The maintenance of balance between water and electrolyte is essential for keeping the lens transparent. The outflow of the Na+ ion from the membrane and inflow of the K+ ion both of which are sustained by the Na+ - K+ - ATPase, play an important role in maintaining this balance. In this study, by comparing the lens Na+ - K+ - ATPase activity in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat(SHR) and Sprague-Dawley Rat (SDR), we determined the significance of increase in blood pressure and the change in the enzyme activity after control of blood pressure by administration of Inderal, an anti-hypertensive drug. The Na+ - K+ - ATPase activity was significantly lowered(P<0.01) in the lens of SHR compared to that of SDR. The longer the anti-hypertensive drug was administered and then controlled the blood pressure, the higher the recovery rate of the lowered Na+ - K+ - ATPase activity of SHR, rising up to about 50%. From the results of this study, it is suggested that the activity of lens Na+ - K+ - ATPase may be reversibly recovered after blood pressure control, and that the pathogenesis of high blood pressure-associated cataract may be partially prevented by controlling the blood pressure.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Blood Pressure* ; Cataract ; Membranes ; Propranolol ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The author has measured refractive error and corneal curvature in 500 eyes of 250 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University Hospital, with decreased visual acuity as chief complaint, for 6 months from Sep. 1, 1984 through Feb. 28, 1985, and found the following conclusions: First, as for the means of each corneal horizontal curvature and vertical curvature, the mean of horizontal curvature was 7.7876 +/- 0.9791mm; that of vertical curvature was 7.7217 +/- 0.8527mm in right cornera, while the mean of horizontal curvature was 7.8628 +/- 0.7295mm; that of vertical curvature was 7.5986 +/- 1.2349mm in the left cornea. Second, as for the comparison of corneal curvature by sex, it was highly significant(p<0.05) that the means of each corneal horizontal curvature and vertical curvature were always larger in the case of male than that of female. Third, as for the comparison by each age group(age groups under 25 years, from 25 through 44 years, and from 45 years up respectively), there were no significant differences(0 0.05) in respective means of each corneal horizontal curvature and vertical curvature among age groups. Fourth, as the result of this study on correlation between corneal curvature and refractive error, its correlation is 0.32% to 4.66%, showing no significant correlation between them.
Cornea ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Refractive Errors* ; Visual Acuity

It is well known that most anesthectis and drugs are metabolized and excreted in the liver. There are many controversies regarding postoperative halothane hepatotoxicitr and often reported postoperative hepatic dysfunction following enflurane anesthesia. It appears that the development of hepatic necrosis after anesthesia depends on a chance combination of events but not anesthetics itself. Common causes of postoperative hepatic damages ia possibly due to viral heatitis, since in oar country viral hepatitis B are increasing in frequency recently. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of enflurane on liver function in 25 asy-mptomatic patients hepatitis B surface antigen positive. The results seems favorable for anesthesia and sureery. on asymptomatic viral hepatitis B patients.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Necrosis

Unilateral adsence of a pulmonary artery is frequently undiagnosed. Unless this entity is recognized, a patient with a potentially curable lesion may become inoperable. The importance of considering unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery in the diffirential diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension has become clear. We exeperienced a case of congenital isolated unilateral absence of it. pulmonary artery confirmed by clinical features, lung scan, echocardiogram and angiogram.
Diagnosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Pulmonary Artery*

The eye is a relatively isolated organ and tends to retain or accumulate compounds within itself. Unless the eye possesses a mechanism for detoxifying drugs and chemicals that are carried to ocular tissues via the circulating blood, the compounds may cause visual impairment. The purposes of this experiment was judged by drug metabolizing action by cytochrome P-450 system, distribution and effect of metabolism of arachidonic acid and distribution of lipid peroxide formation and phospholipids in the lens, cornea and choroid-retina of pig ocular tissues. The results were as follows: 1. The activities of mixed-function oxidase, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were the highest in the choroid-retina compared to the lens and cornea. 2. The activities of drug metabolizing enzymes, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin-o-deethy lase and benzphetamine-N-demethy lase, heme oxygenase activity, and the activity of arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme, cyclooxygenase were the highest in the choroid-retina compared to the lens and cornea. 3. Lipid peroxide formation was the highest in the cornea compared to the lens and choroid retina. 4. In distribution of phospholipids, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine were the highest in the choroid-retina compared to the lens and cornea and phosphatidylethanolamine was the highest in the cornea campa red to the lens and choroid-retina. 5. Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme of pig ocular tissues was confirmed in the same form of MAb(Monoclonal Antibody) PCN(pregenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile) 213-1.
Arachidonic Acid* ; Choroid ; Cornea ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; Metabolism* ; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase ; Oxidoreductases ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Retina ; Vision Disorders

