To use basic data for health planning and evaluation of Kangwha community health project of Yonsei University, a study on death rates and causes of death were investigated in two townships (Naega and Sunwon Myuns) in Kangwha County from April 1, 1975 to March 31, 1977). All death was identified and reported by family health workers who are living in each village and 2 trained public health nurses confirmed the death. The causes of death were investigated by 2 public physicians. Total number of deaths for 2 years was 230 and the followings are brief summary of the study. 1. Age-adjusted crude death rates of study area were 8.69 per 1,000 population in 1975 and 7.18 per 1,000 population in 1976. Age-adjusted crude death rates for male were 9.18 in 1975 and 6.38 in 1976 and for female were 8.33 and 7.80 per 1,000 population. 2. Age specific death rate curves by year and sex showed "U" shapes. 3. Infant and neonatal death rates were 30.08 and 22.56 per 1,000 live births in 1975, and the rates in 1976 were 18.18 and 13.64. 4. The most common cause of death was cerebrovascular disease and average cause specific death rate for the disease was 215.5 per 100,000 population. 5. Four leading causes of death were non-infectious origin ; cerevrovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, senility and suicide. Pulmonaty tubeculosis and pneumonia occupied 5th and 9th causes of death. 6. Stomach cancer and hepatoma occupied 61.3% of total death due to malignant neoplasms. 7. Most frequent cause of neonatal death was birth injury. Two deaths due to tetanus were found in 1975, but no death due to this disease was found in 1976. 8. About half of deceased received care from physician before death.
Birth Injuries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cause of Death* ; Family Health ; Female ; Health Planning ; Humans ; Infant ; Live Birth ; Male ; Mortality* ; Nurses, Public Health ; Pneumonia ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Suicide ; Tetanus

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Mouth Mucosa

The laser provides the surgeons with several advantages and are capable of providing very high intensity output that can be collimated, resulting in spots sized on the order of the wave length of light, having extremely high energy density, therefore pathological tissues can be removed without blood loss or surrounding tissue edema. There are some problems related to anesthetic management for otolaryngeal laser sugery. One such problem is flamibility of endotracheal tube by the laser light and the difficulties of keeping airway open during the surgery. The anesthesiologist should understasnd the character and the hasards of laser light for both the patients and the others in the operating room. We have clinically analyzed 282 cases of otolaryngeal laser surgery to study their hasards and the anesthetic problems, from January 4th 1988 to December 31,1990. in Wallace Memorial Hospital, Pusan, Korea. The results were as follows 1) Endotracheal tube cuff perforation has occured during otolaryngeal laser sugery in 10.6 percent by the biginner surgeons, and 1.8 percent by expert surgeons. 2) Endotracheal tube firing did not occured by using the endotracheal tube, that was wrapped with aluminum foil tape. 3) Kinking of the endotracheal tube occured frequently by using these tubes during otolaryngeal laser surgery in 5.7 percent by biginner surgeons and 1.4 percent by expert surgeons.
Aluminum ; Busan ; Edema ; Fires ; Humans ; Korea ; Laser Therapy* ; Operating Rooms

A 49-year-old man was admitted to Baptist Hospital on September 1, 1990. For mitral valve replacement due to mitral regurgitation. He has been treated by implantation of artificial pacemaker due to complete heart block for 1 year ago. We have experienced anesthetic management above patient who was scheduled of MVR. The patient with a cardiac pacemaker (VVI type) could give anesthesiologist many associated problems during the operation and anesthesia. During anesthesia an anesthesiologist should be able to manage the problems which might occur because of a cardiac pacemaker by various origins. Authors report this case with evaluation of references.
Anesthesia ; Heart Block ; Heart* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Protestantism ; Thoracic Surgery*

Adult ; Connective Tissue ; Extremities ; Head ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Neck ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma

Intravenous anesthesia of propofol was compared with ketamine on 20 gynecological patients undergoing dilatation and currettage. The patients were randomly assigned to study in two treatment groups so that l0 patients was administered ketamine anesthesia and 10 patients was administered propofol anesthesia. The hemodynamic responses and recovery characteristics of the two group were compared with control group. Arterial blood pressure(systolie, .mean, diastolic) and heart rate after induction were significantly increased in ketamine group, but showed significantly decrease in propofol group(table 5). Time to full recovery(mean+/-SD) was significantly less in the propofol group(14.3+/-2.9 min vs 40.2+/-4.l min, p<0.01)(table 4). The authors conclude that intravenos anesthesia of propofol is a pratical alternative technique for gynecological patients undergoing dilatation and currettage and may be preferable to ketamine because of the significantly shorter recovery time.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Dilatation* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Propofol*

Ankylosis ; Arthroplasty ; Burns ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Facial Asymmetry ; Jaw ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to learn the usefulness, cost-effectiveness and safety of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography(ITEE) during open heart surgery for congenital heart diseases. METHODS: The usefulness and safety of ITEE were assessed in 254 patients who underwent open heart surgery for congenital heart diseases from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003, with retrospective chart reviews and a simple relative cost analysis. RESULTS: Among 254 open heart surgery patients, ITEE was not performed in 47 cases. The majority of cases were atrial septal defect(15 cases, 32%), ventricular septal defect(16 cases, 34%), ASD and VSD(three cases, 6.4%). In the other five smaller babies(weight range 2.7-3.1 kg), the ITEE probes couldn't pass the patient's esophagus. In 207 cases, ITEE were performed without any major complications. Residual abnormalities were identified by ITEE in six cases(2.9%), requiring surgical revisions : four cases with right ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient, one case of residual mitral regurgitation and one case of residual aortic stenosis and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis. If these six cases had not directly returned to bypass for surgical revision of the initial repair at the same operation, the additional fee of reoperation after leaving operation room were estimated to be won47,496,346(won7,916.057 per patient). In contrast, the costs of performing ITEE in all open heart surgical patients(207 patients) stood to total won82,800,000(won400,000 per patient). CONCLUSION: ITEE was not considered to be a beneficial diagnostic modality in terms of cost effectiveness in this study. But, the routine use of ITEE during most open heart surgery for congenial heart defects may be warranted as it produces no major complication, improves postoperative care, and comforts surgeon's feelings.
Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Esophagus ; Fees and Charges ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Postoperative Care ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery