PURPOSE: Ischemic enterocolitis (IEC) is the total or partial infarction of the intestine in the absence of occlusion of a major mesenteric blood vessel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of IEC in children. METHODS: A clinical analysis of 6 patients with IEC who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Pusan National University Hospital, between 1996 and 2005 was conducted retrospectively. Patients were diagnosed with IEC based on clinical characteristics, including radiologic, endoscopic, histopathologic, and intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Four boys and 2 girls between the age of 6 weeks and 6 years were included in this study. Most of the patients were born at term and had a birth weight that was appropriate for their gestational age. The major symptoms of IEC observed included hematochezia or hematemesis (5 cases), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain or irritability (4 cases), as well as abdominal distension and fever (3 cases). IEC occurred in thecolon in 5 cases (2 descending colon, 1 descending and sigmoid colon, 1 sigmoid colon, 1 whole colon) and the duodenal bulb and gastric antrum in 1 case each. The type of the lesions observed includedulcera, which were found in 3 cases, perforation, which was pbserved in 2 cases, necrotic patches, which were observed in 2 cases, stricture, which was observedin 1 cases, and massive membranous desquamation of the epithelium, which was observed in 1 case. Two of the patients received surgical treatment and the remaining four were treated conservatively. None of the patients died. CONCLUSION: The presentation of IEC varies, and the findings of this study will be helpful in managing patients with IEC.
Abdominal Pain ; Birth Weight ; Blood Vessels ; Busan ; Child* ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diarrhea ; Enterocolitis* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gestational Age ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intestines ; Pediatrics ; Pyloric Antrum ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Ischemic enterocolitis (IEC) is the total or partial infarction of the intestine in the absence of occlusion of a major mesenteric blood vessel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of IEC in children. METHODS: A clinical analysis of 6 patients with IEC who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Pusan National University Hospital, between 1996 and 2005 was conducted retrospectively. Patients were diagnosed with IEC based on clinical characteristics, including radiologic, endoscopic, histopathologic, and intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Four boys and 2 girls between the age of 6 weeks and 6 years were included in this study. Most of the patients were born at term and had a birth weight that was appropriate for their gestational age. The major symptoms of IEC observed included hematochezia or hematemesis (5 cases), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain or irritability (4 cases), as well as abdominal distension and fever (3 cases). IEC occurred in thecolon in 5 cases (2 descending colon, 1 descending and sigmoid colon, 1 sigmoid colon, 1 whole colon) and the duodenal bulb and gastric antrum in 1 case each. The type of the lesions observed includedulcera, which were found in 3 cases, perforation, which was pbserved in 2 cases, necrotic patches, which were observed in 2 cases, stricture, which was observedin 1 cases, and massive membranous desquamation of the epithelium, which was observed in 1 case. Two of the patients received surgical treatment and the remaining four were treated conservatively. None of the patients died. CONCLUSION: The presentation of IEC varies, and the findings of this study will be helpful in managing patients with IEC.
Abdominal Pain ; Birth Weight ; Blood Vessels ; Busan ; Child* ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diarrhea ; Enterocolitis* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gestational Age ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intestines ; Pediatrics ; Pyloric Antrum ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting

An lumbar hernia is a rare clinical disease entity thatarises from the superior or inferior lumbar triangle and presents as a reducible protruding mass in the flank region between twelfth rib and the iliac crest. There are two classifications one classification is a congenital or acquired hernia according to the occurrence timing and the other classification is a superior (Grynfeltt-Lesshaft hernia) or inferior (Petit's hernia) lumbar hernia according to the anatomical location. Approximately 10% of all lumbar hernias are congenital and the vast majority of them are unilateral. We report here a case of a congenital lumbar hernia through the superior lumbar triangle of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft without any other congenital anomalies or complications in a four-month-old male. It was treated successfully with a surgical repair.
Classification ; Hernia* ; Humans ; Male ; Ribs

Eugenol is widely used in dentistry to relieve pain. We have recently demonstrated voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels as molecular targets for its analgesic effects, and hypothesized that eugenol acts on P2X3, another pain receptor expressed in trigeminal ganglion (TG), and tested the effects of eugenol by whole-cell patch clamp and Ca2+ imaging techniques. In the present study, we investigated whether eugenol would modulate 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced currents in rat TG neurons and P2X3-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. ATP-induced currents in TG neurons exhibited electrophysiological properties similar to those in HEK293 cells, and both ATP- and alpha,beta-meATP-induced currents in TG neurons were effectively blocked by TNP-ATP, suggesting that P2X3 mediates the majority of ATP-induced currents in TG neurons. Eugenol inhibited ATP-induced currents in both capsaicin-sensitive and capsaicin-insensitive TG neurons with similar extent, and most ATP-responsive neurons were IB4-positive. Eugenol inhibited not only Ca2+ transients evoked by alpha,beta-meATP, the selective P2X3 agonist, in capsaicin-insensitive TG neurons, but also ATP-induced currents in P2X3-expressing HEK293 cells without co-expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). We suggest, therefore, that eugenol inhibits P2X3 currents in a TRPV1-independent manner, which contributes to its analgesic effect.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Dentistry ; Eugenol ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney ; Neurons ; Nociceptors ; Rats ; Trigeminal Ganglion

Writing Committee of Korean clinical practice guidelines for secondary prevention of stroke has reviewed recent randomized controlled trials of cilostazol published after the first edition of Korean clinical practice guidelines that considered evidences published before June 2007. Two clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis which compared cilostazol directly with aspirin in the prevention of stroke in patients with cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were identified and included for the current guideline update. Review of findings indicates that cilostazol as compared to aspirin achieved a greater reduction of stroke as well as composite vascular events of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death. For safety, cilostazol was associated with fewer major bleeding events than aspirin. Accordingly, new recommendations for cilostazol are made for prevention of stroke in the setting of noncardioembolic stroke or TIA. Changes in the guidelines necessitated by new evidences will be continuously reflected in future guidelines.
Aspirin ; Cerebral Infarction ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Myocardial Infarction ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke ; Tetrazoles ; Writing