No abstract available.
Drinking Behavior* ; Drinking* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

This study was for investigating relations between distributions of monoamines-norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine-on the visual system and their functions. Distributions of these monoamines in the lateral geniculate body, pulvinar, lateral posterior nucleus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus were investigated. Brain of a squirrel monkey was removed and frozen sectioned. Immunocytochemical study was performed for the tissue of the brain. Results showed that the anterior part of the lateral geniculate body contained more monoamines than the posterior part. More serotonins were distrbuted at the magnocellular part, and more dopamines were found at the parvocellular part. In pulvinar, more norepinephrines were distributed at the medial part, while serotonins were evenly distributed at all parts. In lateral posterior nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus, three kinds of monoamines were distributed with high density. Among the three, density of the serotonin showed the highest value. The lateral geniculate body relates with visual perception such as visual acuity, form and color perception, and stereopsis, while the pulvinar relates with visual functions, such as visual attention, sensory integration, and differentiation. Since norepinephrine and serotonine are distributed with high density in the pulvinar than in the lateral geniculate body those two monoamines are expected to playa major role for visual functions. Inferior part of the pulvinar relates with visual imagination, and the lateral posterior nucleus relates with integration of visual sensory. Relatively high distribution of dopamine in these two parts means that dopamine may playa major role for visual imagination and integration. As suprachiasmatic nucleus relates with controlling biorhythm, dense distribution of monoamines in suprachiasmatic nucleus implies that the monoamines may work for controlling biorhythm.
Brain ; Color Perception ; Depth Perception ; Dopamine ; Geniculate Bodies ; Imagination ; Lateral Thalamic Nuclei ; Norepinephrine ; Periodicity ; Pulvinar ; Saimiri* ; Sciuridae* ; Serotonin ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Perception

No abstract available.
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain*

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is an infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It has no predilection for sex, race, or age, though the incidence and severity of zoster is greater in the elderly. The usual site of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is the skin and eye innervated by the gasserian ganglion that receives fibers from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. A most serious lesion is corneal ulceration, frequently complicated by other evidence of keratitis, by uveitis, and by secondary glaucoma. The treatment of zoster is difficult and frustrating for no specific therapy is known.
Aged ; Communicable Diseases ; Continental Population Groups ; Corneal Ulcer ; Glaucoma ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratitis ; Skin ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Uveitis

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is rare herediary salt wasting syndrome due to peripheral resistance to aldostrone. PHA type I, subdivided into isolated renal insensitivity to aldosterone of autosomal dominant inheritance and multiple target organ defect of autosomal recessive inheritance, and PHA type II show similar clinical manifestations except hypertension which is limited to type II. PHA type I is charaterized by hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, high plasma aldosterone and renin activity. Variable degrees, completely asymptomatic to severe fatal, of salt loosing manifestationsdehydration, hypotension, failure to thrive, and renal tubular acidosis usually start during infancy. Sodium loss not only from kidney but also from sweat gland, salivary gland and colon may occur in some cases. Recently we experienced two cases of PHA, a 27 days of age male newborn infant with charateristic clinical symptoms and typical laboratory manifestations of PHA, confirm diagnosed as PHA type I of isolated renal defect by pilocarpin iontophoresis showing normal sodium concentration in sweat gland, and his asymptomatic 6 year-old brother with the history of salt loosing symptoms treated until second year of life diagnosed as PHA type I by markedly elevated plasma aldosterone and renin activity. Brief review and related literatures were also presented.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular ; Aldosterone ; Child ; Colon ; Failure to Thrive ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hypertension ; Hyponatremia ; Hypotension ; Infant, Newborn ; Iontophoresis ; Kidney ; Male* ; Plasma ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism* ; Renin ; Salivary Glands ; Siblings* ; Sodium ; Sweat Glands ; Vascular Resistance ; Wasting Syndrome ; Wills

