Purpose: To derive the optimized intraocular lens (IOL) constants from automated and manifest refraction after cataract surgery in Korean patients, and to evaluate whether there is a difference in optimized IOL constants according to the refraction method. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 4,103 eyes of 4,103 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL implantation at 18 institutes. Optimized IOL constants for the SRK/T, Holladay, Hoffer Q, and Haigis formulas were calculated via autorefraction or manifest refraction of samples using the same biometry and IOL. The IOL constants derived from autorefraction and manifest refraction were compared. Results: Of the 4,103 eyes, the majority (62.9%) were measured with an IOLMaster 500 followed by an IOLMaster 700 (15.2%). A total of 33 types of IOLs were used, and the Tecnis ZCB00 was the most frequently used (53.0%). There was no statistically significant difference in IOL constants derived from autorefraction and manifest refraction when IOL constants were optimized with a large number of study subjects. On the other hand, optimized IOL constants derived from autorefraction were significantly smaller than those from manifest refraction when the number of subjects was small. Conclusions It became possible to use the IOL constants optimized from Koreans to calculate the IOL power. However, if the IOL constant is optimized using autorefraction in a small sample group, the IOL constant tends to be small, which may lead to refractive error after surgery.

Animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) have played a key role in understanding the etiology of OA and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although pigs have an advantage as an animal disease model due to their similarity to humans, there are few studies on the induction of OA in minipigs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize disease progression of OA in total medial meniscectomy (TMM)-operated skeletally mature minipigs, up to day 180 postoperatively. There were no significant alterations in vital signs or hematological indices throughout the observation period. However, clinical manifestations of OA in the medial femoral condyles of TMM-operated minipigs were progressive, depending on postoperative duration, with respect to osteophytes formation and roughened surfaces on radiological observation, cartilage erosion under macroscopic examination, and severe cartilage defects including fibrillation, vertical fissures, and cartilage denuding on histopathological observation, with the highest score indicating late-stage OA on day 180 and without indicating apparent variation between subjects. In particular, the lateral femoral condyles were also degenerated, possibly due to localization of weight-bearing from both menisci to the lateral meniscus. Therefore, TMM in minipigs is suitable for reproducible induction of degenerative changes in the femorotibial joints that closely resemble late-stage OA, and is suitable for use in further research.
Cartilage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Joints ; Menisci, Tibial ; Models, Animal ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteophyte ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Vital Signs ; Weight-Bearing

Animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) have played a key role in understanding the etiology of OA and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although pigs have an advantage as an animal disease model due to their similarity to humans, there are few studies on the induction of OA in minipigs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize disease progression of OA in total medial meniscectomy (TMM)-operated skeletally mature minipigs, up to day 180 postoperatively. There were no significant alterations in vital signs or hematological indices throughout the observation period. However, clinical manifestations of OA in the medial femoral condyles of TMM-operated minipigs were progressive, depending on postoperative duration, with respect to osteophytes formation and roughened surfaces on radiological observation, cartilage erosion under macroscopic examination, and severe cartilage defects including fibrillation, vertical fissures, and cartilage denuding on histopathological observation, with the highest score indicating late-stage OA on day 180 and without indicating apparent variation between subjects. In particular, the lateral femoral condyles were also degenerated, possibly due to localization of weight-bearing from both menisci to the lateral meniscus. Therefore, TMM in minipigs is suitable for reproducible induction of degenerative changes in the femorotibial joints that closely resemble late-stage OA, and is suitable for use in further research.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of epidural adhesiolysis with a single bolus steroid injection (EAS) and continuous steroid infusion (EAC).METHOD: Thirty-one patients were allocated to the EAS group (10 patients) and EAC group (21 patients). EAS received single bolus of 10 mg of dexamethasone. EAC received a total of 96 mL dexamethasone solution (20.0 mg of dexamethasone) for 48 hrs. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was evaluated before, one month after the procedure. Three months after the procedure, the Patient’s Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was evaluated.RESULTS: Pre-treatment ODI was 38.3 ± 3.1 in EAS and 46.40 ± 4.0 in EAC. One month later, ODI was decreased to 35.60 ± 3.33, 43.08 ± 6.96 in each group (p=0.174). Three months later, 2 patients in the EAS (20.0%) and 8 patients in EAC (38.1%) showed ‘much improvement’ in PGIC, 5 patients in EAS (50.0%) and 6 patients in EAC (38.1%) showed ‘slight improvement’, 3 patients in EAS (30.0%) and 7 patients in EAC (33.3%) showed ‘no improvement’ (χ2=1.588, p=0.510).CONCLUSION: Epidural adhesiolysis with continuous infusion did not show any superiority than single bolus injection.
Dexamethasone ; Humans ; Methods ; Spinal Stenosis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroid Nodule*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Oro-facial dyskinesia (OFD) is involuntary, abnormal, uncontrolled and stereotyped movements, consisting of forehead furrowing, eye opening and closing, smacking and pursing of the lips, lateral deviation and protrusion of the tongue, and occasionally lateral deviation and protrusion of the jaw.1 OFD is known to have various complications including speech difficulty, chewing and eating disorders, and social embarrassment; facial muscle stiffness, mucosal and gingival traumatic lesions. In addition, it may leads to cranio-mandibular joint (TMJ) complications in the presence of intense and prolonged abnormal movements, with pain and degeneration.1,2 There is no previous report of TMJ dislocation due to OFD. In this report, we describe a patient who developed bilateral anterior TMJ dislocation due to OFD which occurred following intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH).
Movement Disorders ; Dyskinesias

