Small ovarian cysts(<0.7 cm in diameter) are common in prepubertal children. Occasionally larger cysts occur in young girls with isosexual incomplete precocious puberty in the absence of LH and FSH elevation. The mechanism of production of these autonomous functioning cysts is unknown. A 3 year 6 month-old girl was referred to our department of pediatrics because of severe vaginal bleeding. On examination, she was tall and had breast enlargement of Tanner stage II. On hormonal study, FSH(0.38mIU/ml) was suppressed and estradiol(62.2pg/ml) was markedly elevated, and GnRH stimulation failed to evoke an increase in gonadotropin. Bone age was advanced. Pelvic ultrasonography showed both huge ovarian cysts. Brain MRI showed no abnormalities. We underwent both ovarian cystectomy and histological examination showed follicular cyst in left ovary and luteal cyst in right ovary. After ovarian cystectomy vaginal bleeding stopped and hormonal abnormalities were normalized. We report a case of autonomous ovarian cysts presenting severe vaginal bleeding treated with ovarian cystectomy.
Brain ; Breast ; Child ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Follicular Cyst ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Ovary ; Pediatrics ; Puberty, Precocious ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Hemorrhage*

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that can lead to deterioration in the social and occupational functioning of affected individuals with a major cost to society. A wide range of studies suggest a genetic component to the inheritance of schizophrenia. The molecular genetic studies on schizophrenia have been actively performed since late 1980s. In linkage studies, no loci were replicated across studies and there were no loci surpassing genome-wide significance. Candidate gene association studies showed generally inconsistent results and there were no enrichment of smaller P-values. In the GWAS era, the community has coalesced into large international consortia. The largest schizophrenia GWAS to date is 50,000 samples and efforts are ongoing to accumulate 50,000 cases and 50,000 controls as part of 'PGC2' collaboration. With the limitation of GWAS results, several alternatives are being explored. In genotyping, the concepts of allelic spectrum including from common polygenic to rare penetrant variation are emerging. Phenotypes include all phenomena beyond DNA. The developments in transcriptomic & proteomic approach and intensive research on endophenotype will bring crucial insights into the nature of schizophrenia in the future. But there still remains our task about research on many factors including environment that influence gene expression (epigenetics), age, and gender.
Cooperative Behavior ; DNA ; Endophenotypes ; Epigenomics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Association Studies ; Molecular Biology ; Phenotype ; Schizophrenia ; Wills

The authors presented a case of malignant melanoma of the choroid which had been unsuspected clinically. The patient, 38-year-old female, came to Korea General Hospital on Dec. 5-1973 because of blind painful eye and white pupil in the left side. And she was told at local clinic that she had retinal detachment in that eye about 3 years ago. We thought of this case as secondary glaucoma due to swollen lens behind at first. Therefore cryoextraction of the lens was performed for relieving the ocular pain, on Dec. 5-1973. Increased I.O.P., however, had been persisted and ocular pain had not been improved until the patient entered this hospital again on Jan. 25-1974. Enucleation was performed and choroidal malignant melanoma (spindle type) was proven by histopathological study. The patient was instructive to us that we should always remind the possibilities of intraocular tumor behind the opaque media, in cases of unilateral glaucomatous blind eye with shallow anterior chamber.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Choroid* ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Melanoma* ; Pupil ; Retinal Detachment

Transrectal ultrasonography was done in 14 healthy men and 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia to demonstrate the pathomorphology of the prostate and to determine the preoperative prostatic size. We found that the transrectal ultrasonographic examination allowed for an accurate estimation of the prostatic size. The following results were obtained. 1. The average values of anterioposterior, transverse and longitudinal diameter were 2.45+/-0.49 cm. 4.12+/-0.69 cm and 3.39+/-0.42 cm in control group and 3.37+/-1.06 cm. 5.07+/-0.71 cm and 4.46+/-0.84 cm in BPH. 2. The average weight of the prostate was 20.07+/-5.15 gm in control group and 47.02+/-25.81 gm in BPH. 3. In patients treated with transurethral resection of the prostate the mean estimated weight was 36.0 gm while the mean actual resection weight was 11.4 gm The difference between these 2 values was 24.6 gm. 4. In patients treated with open prostatectomy the mean estimated weight was 78.8 gm, while the mean actual resection weight was 48.7gm. The difference between these 2 values was 30.1 gm.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid*

