Visual perception is a complex process engaging many different aspects of brain functioning. Like other cognitive functions, the extensive cortical distribution and complexity of visual perceptional activities make them highly vulnerable to brain injury. Dectection and characterization of perceptual require careful assessment as well as the application of selected neuropsychological tests. In the article we reviewed neuropsychological assessment of visual perception and constructional abilities. And the principal visuospatial disorders are discussed, the associated neuropsychiatric disorders are presented.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Visual Perception*

No abstract available.
Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Mohs Surgery*

A clincal study was made on 383 adult patients with congenital heart disease who visited the Seoul National university Hospital during the period of March, 1961-July, 1979. 1. The incidence of congenital heart disease for the consecutive years was increasing in 1970s, especially in recent two years. 2. The sex incidence of congental heart disease was female 47.0%, male 53.0%, with male preponderance in tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect, coarctation of aorta, aortopulmonary window and female preponderance in atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus. 3. Age distribution of congenital heart disease showed that 79.1% of all were below 30 years of age but atrial septal defect showed wide distribution below and above 30 years of age. 4. The incidences of each congenital heart disease were atrial septal defect 20.9%, tetralogy of Fallot 20.6%, ventricular septal defect 19.%, patent ductus arteriosus 12.0%, pulmonary stenosis 7.6%, trilogy of Fallot 1.8%, Ebstein's anomaly 1.8%, ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis 1.3%, coarctation of aorta 1.3%, ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency 1.0%, transposition of great vessels 1.0%, in order and rare and various combined anomalies. 5. Average duration of illness in congenital heart disease was less than 15 years in majority, but duration from 11 years to 20 years was most common in tetralogy of Fallot. 6. Functional class of congenital heart disease is class II and I in majority, but class III was most common in tetralogy of Fallot. 7. Comparision of precatheterization diagnosis with postcatheterization diagnosis showed concordence in 92.2% and comparison of postcatheterization diagnosis with postoperative diagnosis showed concordence in 95.5% of cases. 8. Electrocardiographic findings in 5 major congenital heart disease were observed as follows; right ventricular hypertrophy 86.3%, right atrial enlargement 16.4% in tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular hypertrophy 30.9%, incomplete right bundle branch block 27.9% in atrial septal defect, left ventricular hypertrophy 28.8%, right ventricular hypertrophy 10.6%, biventricular hypertrophy 10.6% in ventricular septal defect, left ventricular hypertrophy 63.2% in patent ductus arteriosus and right ventricular hypertrophy 70% in pulmonary stenosis. 9. Postoperative changes in electrocardiographic findings were observed in 36.1% of operated patients, of whom teteralogy of Fallot 61.7%, ventricular septal defect 48.0% were most common. Pstoperative electrocardiographic changes were complete right bundle branch block 58.3%, incomplete right bundle branch block 11.7%, myocardial ischemia 10%, nonspecific ST-T changes 10%, etc. in order.
Adult* ; Age Distribution ; Aortic Coarctation ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Ebstein Anomaly ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Seoul ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Transposition of Great Vessels ; Trilogy of Fallot

A clincal study was made on 383 adult patients with congenital heart disease who visited the Seoul National university Hospital during the period of March, 1961-July, 1979. 1. The incidence of congenital heart disease for the consecutive years was increasing in 1970s, especially in recent two years. 2. The sex incidence of congental heart disease was female 47.0%, male 53.0%, with male preponderance in tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect, coarctation of aorta, aortopulmonary window and female preponderance in atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus. 3. Age distribution of congenital heart disease showed that 79.1% of all were below 30 years of age but atrial septal defect showed wide distribution below and above 30 years of age. 4. The incidences of each congenital heart disease were atrial septal defect 20.9%, tetralogy of Fallot 20.6%, ventricular septal defect 19.%, patent ductus arteriosus 12.0%, pulmonary stenosis 7.6%, trilogy of Fallot 1.8%, Ebstein's anomaly 1.8%, ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis 1.3%, coarctation of aorta 1.3%, ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency 1.0%, transposition of great vessels 1.0%, in order and rare and various combined anomalies. 5. Average duration of illness in congenital heart disease was less than 15 years in majority, but duration from 11 years to 20 years was most common in tetralogy of Fallot. 6. Functional class of congenital heart disease is class II and I in majority, but class III was most common in tetralogy of Fallot. 7. Comparision of precatheterization diagnosis with postcatheterization diagnosis showed concordence in 92.2% and comparison of postcatheterization diagnosis with postoperative diagnosis showed concordence in 95.5% of cases. 8. Electrocardiographic findings in 5 major congenital heart disease were observed as follows; right ventricular hypertrophy 86.3%, right atrial enlargement 16.4% in tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular hypertrophy 30.9%, incomplete right bundle branch block 27.9% in atrial septal defect, left ventricular hypertrophy 28.8%, right ventricular hypertrophy 10.6%, biventricular hypertrophy 10.6% in ventricular septal defect, left ventricular hypertrophy 63.2% in patent ductus arteriosus and right ventricular hypertrophy 70% in pulmonary stenosis. 9. Postoperative changes in electrocardiographic findings were observed in 36.1% of operated patients, of whom teteralogy of Fallot 61.7%, ventricular septal defect 48.0% were most common. Pstoperative electrocardiographic changes were complete right bundle branch block 58.3%, incomplete right bundle branch block 11.7%, myocardial ischemia 10%, nonspecific ST-T changes 10%, etc. in order.
Adult* ; Age Distribution ; Aortic Coarctation ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Ebstein Anomaly ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Seoul ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Transposition of Great Vessels ; Trilogy of Fallot