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic resection following the insertion of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) for the treatment of obstructing left-sided colon cancer. METHODS: Between October 2006 and December 2012, laparoscopic resection following SEMS insertion was performed in 54 patients with obstructing left-sided colon cancer. RESULTS: All 54 procedures were technically successful without the need for conversion to open surgery. The median interval from SEMS insertion to laparoscopic surgery was 9 days (range, 3-41 days). The median surgery time was 200 minutes (range, 57-444 minutes), and estimated blood loss was 50 mL (range, 10-3,500 mL). The median time to soft diet was 4 days (range, 2-8 days) and possible length of stay (hypothetical length of stay according to the discharge criteria) was 7 days (range, 4-22 days). The median total number of lymph nodes harvested was 23 (range, 8-71) and loop ileostomy was performed in 2 patients (4%). Six patients (11%) developed postoperative complications: 2 patients with anastomotic leakages, 1 with bladder leakage, and 3 with ileus. There was no mortality within 30 days. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that the presence of a SEMS does not compromise the laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic resection following stent insertion for obstructing left-sided colon cancer could be performed with a favorable safety profile and short-term outcome. Large-scale comparative studies with long-term follow-up are needed to demonstrate a significant benefit of this approach.
Anastomotic Leak ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Conversion to Open Surgery ; Diet ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Ileus ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Stents* ; Urinary Bladder

Artecoll (Artes Medical Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) has recently been developed as a permanent synthetic cosmetic filler. We experienced an inflammatory granuloma resulting from a previous injection of Artecoll at the upper lip, which was regarded as a rare side effect of this filler. A 50-year-old female patient complained of swelling, dull pain, and heat in the right upper nasolabial fold area, which had started one week before her visit to Kyungpook National University Hospital. The patient received topical steroid therapy at a local clinic, which was not effective. At the injection site, a hard nodule was palpated and erythema was observed with mild tenderness. Antibiotic treatment and subsequent incision and drainage did not result in complete cure of the facial swelling, and the facial swelling and pain persisted. Computed tomography showed a lesion approximately 1-cm in size without clear boundaries and relatively increased nodular thickening. Finally, a subdermal lesion was removed via an intraoral vestibular approach. The lesion was diagnosed as inflammatory granuloma by a permanent biopsy. The patient had healed at two months after the filler injection. Although the soft tissue filler is widely used for cosmetic purposes, there is potential for complication, such as the inflammatory granuloma should be considered before treatment.
Biopsy ; Collagen ; Cosmetics ; Drainage ; Erythema ; Female ; Granuloma ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lip ; Nasolabial Fold ; Polymethyl Methacrylate

Sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The presentation of sarcoidal granuloma in neck nodes without typical manifestations of systemic sarcoidosis is difficult to diagnose. We describe the case of a 37-year-old woman with an increasing mass on the right side of neck. The excisional biopsy from the neck mass showed noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma of the lymph nodes. No evidence of mycobacterial or fungal infection was noted. Thoracic evaluations did not show enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes or parenchymal abnormalities. Immunohistochemistry showed abundant expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the granuloma. However, transforming growth factor-beta was not expressed, although interleukin-1beta was focally expressed. These immunohistochemical findings supported characterization of the granuloma and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis can present with cervical lymph node enlargement without mediastinal or lung abnormality. Immunohistochemistry may support the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and characterization of granuloma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Epithelioid Cells ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-1beta ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neck ; Sarcoidosis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha