum values for each group. Each report was composed of a table, histogram, and Levey-Jennings chart showing the statistics for each test item. The results of each institution and the statistics for each classification are presented in the table showing the statistics, and a standard deviation index is presented together with a method classification and a classification by reagent companies. A total of 14 items, including albumin, were evaluated by more than 1,000 institutions. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the measurement methods compared with those used in the previous year. The coefficient of variation showed a tendency to increase as the concentration of the level control material decreased and as the number of participating institutions decreased for each test item. Most of them showed a coefficient of variation within 10%. These statistical data will be useful when interpreting the survey results from the institutions and selecting a test method.
Chemistry ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Classification ; Korea* ; Methods

This study surveyed and measured the level and structure of cancer deaths and their trends over time for offering the fundamental data of the cancer prevention and control in Pusan city in the future. Authors conducted the study of descriptive epidemiology using materials derived from the computerized data of total 3,722 certified cancer deaths in Pusan city from January 1 to December 31, 1993 registered on the National Statistical Office, the Republic of Korea. The obtained results were as follows: 1. According to the total registered cases of deaths(16,331 cases) in Pusan city during 1993, cancer(3,722 cases) and cerebrovascular disease(2,718 cases) were the first and second cause of deaths as 23.1% and 16.9%, respectively. These pattern showed the change between cancer(14.7%) and cerebrovascular disease(18.5%) in order of frequency in comparison to 1982. Also, the total number of cancer deaths was increased in comparison to 1982. The rate of death certification by physicians was 87.1% of all registered deaths, which was increased to 6.8% in comparison to 1982(80.3%). 2. Crude death rate and cancer specific death rate was 4.06 per 1,000 populations and 93.8 per 100,000 populations(male:117.8, female:70.0), respectively. The former was similar to that of 1982, but the latter was increased to 1.6 times as that of 1982. 3. Age-adjusted cancer specific death rate by standardization with whole country population was 111.9(male:141.5, female:106.7) per 100,000 populations, higher than not age-adjusted cancer specific death rate(93.8), and the sex difference was statistically significant with male predominance(p<0.05). 4. Cancer specific death rate by age was generally increased with age and most of cancer deaths(male:91.8%, female:88.5%) occurred since 40 years old. 5. The major cancer(cancer specific death rate per 100,000 populations) in male was liver(30.6) followed by stomach(25.6), lung(21.9), and GB and EHBD(5.7), in female stomach(15.7), liver(9.9), lung(7.3), and uterus(6.9). The relative frequency of the leading three cancer among total cancer deaths marked 66.3% in male and 47.1% in female, and decreased in comparison to 1982(male:72.2%, female:54.5%). 6. The total ratio of male to female cancer specific death rate showed 1.68 to 1 with male predominance. And the ratio was above 2.0 in larynx, oral cavity & pharynx, esophagus, liver, lung, bladder cancer and the ratio was 1.0~1.9 in stomach, pancreas, gall bladder and EHBD, brain, rectum and anus cancer, leukemia, but the ratio was reversed in thyroid and colon cancer. In conclusion, cancer was the first cause of deaths. The proportion of lung cancer was increased, that of stomach & uterine cancer was decreased relatively, and liver cancer was constantly higher proportion. In the future, it is necessary to conduct the further investigations on the cancer risk factors considering areal specificity.
Adult ; Anus Neoplasms ; Brain ; Busan* ; Cause of Death ; Certification ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; Leukemia ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Mortality ; Mouth ; Pancreas ; Pharynx ; Rectum ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Characteristics ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Uterine Neoplasms

Two trials of external quality assessment for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) subcommittee of Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Pathology (KAQACP) were performed in 2003. Number of participating laboratories were 80 which is similar to those of the previous year. Response rates were elevated to 100.0% for both trials. Two kinds of control materials were requested to be tested in each trial so that each institution could know the possible systematic error. In both trials, 20 test items were responded at least from one laboratory. The average drug item was 7.0 per institution, which was elevated slightly from 6.5 in recent 5 years. The most common test items were valproic acid, digoxin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, theophylline, and phenobarbital, which were peformed in more than 75% of participating laboratories, followed by cyclosporine, lithium, methotrexate, tacrolimus, vancomycin, amikacin, gentamycin, salicylate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, primidone, free phenytoin, and amitryptyline. The most widely used TDM analyzer was Abbott TDx/TDxFLx (52%), but its proportion were decreased slightly comparing with the previous years. The interlaboratory coefficients of variations were not greatly improved comparing with previous years. In conclusion, the TDM external quality assessment of 2003 showed grossly similar pattern comparing with those of previous year, except that the response rate was elevated to 100% and two levels of control material were used in each trials.
Acetaminophen ; Amikacin ; Carbamazepine ; Cyclosporine ; Digoxin ; Drug Monitoring* ; Gentamicins ; Korea* ; Lithium ; Methotrexate ; Pathology, Clinical ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Primidone ; Tacrolimus ; Theophylline ; Tobramycin ; Valproic Acid ; Vancomycin