In systemic hypertension, capillary resistance is highly elevated and' contractility of vascular smooth muscle is elevated. This is due to increased calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the vascular smooth muscle. Recently, nifedipine, an antihypertensive medication which inhibits calcium uptake into the vascular smooth muscle is commonly used. It decreases the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle and causes the vessels to relax, which in turn lowers the blood pressure. In 1987, according to Rodriguez-Sargent et al. the increased incidence of cataract in Dahl-salt sensitive rats(DSR) was due to increasd water and sodium contents and decreased potassium content. In this investigative study on hypertension, the water, Sodium and potassium contents in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats(SHR) were measured. After treatment with nifedipine in SHR, we observed decreased blood pressure along with the changes in water, sodium and potassium contents of the lenses. The following results were obtained from our experiments. 1. In normal SDR, The blood pressure did not decrease with nifedipine injection. 2. After 3-7 days of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of SHR did not decrease. 3. After 2 weeks of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of the SHR decreased slightly and after 4 weeks of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of SHR decreased significantly. 4. Water and sodium contents of SHR were higher than that of SDR and the potassium content was similar to that of SDR. 5. The elevated water and sodium contents of SHR decreased along with decrease of blood pressure, and after 2 weeks of nifedipine injection, showed similar level as the contents of SDR lenses. 6. Potassium contents of SHR lenses showed no change were similar to SDR lines except the 4 weeks nifedipine injection group which showed higher potasslum contents.
Animals ; Blood Pressure* ; Calcium ; Capillary Resistance ; Cataract ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nifedipine* ; Potassium ; Rats* ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sodium ; Water*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of clinical features after long-term follow-up observation on patients with partially accommodative esotropia who had undergone conventional surgery. METHODS: Thirty-five patients who maintained orthophoria for at least one year duration after surgery were evaluated. The amount of surgery was measured based on the near angle of deviation after full hyperopic correction. The comparison was made based on the best corrected visual acuity, refractive errors, degree of stereopsis and ocular positions before and after surgery. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent was +4.46 D before surgery and +3.66 D at the final examination. Among a total of 70 eyes, the best corrected visual acuity of 0.6 or less was seen in 16 before surgery, and in 12 at the final examination. The average angle of deviation was 50.14 PD before correction and 34.43 PD after correction. The Titmus stereotest after surgery was 80 sec of arc in 6, and even 40 sec of arc in 2 out of the 35 patients. At the final examination, 29 of the 35 patients revealed stable orthophoria, but exophoria, in a range of 15-25 PD, developed in 6 patients. Of these 6, 4 had anisometropic amblyopia, and 1 had bilateral high hyperopia of 8.0 D with refractive amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up observation is essential after surgery for partially accommodative esotropia due to fear of the gradual development of consecutive exotropia, particularly in amblyopia cases, even though acceptable initial postoperative orthophoria has been achieved.
Amblyopia ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To compare autonomic dysfunction in patients with urge urinary incontinence(UUI), patients with stress urinary incontinence(SUI) and normal group, we measured and analyzed heart rate variability to compare among the three groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied heart rate variability(HRV) in 30 patients with UUI(mean age, 47.7+/-10.0 years old), 40 patients with SUI(mean age, 47.6+/-8.7 years old), 120 healthy controls(mean age 45.2+/-6.9 years old). The parameters of HRV of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference in uroflowmetry and heart rate among the three groups. In time domain, square root of the mean squared difference of successive N-N interval(RMSSD) in UUI was higher than that of the others, and standard deviation of N-N interval(SDNN) showed no difference. In frequency domain, low frequency(LF) in UUI, an indicator of cardiac sympathetic tone, was higher than thar of the others. Very low frequency(VLF), LF, low-frequency/high-frequency ratio(LF/HF ratio) didn't show difference. CONCLUSION: All parameters of HRV analysis in UUI were not same as those of SUI and controls. The increase in RMSSD and HF means that there could be imbalance in autonomic nervous system and it could be the cause of detrusor overactivity in UUI.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Pilot Projects* ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: To report a case of Chrysosporium parvum endophthalmitis after trauma. METHODS: A 42-year-old healthy woman visited our hospital complaining of ocular pain after trauma sustained with a wire used to tie grapes. She showed corneal laceration and iris prolapse of the right eye on slit lamp examination. She underwent primary suture of the corneal laceration. Two days later, she presented with hypopyon of the anterior chamber. She was treated with topical antibiotics and a topical steroid. On follow-up examination, she again presented with hypopyon of the anterior chamber. She was admitted for microbiologic examination and was again treated with topical antibiotics and a topical steroid. Unfortunately, no organisms were identified by culture. Later, she reported a recurrent history of the inflammation. After 9 months, she presented with increased hypopyon of the anterior chamber and was treated with anterior chamber irrigation and intracameral antibiotics injection on two different occasions. But, still no organisams were identified. After one year, the patient visited our clinic with ocular pain and decreased visual acuity. Her intraocular pressure was 72 mmHg and there was whitish infiltration and hypopyon around 360 degrees of the anterior chamber and angle. At the same time, the intraocular pressure and inflammation were uncontrolled. Ultimately, microscopic examination of specimens obtained directly from tissue after enucleation identified the organism as Chrysosporium parvum. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a case of Chrysosporium parvum endophthalmitis after trauma. To our knowledge, this was the first report of a case of Chrysosporium parvum endophthalmitis in the world.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chrysosporium* ; Endophthalmitis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Lacerations ; Prolapse ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity ; Vitis