To use basic data for health planning and evaluation of Kangwha community health project of Yonsei University, a study on death rates and causes of death were investigated in two townships (Naega and Sunwon Myuns) in Kangwha County from April 1, 1975 to March 31, 1977). All death was identified and reported by family health workers who are living in each village and 2 trained public health nurses confirmed the death. The causes of death were investigated by 2 public physicians. Total number of deaths for 2 years was 230 and the followings are brief summary of the study. 1. Age-adjusted crude death rates of study area were 8.69 per 1,000 population in 1975 and 7.18 per 1,000 population in 1976. Age-adjusted crude death rates for male were 9.18 in 1975 and 6.38 in 1976 and for female were 8.33 and 7.80 per 1,000 population. 2. Age specific death rate curves by year and sex showed "U" shapes. 3. Infant and neonatal death rates were 30.08 and 22.56 per 1,000 live births in 1975, and the rates in 1976 were 18.18 and 13.64. 4. The most common cause of death was cerebrovascular disease and average cause specific death rate for the disease was 215.5 per 100,000 population. 5. Four leading causes of death were non-infectious origin ; cerevrovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, senility and suicide. Pulmonaty tubeculosis and pneumonia occupied 5th and 9th causes of death. 6. Stomach cancer and hepatoma occupied 61.3% of total death due to malignant neoplasms. 7. Most frequent cause of neonatal death was birth injury. Two deaths due to tetanus were found in 1975, but no death due to this disease was found in 1976. 8. About half of deceased received care from physician before death.
Birth Injuries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cause of Death* ; Family Health ; Female ; Health Planning ; Humans ; Infant ; Live Birth ; Male ; Mortality* ; Nurses, Public Health ; Pneumonia ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Suicide ; Tetanus

The role of the periosteum on osteointegration of Bio-Oss(R)(Geistlich, Wolhusen/Switzerland) was studied in rabbit calvarial defect. 12 New Zealand white male rabbits between 2.8 and 4 kg were included in this randomized, blinded, prospective study. Each rabbit was anesthetized with Ketamine HCl(5 mg/kg) and Xylazine HCl(1.5 ml/kg). An incision was made to the bony cranium and the periosteum was reflected. Using a 6-mm trephine bur(3i. USA), four 8-mm defects were created with copious irrigation. The defects were classified into barrier membrane(Tefgen(R), Lifecore Biomedical, Inc, U.S.A.) only group as a control, Bio-Oss(R) with barrier membrane group, Bio-Oss(R) with periosteum covering group, and Bio-Oss(R) without periosteum covering group. There were 2 rabbits in each group. The wound was closed with resorbable suture materials. Rabbits were sacrificed using phentobarbital(100 mg/kg) intravenously at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. The samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and decalcified in hydrochloric acid decalcifying solution(Fisher Scientific, Tustin, CA) at 4degrees C for 2-4 weeks. It was embedded in paraffin and cut into 6 micrometer thickness. The sections were stained with H & E and observed by optical microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The periosteum played an important role in osteointegration of Bio-Oss(R) in bone defects. 2. When the periosteum remained intact and Bio-Oss(R) was placed on the defect, Bio-Oss(R) with periosteum covering has been incorporated into the newly formed bone from 2-week postoperatively. 3. When the periosteum was removed at the surgical procedure, invasion of connective tissue took place among the granules, and new bone formation was delayed compared to periosteum covering group. Therefore, when the bone grafting was performed with periosteal incision procedure to achieve tension-free suture, the integrity of the overlying periosteum should be maintained to avoid fibrous tissue ingrowth.
Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Transplantation ; Connective Tissue ; Humans ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Ketamine ; Male ; Membranes ; New Zealand ; Osteogenesis ; Paraffin ; Periosteum* ; Prospective Studies ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Sutures ; Wounds and Injuries ; Xylazine

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Mouth Mucosa

Extracellular matrix component is degraded by enzymes of thematrix metalloproteinases(MMPs). MMPs are produced by both hemopoietic and structural cells. Increased activity of MMP-3 in periodontium is strongly associated with inflammatory periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of tetracycline analogues on the activity of MMP-3. Tetracycline-HCl, doxycycline-HCl, and minocycline-HCl were applied to huamn gingival fibroblasts at various concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200microgram/ml, and 1 hour later IL-1beta of 25ng/ml was added. After incubation for 24 hours the cells were reacted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using proMMP-3 ELISA kit. The optical density was measured by microwell plate reader at 450nm. The relative activity of MMP-3 was calculated as the percentage of the optical density of each experimental group to that of the control. The difference of the optical density and the relative activity of MMP-3 between the experimental groups and the control wasstatistically analyzed by one way ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. Tetracycline-HCl showed the tendency to inhibit the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration lower than 25 microgram/ml, but increased significantly the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration of 200microgram/ml(p<0.05). 2. Doxycycline-HCl inhibited significantly the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration lower than 100microgram/ml, but increased significantly the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration of 200microgram/ml(p<0.05). 3. Minocycline-HCl inhibited the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration in the range of 10 to 200microgram/ml. Within the limit of the present study, the above results suggested that the low concentration of tetracycline analogues could inhibit the activity of MMP-3 induced by IL-1beta in human gingival fibroblasts.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontium ; Tetracycline*

