This study was carried out to evaluate the immunohistochemical expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins in 114 cases of metastatic carcinoma of the neck lymph node (MTLNCA) and corresponding primary carcinoma (PRCA). The positive expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins were 62.3%, 58.8% and 64.0%, respectively in PRCA, and 40.4%, 38.6%, and 43.9%, respectively in MTLNCA with significant down-regulation from PRCA to MTLNCA (p<0.05). The down-regulation was correlated with female gender, moderate and poor differentiation, and adenocarcinoma in p53 protein, female gender, respiratory and gastrointestinal carcinoma in E-cadherin protein, and female gender, respiratory carcinoma, moderate differentiation, and squamous cell carcinoma in nm23 protein (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship among expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the expressions of p53, E-cadherin, and nm23 proteins seem to be down-regulated from PRCA to MTLNCA and this down-regulation may play a role in invasion and metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cadherins* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Olecranon Process* ; Ulna*

The purpose of this study is to compare, by statistical analysis, intraocular lens (IOL) powers by SRK/T formula using autorefractokeratometer-measured keratometric (K) values (SRK/T-ARK-mK), by SRK/T formula using refraction-derived K values (SRK/T-R-dK), and by refraction corrected method (RCM), in eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Thirty-eight consecutive eyes of 23 patients with PRK for mild to moderate myopia and 35 consecutive eyes of 25 patients with LASIK for high myopia were followed up for more than 1 year. In the two groups, IOL powers by SRK/T-ARK-mK, by SRK/T-R-dK, and by RCM were compared by statistical analysis. In PRK group, the mean value of IOL powers by RCM was statistically higher than that obtained by the other two methods (p < 0.05), while there was no significant statistical difference between the mean values of IOL powers by SRK/T-ARK-mK and by SRK/T-R-dK (p > 0.05). However, in LASIK group, the mean values of IOL powers by RCM and by SRK/T-R-dK, which did not differ statistically (p > 0.05), were both statistically higher than that by SRK/T-ARK-mK (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a statistical difference in IOL powers by the methods used for IOL calculation, as there is according to the level of myopia in patients with PRK and LASIK treatment. We suggest that, in IOL power calculation in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery, correction methods such as RCM and SRK/T-R-dK are more effective at higher levels of myopia.
Adult ; Comparative Study ; Cornea/surgery ; Female ; Human ; *Keratectomy, Photorefractive, Excimer Laser ; *Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Myopia/surgery ; *Optics ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ*

PURPOSE: By statistical analysis, to evaluate the comparison of the intraocular lens (IOL) powers by different formulae in patients who have been treated with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for mild to moderate myopia. METHODS: A total of 38 consecutive eyes of 23 patients who were treated with PRK for mild to moderate myopia have been followed up for more than 6 months. IOL powers by SRK-II, SRK/T, Binkhorst-II, HofferQ, Holladay formula using autorefractokeratometer measured keratometric (K) values by autorefractokeratometer (RK-2, Canon, Japan) and refraction derived K values were compared . RESULTS: The mean IOL powers using autorefractokeratometer measured K values and refraction derived K values were 20.46+/-0.92 and 20.57+/-0.86 diopter (D) by SRK-II, 20.69+/-0.93 and 20.81+/-0.88 D by SRK/T, 21.27+/-0.94 and 21.40+/-0.95 D by Binkhorst-II, 20.93+/-0.09 and 21.05+/-0.06 D by Hoffer Q, and 20.65+/-0.90 and 20.76+/-0.87 D by Holliday respectively. The mean IOL powers using autorefractokeratometer measured K values and refraction derived K values were high in oder of Binkhorst-II, HofferQ, SRK/T, Holladay, and SRK-II, but there was no significant statistical difference between the IOL powers by SRK/T and those by Holladay (p>0.05). In all formulae, the mean IOL powers using refraction derived K values were higher than the mean IOL powers using autorefractokeratometer measured K values, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with excimer laser PRK treatment for mild to moderate myopia, refractive error after cataract surgery is caused by IOL calculation formula as well as its method for IOL power. IOL powers by Binkhorst-II using refration derived keratometric values of all formulae were statistically highest.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Myopia ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Refractive Errors

PURPOSE: We performed a retrospective study to compare the accuracy between conventional CT staging and intraoperative staging for advanced gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with advanced gastric cancer were included in this study during the recent 2 year-period. All were pre- and posto- peratively diagnosed as advanced gastric cancer. CTwas performed with G E 9800 and Somatom DR3 under conventional technique in 50 and with others in 10 referred patients. The CT staging for T and N category with emphasis on incurable factor, if not resacted, were performed. And we compared the accuracy between conventional CT and intraoperative staging. The final histo-pathologic staging was used as a gold standard. RESULTS: Accuracy of CT and operation for T4(n=l7) factor is 76.9 % and 86.2 % respectively. Overestimation rate for T4 was 9.3 % by CT and 6.1% by operation, and underestimation rate for was 13.8 % and 7.7 % respectively. Accuracy of CT and operation for N (n=60) factor was 50 % and 60 % respectively. Overestimation rate for N factor was 18.3 % by CT and 18.3 % by operation, and underestimation rate for N factor was 31.7 % and 21.7 % respectively. Correct Tand IM staging was possible only in 33% by CT and 38% by intraoperative assessment. CONCLUSION: Conventional CT and intraoperative staging for incurable T/N factor in advanced gastric cancer have a potential limitations, especially for N factor. Therefore, more reliable modality or technique such as dynamic scanning by spiral CT, transabdominal or endoscopic ultrasonography should be preoperatively performed to complement infrequent errors in intraoperative staging. Furthermore, a histology-oriented surgical approach seems essential in selecting the most appropriate surgical procedure.
Complement System Proteins ; Endosonography ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