Decreased number of the Neuropeptide-Y[NPY] immunoreactive neurons in the corpus striatum and primary motor cortex of aged rat was detected by the immunohistochemical method. The animals were categorized into control and aged group and we used 10 Sprague-Dawley rat weighing 250-300gm for control group. 10 Sprague-Dawley rat weighing over 600gm for aged group. The number of NPY-immunoreactive neurons in corpus striatum and primary motor cortex were counted under the light microscope and the following results were obtained. 1. The NPY-immunoreactive neurons were evenly distributed in corpus striatum and in the primaty motor cortex, the NPY-immunoreactive neurons were concentrated within the layer II, III and layer V, VI. The typical NPY-immunoreactive perikarya was multipolar shape. 2. Decreased number of NPY-immunoreactive neurons were detected in some areas of corpus striatum and primary mortor cortex of the aged rat. 3. Decrease of NPY-immunoreactive neurons were most prominent in the caudate-putamen and there were moderate decrease of NPY-immunoreactive neurons in the primary motor cortex, mild decrease of NPY-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus accumbens but the NPY-immunoreactive neurons were not observed in the globus pallidus in both control and aged rat. NPY is supposed to act as a neurotransmitter of local circuit neurons in the striatum and may exert its potent vasoconstrictor effects on cerebral vessels which influences on the microcirculation of cerebral cortex and striatum. So our results seems to provide an important data on change of the function in the striatum and primary motor cortex of aged rat brain.
Aging ; Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; Corpus Striatum* ; Globus Pallidus ; Microcirculation ; Motor Cortex ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive rod which can be isolated from soil, vegetation, and many animal reservoirs. Human disease due to Listeria monocytogenes is uncommon but occurs most frequently in the neonatal period, during pregnancy and in elderly or immuno-suppressed patients. Listeriosis in pregnant women may cause spontaneous abortion, fetal distress, preterm labor, fetal death, or neonatal septicemia/meningitis. Maternal infection alone may occur without infection of the infant, especially at the end of pregnancy. One case of septicemia with Listeria monocytogenes in pregnant women at the 35th weeks of pregnancy with fetal distress is presented.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Aged ; Animals ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Distress* ; Humans ; Infant ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Listeriosis ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third* ; Pregnant Women ; Sepsis ; Soil

To examine the clinical characteristics of ocular emergency in Sungnam, we analyzed 3784 of the eye patients who visited emergency medical center of Inha university hospital during 3 years from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997 The ambulation rate of eye patients was 3.97% of total patients visiting emergency medical center and the admission rate was 8.30%. Male was more common than female about 2-fold and the patients in the age of 3rd decade(30.8%) and 4th decade(23.7%) were common Regarding the eye in trouble, there was no significant difference between right eye and left eye. September and autumn were most common month and season and visit rate of Sunday(27.7%) was highest in a week. According to the arrival time at emergency medical center, largest group was between 9 PM and 12 AM and within 1 hour from the onset of disease most patients visit emergency medical center. Most frequent cause of visit was beating by fist and common ocular diseases were conjunctivitis(20.4%), orbital contusion(17.9%) and eyelid laceration(13.9%).
Emergencies* ; Eyelids ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit ; Seasons ; Walking

Pneumocystis carinii causes serious pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. This study was undertaken to observe the cytoskeletal proteins of P. carinii by immuno-electron microscopy. P. carinii infection was experimentally induced by immunosuppression of Sprague-Dawley rats for seven weeks, and their lungs were used for the observations of this study. The gold particles localized actin, tropomyosin, and tubulin. The actin was irregularly scattered in the cytoplasm of the trophic forms but was much more concentrated in the inner space of the cell wall of the cystic forms called the inner electron-lucent layer. No significant amount of tropomyosin was observed in either trophic forms or cystic forms. The tubulin was distributed along the peripheral cytoplasm and filopodia of both the trophic and cystic forms rather than in the inner side of the cytoplasm. Particularly, in the cystic forms, the amount of tubulin was increased and located mainly in the inner electron-lucent layer of the cell wall where the actin was concentrated as well. The results of this study showed that the cell wall of P. carinii cystic forms is a structure whose inner side is rich in actin and tubulin. The location of the actin and tubulin in P. carinii suggests that the main role of these proteins is an involvement in the protection of cystic forms from the outside environment by maintaining rigidity of the cystic forms.
Actins/analysis ; Animals ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*analysis ; Fungal Proteins/*analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Pneumocystis/*chemistry/cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tropomyosin/analysis ; Tubulin/analysis