No abstract available.
46, XX Disorders of Sex Development* ; Female* ; Humans

No abstract available in English.
Adult ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteoporosis

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to investigate whether estrogen and progesterone induce the change of vascular tone in endothelium-denuded human uterine artery and vascular reactivity may be mediated by intracelluar calcium modulation through receptor- and voltage-dependent calcium channels. METHODS: The uterine arteries were obtained at the time of hysterectomy from 28 women followed by denudation of endothelium. After confirmation of functional integrity of endothelium-denuded uterine artery, vascular reactivity was measured by using isometric force transducer and recorded by physiograph. Contraction was induced by 10-6 M norepinephrine and 35mM high concentrated potassium chloride solution which activated receptor-dependent calcium channel and voltage-dependent calcium channel, respectively.Thereafter estradiol of 4 different concentrations from 3x10-11M to 3x10-8M was administered. Progesterone was also administered to endothelium-denuded uterine artery which was contracted by 10-6M norepinephrine and high potassium chloride solution. To evaluate the effect of additional progesterone on vascular smooth muscle relaxation effect of estrogen,4 different progesterones in concentrations from 3x10-8M to 3x10-5M were given to vascular smooth muscle which was initially pretreated with norepinephrine followed by relaxation of estradiol. RESULTS: Estradiols from 3x10-11M to 3x10-8M showed in significant dose-dependent vascular relaxation. Progesterones result in significant decrease in vascular contraction in concentration dependent manner. Additional progesterone on estrogenic effects also results in significant decrease in vascular contraction. CONCLUSION: Estradiol may have endothelium independent vasorelaxation effect in human uterine artery. These vasorelaxant effects may be mediated through antagonistic action for receptor-and voltage-dependent calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Progesterone also bring about vasorelaxation by same action in endothelium-denuded vascular smooth muscle. On estrogen induced vascular relaxation, progesterone results in additional vasorelaxation.
Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Endothelium ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hysterectomy ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Norepinephrine ; Potassium Chloride ; Progesterone* ; Relaxation ; Transducers ; Uterine Artery* ; Vasodilation

Compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fibers has been known to occur when burden on a skeletal muscle is increased. However, there have not been reports concerning the response of extraocular muscles following a monocular resection and recession of horizontal muscles, which procedure is a common form of strabismus surgery. A large lateral rectus resection and medial rectus recession was performed in each right eye of 28 rats. After the horizontal muscle surgery, both medial and lateral rectus muscles were obtained from both eyes of each rat with an interval of 2 weeks from the initial operation until 8th week after operation. A mid-portion of an extirpated muscles were frozen and prepared for ATPase staining. With a differential preincubation in two buffered solutions, pH 4.6 and pH 10.3 and ATPase staining, muscle fibers were classified into 3 kinds-global singly innervated fiber(GSIF, alkali-stable), global multi-innervated fiber(GMIF, alkali-labile), and orbital surface layer fiber(OSLF). These muscle fibers were measured using micrometer to find out their diameters and compared with the diameter of extraocular muscle fibers of unoperated rats. All kinds of muscle fibers of a resected lateral rectus showed an increase in their diameteris(p<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) but there was no hypertrophy in the recessed medial rectus the yolk muscle of the resected lateral rectus, medial rectus of the fellow eye also showed hypertrophy of GMIF and OSLF. The lateral rectus of the unoperated fellow eye did not reveal muscle fiber hypertrophy. The postoperative hypertrophy of muscle fibers were observed only at the 2nd and 4th postoperative week specimens. the hypertrophied muscles subsequently returned to the baseline fiber diameter.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Animals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertrophy* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Rats* ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Foreign Bodies*

Standard procedures for weakening the superior oblique muscle have been associated with significant complications in the treatment of superior oblique overaction and Brown's syndrome. Authors performed a technique for weakening the superior oblique muscle by lengthening the superior oblique tendon with silicone. Lengthening was accomplished by a nasal superior oblique tenotomy and inserting a segment of silicone 240 retinal band between the cut ends of the tendon. This technique was performed on 6 patients (8 eyes), 2 (4 eyes) with superior oblique overaction (SOOA), and 4 (4 eyes) with Brown's syndrome. Preoperatively patients with SOOA demonstrated A-patterns of 26 and 29 prism dioptersrespectively, and versions of +2 or +3 SOOA. Patients with Brown's syndrome demonstrated version of -3 or -4 elevation on adduction. Postoperatively, the A -patterns disappeared and SOOA was improved to 0 or +1, and underaction on adduction improved to 0 or -0.5 in Brown's syndrome. Based on these results, the superior oblique tenotomy with silicone expander is useful in patients with SOOA and Brown's syndrome.
Humans ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicones* ; Tendons ; Tenotomy*