The differentiation between reactive mesothelial and carcinoma cells in serous effusion cytology can be a diagnostic challenge based on morphology alone. The expression of some cell adhesion molecules may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. This study evaluated the usefulness of E-cadherin immunocytochemistry for discrimination of carcinoma cells from reactive mesothelial cells. Alcohol fixed, paraffin embedded cell blocks taken from 42 reactive and 102 malignant serous effusions with histologically confirmed diagnoses were immunostained with monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin by LSAB method. E-cadherin expression was identified in only 2 benign reactive serous effusions(5%) whereas 91 malignant serous effusions(89%) expressed E-cadherin. The differences in immunostaining for E-cadherin between reactive and malignant serous effusions were statistically significant(p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the E-cadherin immunostaining for carcinoma cells were 89% and 95%, respectively. In conclusion, E-cadherin is a useful diagnostic adjunct for differentiation between reactive mesothelial and carcinoma cells in serous effusions.
Cadherins* ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paraffin ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Pressure rise time (PRT) is the time in which the ventilator aclieves the set airway pressure in pressure-targeted modes, such as pressure control ventilation (PCV). With varying PRT, in principle, the peak inspiratory flow rate of the ventilator also varies. And if PRT is set to a shorter duration, the effective duration of target pressure level would be prolonged. which in turn would increase inspiratory tidal volume(Vti) and mean airway pressure(Pmean). We also postulated that the increase in Vti with shortening of PRT may relate inversely to the patients' basal airway resistance. METHODS: In 13paralyzed patients on PCV(pressure control 18±9.5cm H2, FIO2 0.6±0.3, PEEP 5±3cm H2O, f20/min, I : E, 1 : 2) with Servo 300(Siemens-Elema, Solna, Sweden)from various causes of respiratory failure, PRT of 10%, 5% and 0% were randomly applied. At 30min of each PRT trial, peak inspiratory flow (PIF, L/sec), Vti(ml), Pmean(cm H2O) and ABGA were determined. RESULTS: At PRT 10, 5% and 0%, PIF were 01.69±0.13, 0.77±0.19, 0.83±0.22, respectively(p<0.001). Vti were 425±94, 439±101, 456±106, respectively(p<0.001), and Pmean were 11.2±3.7, 12.0±3.7, 12.5±3.8, respectively(p<0.001). pH were 7.40±0.08, 7.40 ±0.92, 7.41±0.96, respectively (p=0.004) ; PaCO2 (mm Hg) were 47.4±15.8, 47.2±15.7, 44.6±16.2, respectively (p=0.004) ; PAO2 - PaO2 (mm Hg) were 220±98, 224±95, 227±94, respectively(p=0.004) ; and Vd/Vt as determined by (PaCO2 - P CO2/PaCO2 were 0.67±0.07, 0.67±0.08, 0.66 ±0.08, respectively(p=0.007). The correlation between airway resistance and change of Vti from PRT 10% to 0% were r=-0.243(0.498). CONCLUSION: Shortening of pressure rise time during PCV was associated with associated with increased tidal volume, increased mean airway pressure and lower PaCO2.
Airway Resistance ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tidal Volume* ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to obtain basic data about the megakaryocyte colony formation of fetal liver cells by using immunocytochemical staining and ex vivo culture with growth factors. METHODS: The mononuclear cells were isolated from fetal liver and bone marrow with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) and pancytopenia. These mononuclear cells were cultured in MegaCultTM-C(Stem Cell Tech, Canada) media in the presence of growth factors and CFU-Megakaryocyte(CFU-Mk) colonies were counted on day 12. The expansion of CD34+ and CD41+ cell was analyzed by flow cytometry after 5 days incubation using flask culture. RESULTS: The numbers of CFU-Mk colonies of mononuclear cells obtained from fetal liver in the 11th week gestational age were more than those in the 19th week specimens; growth factors could not enhance the colony expansion in all cases. Total numbers of CFU-Mk colony of fetal liver cells were higher than bone marrow from ITP or pancytopenia groups. The numbers of pure or large CFU-Mk colonies of fetal liver cells were also higher than bone marrow specimens. The rate of CD34+ cell expression of fetal liver was increased after flask culture and the enhancement effect of epression was seen only in cases which added thrombopoietin. The rate of CD41+ cell expression of fetal liver was increased after incubation, but the enhancement effect of growth factors was unclear. CONCLUSION: This study revealed good results about the megakaryocyte colony assay of fetal liver mononuclear cells using MegaCultTM-C media. This study suggests that the fetal liver could be a good source of megakaryocytic progenitor cells for clinical application in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Bone Marrow ; Flow Cytometry ; Gestational Age ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Liver* ; Megakaryocytes* ; Pancytopenia ; Stem Cells ; Thrombopoietin