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin convertiong enzyme inhibitors have been shown to exert favorable effects on the left ventricular remodeling process associated with ventricular dilation after coronary occlusion. However, the effects of such therapy on global and regional left ventricular remodeling after coronart artery reperfusion have not been characterized, nor have such effects been assessed after exercise training. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats(n=80) were randodmized into 4 groups at 5 days after 45 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Animals completion the experiment included : Untreated Sedentary group(n=20), Untreated with Swimming Exercise group(n=21), Captopril Treated Sedentary group(n=18) and Captoril Treated with Exercise group(n=21). At 3 weeks after randomization, global and regional morphologic changes of the left ventricle(LV) were examined from mid-ventricular transverse slices which were perfusion-fixed at a constant aortic pressure of 60mmHg and a left ventricular cavity pressure of 10mmHG. At rest and during exercise, compared to untreated rats, the captopril treated animals showed significantly decreased LV weight/tibial length ratio(LV/TL)(p<0.01),increased LV cavity area and dimension(both p<0.01), decreased total myocardial area and noninfarcted area(both p<30.001) and reduced wall thicknesses in the noninfarcted and infarcted regions(both p<0.001). Compared to treated and untreated dsedentary rats, exercise significantly increased LV/TL(p<0.05) and epicardial and endocardial areas in the infarcted zone(both p<0.05) and decreased transmurality(p<0.01). Exercise decreased LV cavity area in the captopril treated groups(42.3+/-10.4 vs. 40.4+/-6.0mm2),whereas exercise increased LV cavity area in the untreated groups(33.5+/-8.9 vs. 39.1+/-6.2mm2)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence in rats for evidence in rats for exaggerated left ventricular dilation and supperssion of compensatory myocardial hypertrophy globally and in the infarct zone with 3 weeks of captopril treatment following coronary artery reperfusion with acute nontransmural myocardial infarction. In addition, the effects of captopril on LV dilation and suppression of global and regional hypertrophic response were partially reversible by swimming exercise.
Angiotensins ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Captopril ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Random Allocation ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion* ; Swimming ; Ventricular Remodeling*

No abstract available.
Acetabulum*

No abstract available.
Chondroma* ; Mediastinum*

The antihypertensive effect of nicardipine was studied in 31 cases of essential hypertension and following results were obtained. 1) Daily dose was 30-60mg for 10 weeks. 2) Mean systolic and diastolic pressure were decreased by 39.5mmHg 921%) and 17.2mmHg(15%) respectively(P<0.005) and in 84% of cases, good or fair control of blood pressure was proved. 3) There was no significant change in heart rates before and after treatment. 4) There were no significant side effects except two cases of mild headache and facial flushing which subsided spontaneously.
Blood Pressure ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Nicardipine*

A synophthalmia, another form of cyclopia, in which the element of the two eyes are partially fused to form an apparently single eye in the middle of the forehead. The synophthalmia is a result of complex, neural plate misdevelopment syndrome involving the eye, brain, skull and face. It is well known that synophthalmia is due to heterogenous causes, most of which chromosomal imbalances. We experienced a case of synophthalmia associated with proboscis, alobar holoprosencephaly and chromosomal anomaly 46, XX, -15,t (15 q, 21 q). Diagnosis was confirmed by brain MRI and autopsy, The patient died about 20 hours of age and autopsy was done. A brief review of the literatures was also presented.
Autopsy ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Forehead ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Plate ; Skull

No abstract available.
Ectoderm* ; Ectodermal Dysplasia*