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the body weight, body mass index (BMI), and basal serum level of LH, FSH, testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) are related to the ovarian response to clomiphene citrate (CC) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHOD: From January 1996 to June 1997, total 57 patients with PCOS were enrolled in the present study. Women who had other infertility factors were excluded from our study. The ovulation induction using CC was used in all patients. The patients were grouped into 50 mg group, 100 mg group, and 150 mg group according to their daily CC dose. The patients were also grouped to ovulatory and non-ovulatory group. The body weight, BMI, arid basal serum level of LH, FSH, T, DHEA-S were measured in all patients on the 2nd or 3rd day of the menstrual cycle. Results were analysed with Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The body weight and BMI of the nonovulating group were significantly higher than those of the ovulating group in all groups (50, 100, 150 mg of CC). However, there were no significant differences of the level of LH and FSH between ovulating and nonovulating groups in all CC groups (50, 100, 150 mg). The level of T of nonovulating group was significantly higher in 50 and 100 mg of CC groups, but not in 150 mg group. The level of DHEA-S of the non-ovulating group is significantly higher in 50 mg group, but not in 100 and 150 mg groups. CONCLUSION: The body weight and BMI could be useful predictors of ovarian response to CC in patients with PCOS, and basal T and DHEA-S also might be useful in cases of low-dose CC treatment.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Clomiphene* ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Menstrual Cycle ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Testosterone

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cases treated in our hospital. METHODS: The case studies of 43 patients who had been treated for primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor from 1990 to 1999 in Korea University Guro Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical characteristics analyzed included patient age, sex, tumor location, and size; while also analyzed was the 5-year survival rate according to tumor location, size and malignancy in order to identify the factors that predict survival. RESULTS: Tumor locations were stomach (31 cases), small bowel (11 cases) and colon (1 case). The malignant GISTs comprised 22 cases, borderline GISTs 5 cases and benign GISTs 16 cases. The overall 5-year patient survival rate was 83.3% and the 5-year survival rates according to dgree of malignancy were 100% (benign and borderline GISTs) and 68.1% (malignant GISTs, p=0.026). The 5-year survival rates according to tumor size were 100% (tumor size smaller than 5 cm) and 70.8% (tumor size larger than 5 cm, p=0.015). The 5-year survival rate was not related to tumor location to a statistically significant extent. CONCLUSION: GISTs are infrequently encountered tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Tumor size was found to be the most important factor for survival prediction in the clinical situation and hence the complete resection of tumors especially those larger than 5 cm, will improve the treatment outcome for GISTs.
Colon ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Korea ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Intravenous anesthesia of propofol was compared with ketamine on 20 gynecological patients undergoing dilatation and currettage. The patients were randomly assigned to study in two treatment groups so that l0 patients was administered ketamine anesthesia and 10 patients was administered propofol anesthesia. The hemodynamic responses and recovery characteristics of the two group were compared with control group. Arterial blood pressure(systolie, .mean, diastolic) and heart rate after induction were significantly increased in ketamine group, but showed significantly decrease in propofol group(table 5). Time to full recovery(mean+/-SD) was significantly less in the propofol group(14.3+/-2.9 min vs 40.2+/-4.l min, p<0.01)(table 4). The authors conclude that intravenos anesthesia of propofol is a pratical alternative technique for gynecological patients undergoing dilatation and currettage and may be preferable to ketamine because of the significantly shorter recovery time.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Dilatation* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Propofol*

A 49-year-old man was admitted to Baptist Hospital on September 1, 1990. For mitral valve replacement due to mitral regurgitation. He has been treated by implantation of artificial pacemaker due to complete heart block for 1 year ago. We have experienced anesthetic management above patient who was scheduled of MVR. The patient with a cardiac pacemaker (VVI type) could give anesthesiologist many associated problems during the operation and anesthesia. During anesthesia an anesthesiologist should be able to manage the problems which might occur because of a cardiac pacemaker by various origins. Authors report this case with evaluation of references.
Anesthesia ; Heart Block ; Heart* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Protestantism ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Intussusception* ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome*

Adult ; Connective Tissue ; Extremities ; Head ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Neck ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma