No abstract available.
Turner Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

PURPOSE:The clinical course in adult autoimmune thyroiditis varies: both transient and intermittent hypothyroidism occur during the course of disease and spontaneous recoveries from the hypothyroid state has been described. To determine whether these kinds of variations occur in the course of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and whether the size of thyroid gland, or immunologic measurement such as thyroid antibodies correlated with the course or outcome of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. METHODS:Fifty six patients (54 girls) who attended the clinic between 1986 and 1996 were followed during 36 months prospectively. The clinical diagnosis of juvenile chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was confirmed by Fisher et al.(1975) criteria in all patients. Assessment of thyroid function was based on clinical diagnosis and on the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine. Physical examination, thyroid function test and antithyroid antibody test were evaluated with 6 months intervals. RESULTS:Initially, 27 patients were euthyroid, 19 compensatory hypothyroidism and 10 overt hypothyroidism. At the end of follow up, 31 patients were euthyroid, 11 compensatory hypothyroidism and 14 overt hypothyroidism. On one or more occasions, 92.7% of the patients had positive results for thyroid antibodies. Overt hypothyroidism at the end of follow up correlated with the initial thyroid states and with detection of thyroglobulin antibodies. CONCLUSIONS:The best predictors of the final hypothyroid state were initial hypothyroidism and detection of thyroglobulin antibodies.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hashimoto Disease* ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: To evaluate leptin values in placental cord blood of newborns with normal intruterine growth after 30 weeks of gestation and to study the relationship of leptin with gestational age, birth size, ponderal index, BMI, placental weight, gender difference, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I(IGF-I) and Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3). METHODS: Ninety healthy newborns(49 males and 41 females) with normal intrauterine growth were studied. They were classified into 4 groups according to the gestational age(GA):group I(30-33 weeks GA, n=17), group II(34-36 weeks GA, n= 24), group III(37-39 weeks GA, n=32) and group IV(40-42 weeks GA, n=17). At the time of delivery, newborn infant' weight, length, head circumference and placental weight were measured and BMI, ponderal index were calculated. A venous cord blood sample was collected at the time of delivery and serum leptin(RIA), IGF-I (IRMA) and IGFBP-3(IRMA) were measured. RESULTS: Cord blood leptin correlated positively with gestational age(r=0.730, P>0.01), body weight(r=0.686, P<0.01), length(r=0.419, P<0.01), head circumference(r= 0.498, P<0.01), BMI(r=0.750, P<0.01), ponderal index(r=0.704, P<0.01), placental weight(r=0.536, P<0.01), IGF-I(r=307, P<0.01) and IGFBP-3(r=0.736, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed BMI, IGFBP-3 and sex(female) were independent predictors of leptin values. Leptin values increased progressively throughout gestation. Mean leptin values of group II(3.90+/-.28ng/mL) were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of group I(1.92+/-.09ng/mL) and also values of group III(5.37+/-.52ng/mL) were higher than those of group II(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between group III and group IV(6.45+/-.36ng/mL). Mean leptin values in females(5.07+/-.54ng/mL, n=41) were significantly higher than in males(4.07+/-.76 ng/mL, n=49) but there was no inter-gender difference in body weight, BMI, ponderal index, IGF-I, IGFBP-3. In addition, mean leptin values in females(7.45+/-.07 ng/mL) were significantly higher than in males(5.02+/-.09ng/mL) after 40 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: BMI, IGFBP-3 and sex(female) were independent predictors of leptin values. Leptin values increased significantly after 34 weeks of gestation and females had higher leptin values than males, especially in fullterm newborns. Leptin values in newborns had higher correlations with IGFBP-3 than with IGF-I as gestational age increased.
Body Weight ; Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Leptin* ; Linear Models ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fetal Growth Retardation* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans

PURPOSE:Hypochondroplasia is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by poor childhood growth and an inadequate pubertal growth spurt. Final height attainment of hypochondroplasia has been reported to range between 120 and 152cm. Increased availability of growth hormone with the introduction of recombinant human growth hormone has allowed for clinical trials in a number of growth hormone sufficient children with growth problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth promoting effect of human growth hormone in children with hypochondroplasia. METHODS:Five patients with hypochondroplasia diagnosed by clinical and radiological findings between 1993 and 1997 at our hospital was aged 3 and 1/2 -11 and 1/2 years. Each patients continuously received human growth hormone 0.6-0.7U/Kg/week, intramuscularly or subcutaneously in 6-7 divided dose for 2 years. Standard auxologic assessment was carried out every 3 month interval in the first year after commencement of therapy and then same assessment was 6 monthly. Bone age was assessed 6 monthly using Gleurich-Pyle method. RESULTS:Mean height velocity of pretreatment and year 1 and 2 of GH treatment were 3.9+/-0.7, 6.5+/-1.8 and 5.7+/-1.5cm/year, respectively. Mean height standard deviation score for chronological age of pretreatment and year 1 and 2 of GH treatment were -2.7+/-0.3, -2.4+/-0.3 and -2.2+/-0.4, respectively. The increase in the height velocity diminishes over the subsequent year. The increment of bone age after GH treatment were same as the increments of chronological age. CONCLUSION: Short-term GH therapy increases the height velocity of children with hypochondroplasia, but the effect of GH therapy on final height remains unknown.
Child* ; Growth Hormone* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare because of high resistance to bacterial infection of thyroid gland, which is rich vascularity and lymphatic drainage, a high iodine content and complete encapsulation. The common clinical manifestations are fever, neck pain and localized mass of thyroid area. This thyroiditis is more common in left thyroid lobe. The most important causal microorganism are staphylococci and streptococci, with frequent isolation of mixed flora and anaerobes. Diagnosis was easily made by typical clinical manifestation, ultrasonography, thyroid imaging and fine needle aspiration. Treatment usually consist of appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage when abscess formation develops. We report a typical case of acute suppurative thyroiditis in 1 year old female infant with brief review of literatures.
Abscess ; Bacterial Infections ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodine ; Neck Pain ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative* ; Ultrasonography

The thyroid gland is highly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation. The development of benign thyroid nodules, thyroid carcinoma and thyroid dysfunction following radiotherapy during childhood has been documented. Recently we experienced two cases of thyroid tumor after irradiation. One is a 14-year-old boy with thyroid follicular carcinoma who had received mantle irradiation(3,000cGy) eight years previously for Hodgkin' disease. The other is a 15-year- old boy with thyroid follicular adenoma who had received craniospinal irradiation (3,600cGy) seven years previously for CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We recommend frequent sonographic evaluation and early suppression of thyroid stimulation in an attempt to arrest the development of neoplastic changes in long term survivors of childhood malignancies who received radiation therapy.
Adenoma ; Adolescent ; Craniospinal Irradiation ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Survivors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare disease both in adults and in children. Most of these tumors are functional, especially in children, producing endocrine syndromes such as virilization, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or feminization. We experienced a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma in a 7yr old boy who showed features of virilization such as rapid growth rate, penile enlargement, and pubic hair. This case was diagnosed with typical hormonal findings and abdominal MRI and confirmed by pathologic findings. He was successfully treated by total left adrenalectomy and has been followed up without problem over eight months.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Child ; Cushing Syndrome ; Feminization ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Virilism