No abstract available.
Adult* ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Radius* ; Ulna*

No abstract available.
Talus*

Hyponatremia is frequently seen in intracranial hemorrhagic patients and has been often attributed to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. But in recent years, a number of studies have shown that hyponatremia in many patients with intracranial disease may actually be caused by cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome and circulating Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are probably involved. This report describes a patient who developed bacterial meningites caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa and CSW syndrome after removal of pituitary adenoma. CSW syndrome resolved by fluid and salt replacement after 4 months.
Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pseudomonas* ; Wasting Syndrome*

Rhus has been known to one of the most frequent plants which produce allergic contact dermatitis. Allergenic component of thus is urushiol which is composed of catechols with a 15-carbon-atom side-chain. Systemic administration can produced hematogenous contact dermatitis and also severe systemic reactions such as drowsiness, convulsion, nausea, vomiting, glomerulonephritis and urticaria. We experienced a case of right anterior and posterior watershed cerebral infarction, generalized urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis following ingestion of urushiol.
Catechols ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Eating* ; Glomerulonephritis ; Nausea ; Rhus ; Seizures ; Sleep Stages ; Urticaria ; Vomiting

We report a case of decreased cerebrospinal fluid glucose with lymphocytic pleocytoisis in a patient with herpes zoster meningoencephalitis. The finding was likely to be confused with that of tuberculous meningoencephalitis. The concentration of CSF glucose is a critical point in the differential diagosis of various causes of nervous system infection. Although the herpes zoster meningoencephalitis isa well recognized, cases with markedly low, level of CSF glucose has been rare. We reviewed such unusual cases in the literature that were accompanied by hypoglycorrhachia. The duration of hypoglycorrhachia was transient. This suggests a differential point from that of tuberculous meningitis.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster* ; Glucose* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Meningoencephalitis ; Nervous System ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

No abstract available.
Median Nerve*

Clinical application of the cartilage formed by tissue engineering is of no practical use due to the failure of long-term structural integrity maintenance. One of the important factors for integrity maintenance is the biomaterial for a scaffold. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference between polylactic-co-glycolic acids (PLGA) and chitosan as scaffolds. Human auricular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, and seeded on the scaffolds, which were implanted in the back of nude mice. Eight animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after implantation respectively. In gross examination and histological findings, the volume of chondrocyte-PLGA complexes was decreased rapidly. The volume of chondrocyte-chitosan complexes was well maintained with a slow decrease rate. The expression of type II collagen protein detected by immunohistochemistry and western blots became weaker with time in the chondrocyte-PLGA complexes. However, the expression in the chondrocyte-chitosan complexes was strong for the whole period. Collagen type II gene expressions using RT-PCR showed a similar pattern. In conclusion, these results suggest that chitosan is a superior scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering in terms of structural integrity maintenance. It is expected that chitosan scaffold may become one of the most useful scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cartilage* ; Chitosan* ; Chondrocytes ; Collagen Type II ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Tissue Engineering*

A case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, accompanied by valvular heart disease and Moya moya syndrome, has never been reported. Here, we report on a case that had mitral regurgitation and Moya moya syndrome, associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. This patient underwent a mitral valve replacement for mitral valve regurgitation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the pathological findings of the mitral valve showed a degenerative change, due to chronic inflammation, a proliferative fibrous change and calcification, but without thrombus formation. However, the patient returned to the hospital with a cerebral hemorrhage, which was caused by Moya moya syndrome. Surgical drainage was performed, and the patient was discharged without any complications. The patient is on anticoagulation and immunosuppression drugs, with no problems to date.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Drainage ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Inflammation ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Thrombosis

The area of endoscopic application has been continuously expanded since its introduction in the last century and the frequency of its use also increased stiffly in the last decades. Because gastrointestinal endoscopy is naturally exposed to diseased internal organs and contact with pathogenic materials, endoscopy mediated infection or disease transmission becomes a major concern in this field. Gastrointestinal endoscopy is not for single use and the proper reprocessing process is a critical factor for safe and reliable endoscopy procedures. What needed in these circumstances is a practical guideline for reprocessing the endoscope and its accessories which is feasible in the real clinical field to guarantee acceptable prevention of pathogen transmission. This guideline contains principles and instructions of the reprocessing procedure according to the step by step. And it newly includes general information and updated knowledge about endoscopy-mediated infection and disinfection. Multiple societies and working groups participated to revise; Korean Association for the Study of the Liver, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, the Korean Society of Gastroenterology, Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Korean Pancreatobiliary Association, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nurses and Associates and Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Through this cooperation, we enhanced communication and established a better concordance. We still need more researches in this field and fill up the unproven area. And our guidelines will be renewed accordingly.

PURPOSE: The Tox-Info system is a poisonous substance information database developed by the Korean National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage effectiveness of the Tox-Info system by comparing the toxic substances included in the database with the distribution of the toxic substances implicated in the cases of intoxicated patients presenting to emergency departments. The secondary aim of the study was to propose any additional substances that should be added to the database. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients suffering with toxic exposure who had visited any of 12 selected emergency departments in Korea from January 2010 to December 2011. The identified toxic substances were classified into groups including prescription drugs, agricultural chemicals, household products, animals or plants, herbal drugs, and others. We calculated the coverage rate of the Tox-Info database relative to the number of intoxication cases and the type of toxic substances involved. RESULTS: A total of 5,840 intoxicated patient records were collected. Their mean age was 46.6+/-20.5 years and 56.2% were female. Of the total intoxication cases, 87.8% of the identified toxic substances were included in the Tox-Info database, while only 41.6% of all of the types of identified toxic substances were included. Broken down by category, 122 prescription drugs, 15 agricultural chemicals, 12 household products, 14 animals or plants and 2 herbal drugs involved in poisoning cases were not included in the Tox-info database. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the Tox-Info system. While 87.8% of the substances involved in the cases were included in the Tox-Info database, the database should be continuously updated in order to include even the most uncommon toxic substances.
Agrochemicals ; Animals ; Emergencies ; Female ; Household Products ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Prescription Drugs ; Retrospective Studies ; Stress, Psychological