Digital subtraction angiography(DSA) was made in 72 patients at department of radiology, Seoul National University hospital from February 1982 to January 1983 with our system, SRM-II, developed by cooperation of department of medical engineering, Seoul National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. In the total 72 cases, vascular disease was 28 cases in which aortic disease including Takayasu's aortitis was 18 cases. Others were vascular tumors in 32 cases and various conditions such as renal donor and artificial arteriovenous shunt. 2. Extent of the lesion was well delineated especially in aortic disease in cluding 8 cases of Takayasu's aortitis, 6 cases of aortic aneurysm and 2 cases of Behcet's syndrome. 3. DSA can be done to outpatient without admission because of its simplicity and non-invasiveness. DSA is useful especially in the evaluation and follow-up of vascular disease and the diagnostic value is expected to grow continuously according to the renewal of system.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Diseases ; Aortitis ; Behcet Syndrome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors ; Vascular Diseases

For autologous transfusion, intraoperative salvage technique with Cell Saver Apparatus was used in open heart surgery. Seventy-eight patients were involved in this study and divided into two groups. They were group of salvage(n=58) and non-salvage(n=20). In each group, they were also divided into four groups of CHD(who underwent surgery of congenital heart disease), UNDO(who underwent first-valvular surgery or repair of dissecting aneurysm), REDO(who underwent redo-valvular surgery) and CABG(who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery) according to the degree of blood loss during surgery. Amount of blood obtained from Cell Saver Apparatus was 811+/-273(mean+/-std) ml. Hematologic profile of blood from this apparatus was as follows, 1) Hemoglobin: 18.2+/-2.0(g/dl), 2) Hematocrit: 52.8+/-5.6(%), 3) Platelet: 35K+/-21K (mm). The hank blood utility ratio{No. of patients who used hank blood (No. of patients who used bank blood+who didnt use bank blood)x100(%)) tended to increase in non-salvage group and statistically significant(p< or =0.05) only in CHD group(non-salvage group vs. salvage group= 63% vs. 17%). And the amount of bank blood transfused tended to be higher in non-salvage group than salvage group and statistically significant(p< or =0.05) only in CHD group. This study suggested that intraoperative salvage technique with Cell Saver Apparatus could decrease the use of bank blood in open heart surgery.
Blood Platelets ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Heart* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Thoracic Surgery*

For autologous transfusion, intraoperative salvage technique with Cell Saver Apparatus was used in open heart surgery. Seventy-eight patients were involved in this study and divided into two groups. They were group of salvage(n=58) and non-salvage(n=20). In each group, they were also divided into four groups of CHD(who underwent surgery of congenital heart disease), UNDO(who underwent first-valvular surgery or repair of dissecting aneurysm), REDO(who underwent redo-valvular surgery) and CABG(who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery) according to the degree of blood loss during surgery. Amount of blood obtained from Cell Saver Apparatus was 811+/-273(mean+/-std) ml. Hematologic profile of blood from this apparatus was as follows, 1) Hemoglobin: 18.2+/-2.0(g/dl), 2) Hematocrit: 52.8+/-5.6(%), 3) Platelet: 35K+/-21K (mm). The hank blood utility ratio{No. of patients who used hank blood (No. of patients who used bank blood+who didnt use bank blood)x100(%)) tended to increase in non-salvage group and statistically significant(p< or =0.05) only in CHD group(non-salvage group vs. salvage group= 63% vs. 17%). And the amount of bank blood transfused tended to be higher in non-salvage group than salvage group and statistically significant(p< or =0.05) only in CHD group. This study suggested that intraoperative salvage technique with Cell Saver Apparatus could decrease the use of bank blood in open heart surgery.
Blood Platelets ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Heart* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Goiter*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Polyhydramnios