Pleomorphic adenoma presenting as primary lesion of the bronchus is very rarely encountered, and in our knowledge only 6 cases have been reported in the literature of the western world, and no case report has been published in Korea. Currently, we experienced a case of bronchial pleomorphic adenoma occuring in a 38 years old woman. On X-ray examination, hazy density in the right upper lobe and emphysematous change in the right lower lobe were noted. A right pneumonectomy was done under bronchoscopic diagnosis of bronchial adeoma. The pathologic examination of the present case showed a polypoid endobronchial tumor, 1.4 x 1.1 cm (with extraluminal portion, 2.2 x 1.7 cm) in the right upper bronchus. The microscopic examination revealed a pleomorphic adenoma showing same morphology as those found in the salivary gland. This case, therefore, was believed to be a genuine example of bronchial pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland type. We compared this case with 6 cases in the literature.
Female ; Humans ; Adenoma

Sixteen normal subjects were tested with the Titmus stereotest varying the binocular Snellen's visual acuity from 1.0 to 0.2. From 15 possible combinations, a nomogram describing the relationship of binocular variations of Snellen's visual acuity and stereoacuity was constructed and the relationship of binocular isoacuities to Titmus stereotest performance was expressed as an S-shaped function.
Nomograms ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity*

Development of the human colorectal cancer is associated with several distinct genetic abnormalities involving both dominant-acting oncogenes (K-ras, c-src) and tumor suppressor genes (APC, DCC, p53) which undergo inactivation or loss. In colorectal tumors, the common molecular alteration is localized in the 17p13 and 5q21 loci encoding the p53 and the APC gene, respectively. The identification of these genes may help the understanding of the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia. In order to determine whether the frequency of the genetic alterations varies with sex, age, tumor size, or site, including pathologic parameters, such as degree of differentiation, tumor stage, mucin component, lymphoid reaction, tumor invasion pattern, vein and nerve invasion, lymph node metastasis, and other parameters, such as disease-free survival, distant metastasis and patient outcome, the authors analyzed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the APC and the p53 genes in paraffin-embedded specimens of 48 colorectal cancers by use of the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results were as follows: the LOH affecting the APC was found in 15 out of 31 (48.4%) heterozygous patients, while the LOH of the p53 locus was observed in 11 out of 26 (42.3%) patients. Among 48 patients, the LOH at both the APC and the p53 loci was observed in five (10.4%) patient. No statistically significant associations were found between the LOH of the APC gene and the proposed parameters. The relationship between the LOH of the p53 and the histologic differentiation, lymphoid reaction was significant (P<0.05), but survival was not correlated. Statistically significant associations were found between overall survival of the colorectal cancer patients and distant metastasis, Astler-Coller stage, lymphoid reaction, invasion pattern, nerve invasion, vein invasion, lymph node metastasis, and disease free survival. The above results suggest that the LOH of the p53 genes could be involved in the progression of colorectal cancers. However, neither the LOH of the APC nor that of the p53 have significant association with survival of the colorectal cancer patients.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Genes, APC ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor* ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity* ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Veins

Authors compared prospectively anterior transposition to myectomy of the inferior oblique. Thirteen patients with symmetrical +3 overaction of the inferior oblique were operated: one eye was performed with anterior transposition, the other eye of the same patient with myectomy, and evaluated with double masked method. Duration of follow up examination was from 6 to 9 months (mean 6.7 months). At 6 months following surgery, in 4 among the 13 patients the results of the two procedures were same, but in other 9 patients, those with anterior transposition were better than with myectomy (p<0.05), Inferior oblique action following myectomy was variable from -0.5 underaction to +2 overaction. but stable from -0.5 underaction to +0.5 overaction in anterior transposition cases (p<0.05). It appears that anterior transposition of the inferior oblique is superior to myectomy for the treatment of overaction of inferior obliuqe.
Double-Blind Method ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies