No abstract available.
Animals* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Animals* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.

We evaluated 38patients with orbital wall fracture, who were repaired surgically after its diagnosis from January 1986 to October 1995. We analysed its clinical symptoms and signs, ocular motlity disturbances and strabismus remaining after reduction. All the aptients showed diplopia due to ocular motility disturbance, it was greater in the patients with large fracture size and inferior wall fracture. The ocular motility disturbance remaining after the reduction was proportional to the fracture size and the time between trauma and its reduction. The exotropia and hypertropia of the fracturd eye were the main types of strabismus remaining after reduction. It was more severe in the patients with large fracture size and upper grade of ocular motility disturbance. The weakening procedure of horizontal and vertical muscle resulted in good correction for the strabismus.
Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Foreign Bodies*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic* ; Incidence*

Clonidine, an a2-adrenergic agonist, has sedative and analgesic properties and reduces the inhalation anesthetic requirement and modifies the hemodynamic responses to surgery. But occasionally, severe bradycardia and hypotensian during inhalation anesthesia develops following oral clonidine premedication. To predict intraoperative hemodynamic changes during enflurane anesthesia, author evaluated noninvasive autonomic tests consisted of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), Valsalva's maneuver (VSV), R-R interval difference in head up tilt (HTR) and diastolic blood pressure difference in head up tilt (HTP) in fifty-one patients (ASA physical status I~II ) scheduled for elective surgery. Patients were received 5 ug/kg of oral clonidine at 90 min before operation. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane, oxygen (2 liter/min) and nitrous oxide (2 liter /min). The enflurane concentration was controlled to maintain blood pressure within +/-20% of preinduction value. After anesthesia, patients were allocated to two groups according to above and below 0.5 MAC (0.84 vo1%) enflurane concentration. Each preoperative autonomic test results revealed significant correlation with heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and enflurane concentration (EC), respectively (p<0.05). Values of RSA, HTR, HTP, MAP and HH wm 81+/-14.4 ms, 76+/-43.5 ms, -6+/-5.2 mmHg, 76+6.4 mmHg and 63+/-5.5 beats/min, respectively in below 0.5 MAC enflurane concentration group and were significantly different from values of RSA; 16933.7 ms, HTR; 175+/-41.7 ms, HTP; 6+/-3.1 mmHg, MAP; 90+/-11.0 mmHg and HR; 76+/-7.6 beats/min in above 0.5 MAC enflurane concen- tration group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the simple noninvasive autonomic tests are recommended in prediction of intra-operative hemodynamic changes during enflurane anesthesia when oral clonidine premedication is indicated.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Arrhythmia, Sinus ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Clonidine* ; Enflurane* ; Head ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Premedication ; Valsalva Maneuver

Clonidine, an a2-adrenergic agonist, has sedative and analgesic properties and reduces the inhalation anesthetic requirement and modifies the hemodynamic responses to surgery. But occasionally, severe bradycardia and hypotensian during inhalation anesthesia develops following oral clonidine premedication. To predict intraoperative hemodynamic changes during enflurane anesthesia, author evaluated noninvasive autonomic tests consisted of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), Valsalva's maneuver (VSV), R-R interval difference in head up tilt (HTR) and diastolic blood pressure difference in head up tilt (HTP) in fifty-one patients (ASA physical status I~II ) scheduled for elective surgery. Patients were received 5 ug/kg of oral clonidine at 90 min before operation. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane, oxygen (2 liter/min) and nitrous oxide (2 liter /min). The enflurane concentration was controlled to maintain blood pressure within +/-20% of preinduction value. After anesthesia, patients were allocated to two groups according to above and below 0.5 MAC (0.84 vo1%) enflurane concentration. Each preoperative autonomic test results revealed significant correlation with heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and enflurane concentration (EC), respectively (p<0.05). Values of RSA, HTR, HTP, MAP and HH wm 81+/-14.4 ms, 76+/-43.5 ms, -6+/-5.2 mmHg, 76+6.4 mmHg and 63+/-5.5 beats/min, respectively in below 0.5 MAC enflurane concentration group and were significantly different from values of RSA; 16933.7 ms, HTR; 175+/-41.7 ms, HTP; 6+/-3.1 mmHg, MAP; 90+/-11.0 mmHg and HR; 76+/-7.6 beats/min in above 0.5 MAC enflurane concen- tration group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the simple noninvasive autonomic tests are recommended in prediction of intra-operative hemodynamic changes during enflurane anesthesia when oral clonidine premedication is indicated.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Arrhythmia, Sinus ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Clonidine* ; Enflurane* ; Head ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Premedication ; Valsalva Maneuver

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, associated with marked inflammatory cells (of mast cells and eosinophils) and severe itching, which leads to clinical problems in the pediatric population. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of luteolin liposome solution, that is entrapped the hydrophobic luteolin (one of the flavonoids) into ethosome to improve its stability, by using hapten-induced atopic dermatitis animal model (NC/Nga mice).The luteolin liposome treated mice showed anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the lowering of erythema and edema in clinical observation, reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and epidermal thickness in histopathological examination, when compared with TNCB induced controls. Luteolin liposome solution also reduced the serum IgE level which played important roles in the atopic dermatitis model. These results suggest that luteolin liposome solution has some merit in this formulation showing inhibitory effects for the atopic dermatitis.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Edema ; Erythema ; Immunoglobulin E ; Liposomes ; Luteolin ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Pruritus ; Skin Diseases

The Fracture of the os calcis is quite common in relation to fracture in other tarsal bone, and fractures involving the subtalar joint may cause serious and persistant disabilities. The treatment of these calcaneal fractures remains controversial So there is no universal agreement in the treatment of these fractures, especially involving the subtalar joint. Twenty displaced intraarticular fractures of calcaneus in 15 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws and bone graft through a lateral approach to elevate the depressed lateral portion of the posterior facet at the Inchon Chritian Hospital from Jan., 1990 to Dec, 1991. Twenty feet in 15 patients of calcaneal fractures involving the subtalal joint were treated and were clinically analysed and following result were obtained. 1. The 20 cases were classified according to the Sanders classification, 9 in type II, 9 in type III and 2 in type IV. 2. The 20 cases were treated by open reduction andinteranl fixation with plate and screws and iliac bone graft through an Sanders lateral approach. The bone graft is packed under the elevated posterior to prevent late collapse of the central fragment and to supply structral stability. 3. The preoperative average Böhler's angle was 0.4°. The post operative average Böhler's angle was 23.4° which was increased significantly. 4. Based on assessment of result of Salama, excellenwas 6, good was 7, fair was 4 and poor was 3. 5. The most common complication after treatment was persistant pain, especially beneath the lateral malleolus.
Calcaneus ; Classification ; Foot ; Humans ; Incheon ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Subtalar Joint ; Tarsal Bones ; Transplants