Two trials of external quality assessment for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) Subcommittee of Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Pathology (KAQACP) were performed in 2004. Number of participating laboratories were increased to 89, by 11.3% increase comparing with the previous year. Response rates were 100.0% for both trials just like the previous year. Two kinds of control materials were requested to be tested in each trial so that each institution could know the possible systematic error. In both trials, 20 test items were responded at least from one laboratory. The average drug item was 6.8 per institution, which was elevated slightly from 6.5 in recent 5 years. The most common test items were valproic acid, digoxin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, theophylline, and phenobarbital which were peformed in more than 71% of participating laboratories, followed by cyclosporine, lithium, tacrolimus, vancomycin, methotrexate, amikacin, gentamycin, salicylate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, primidone, free phenytoin, and amitryptyline. The most widely used TDM analyzer was Abbott TDx/TDxFLx (41.6%), followed by Roche Cobas Integra (21.3%), and Abbott AxSym (20.2%). The inter-laboratory coefficients of variations were not greatly improved comparing with previous years. We also determined cyclosporine and tacrolimus with reference method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In conclusion, the TDM external quality assessment of 2004 showed grossly similar pattern comparing with those of previous year, except the 11.3% increase of participating laboratories.
Acetaminophen ; Amikacin ; Carbamazepine ; Cyclosporine ; Digoxin ; Drug Monitoring* ; Gentamicins ; Korea* ; Lithium ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methotrexate ; Pathology, Clinical ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Primidone ; Tacrolimus ; Theophylline ; Tobramycin ; Valproic Acid ; Vancomycin

Two trials of external quality assessment for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) subcommittee of Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Pathology (KAQACP) were performed in 2005. The number of participating laboratories were increased to 95, by 6.7% comparing with the previous year. Response rates were 100.0% for both trials just like the two previous years. Two kinds of control materials were requested to be tested in each trial so that each institution could know the possible systematic error. In both trials, 20 test items were responded at least from one laboratory. The average drug item was 6.7 per institution, which was elevated slightly from 6.5 in recent 5 years. The most common test items were digoxin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital which were peformed in more than 65% of participating laboratories, followed by cyclosporine, lithium, vancomycin, tacrolimus, methotrexate, amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin, salicylate, primidone, acetaminophen, free phenytoin, amitryptyline, and ethosuximide. The most widely used TDM analyzer was Abbott TDx/TDxFLx (41.7%), followed by Abbott AxSym (23.3%), and Roche Cobas Integra (19.2%). The inter-laboratory coefficients of variations were not much improved comparing with previous years. We also determined cyclosporine with reference method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In conclusion, the TDM external quality assessment of 2005 showed grossly similar pattern comparing with those of previous year with increasing participating laboratories.
Acetaminophen ; Amikacin ; Carbamazepine ; Cyclosporine ; Digoxin ; Drug Monitoring* ; Ethosuximide ; Gentamicins ; Korea* ; Lithium ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methotrexate ; Pathology, Clinical ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Primidone ; Tacrolimus ; Theophylline ; Tobramycin ; Valproic Acid ; Vancomycin

BACKGROUND: There have been many efforts to determine maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) of elective surgery in Korea since 1980?. But most of these data were confined to single hospital, so it was somewhat irrelevant to suggest them as general data in Korea. In this study, we tried to establish MSBOS which can be suggested as substantial and objective data in our country and to increase the efficiency of limited blood products. METHODS: From September 2003 to February 2004, we analyzed average RBC utilization for elective surgery in four university hospitals (Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ajou University Hospital) by referring to anesthesiologic records and blood delivery sheets. Also, we established MSBOS range in operations performed more than five times in three among four hospitals. RESULTS: Sixty-seven operations were analyzed in our study and 18 of them were performed in department of general surgery. Type and screen (T&S) was recommended in 69.8~83.6% and the percentage of operations recommended as T&S in all four hospitals was 52.2%. Operations of obstetric/gynecology, urology and otorhinolaryngology were mostly applicable to T&S. CONCLUSION: We suggested comprehensive and substantial MSBOS range by analyzing the operations performed in four hospitals whose operation numbers ranged from 470 to 1,200 per month. It was considered that MSBOS range, which could be applicable to various hospitals, should be reestablished and enforced regularly to decrease medical cost and improve blood utility
Appointments and Schedules* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, University ; Korea* ; Otolaryngology ; Urology