No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

OBJECTIVES: Estimating influenza-associated mortality is important since seasonal influenza affects persons of all ages, causing severe illness or death. This study aimed to estimate influenza-associated mortality, considering both periodic changes and age-specific mortality by influenza subtypes. METHODS: Using the Microdata Integrated Service from Statistics Korea, we collected weekly mortality data including cause of death. Laboratory surveillance data of respiratory viruses from 2009 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. After adjusting for the annual age-specific population size, we used a negative binomial regression model by age group and influenza subtype. RESULTS: Overall, 1 859 890 deaths were observed and the average rate of influenza virus positivity was 14.7% (standard deviation [SD], 5.8), with the following subtype distribution: A(H1N1), 5.0% (SD, 5.8); A(H3N2), 4.4% (SD, 3.4); and B, 5.3% (SD, 3.7). As a result, among individuals under 65 years old, 6774 (0.51%) all-cause deaths, 2521 (3.05%) respiratory or circulatory deaths, and 1048 (18.23%) influenza or pneumonia deaths were estimated. Among those 65 years of age or older, 30 414 (2.27%) all-cause deaths, 16 411 (3.42%) respiratory or circulatory deaths, and 4906 (6.87%) influenza or pneumonia deaths were estimated. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was the major contributor to influenza-associated all-cause and respiratory or circulatory deaths in both age groups. However, influenza A(H1N1) virus–associated influenza or pneumonia deaths were more common in those under 65 years old. CONCLUSIONS Influenza-associated mortality was substantial during this period, especially in the elderly. By subtype, influenza A(H3N2) virus made the largest contribution to influenza-associated mortality.

OBJECTIVES: Estimating influenza-associated mortality is important since seasonal influenza affects persons of all ages, causing severe illness or death. This study aimed to estimate influenza-associated mortality, considering both periodic changes and age-specific mortality by influenza subtypes. METHODS: Using the Microdata Integrated Service from Statistics Korea, we collected weekly mortality data including cause of death. Laboratory surveillance data of respiratory viruses from 2009 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. After adjusting for the annual age-specific population size, we used a negative binomial regression model by age group and influenza subtype. RESULTS: Overall, 1 859 890 deaths were observed and the average rate of influenza virus positivity was 14.7% (standard deviation [SD], 5.8), with the following subtype distribution: A(H1N1), 5.0% (SD, 5.8); A(H3N2), 4.4% (SD, 3.4); and B, 5.3% (SD, 3.7). As a result, among individuals under 65 years old, 6774 (0.51%) all-cause deaths, 2521 (3.05%) respiratory or circulatory deaths, and 1048 (18.23%) influenza or pneumonia deaths were estimated. Among those 65 years of age or older, 30 414 (2.27%) all-cause deaths, 16 411 (3.42%) respiratory or circulatory deaths, and 4906 (6.87%) influenza or pneumonia deaths were estimated. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was the major contributor to influenza-associated all-cause and respiratory or circulatory deaths in both age groups. However, influenza A(H1N1) virus–associated influenza or pneumonia deaths were more common in those under 65 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza-associated mortality was substantial during this period, especially in the elderly. By subtype, influenza A(H3N2) virus made the largest contribution to influenza-associated mortality.
Aged ; Cause of Death ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Mortality ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pneumonia ; Population Density ; Seasons

Intimal hyperplasia, an abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells with associated deposition of extracellular connective tissue matrix, is a chronic structual changes occuring in denuded arteries, arterialized vein and prosthetic bypass graft. This is one of the most important cause of vascular graft failure within the first year after operation. Certain growth factors, particularly basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor- , and platelet-derived growth factor, are believed to be the cause of the smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen deposition eventually produce intimal thickening with subsequent stenosis or occlusion of the vascular lumen. In order to evaluate the serial changes of injured vessel wall, aortic patch allograft was done in rat, and studied the morphological finding at 1 day, 1, 2, 6, and 8 weeks after graft. The results were summerized as follows; (1) During the early phase after graft, no significant wall changes were seen in the region of the anastomotic site except the presence of acute inflammatory cells with platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. (2) The intimal thickening was apparent by 1 week and was predominantly composed of smooth muscle cells. At the 2 weeks after graft, endothelial cells were partially regenerated to cover the patch graft, and intimal hyperplasia was composed of a mixture of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix, mostly collagen. (3) Six weeks after graft, prominent features were production and deposition of collagen rather than proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Reendothelialization over the thickened intima was seen at 8 weeks and the propagation of intimal hyperplasia to adjacent intima of normal vessel was also noted. In conclusion, intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury seemed to be a progressive response of the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells and this result might be used for further study about the suppression of intimal hyperplasia.
Allografts ; Animals ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Hyperplasia ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Rats ; Thrombosis ; Transplants ; Vascular System Injuries ; Veins

Choriocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies associated with pregnancy. The characteristics of this malignancy include abnormal growth of the trophoblastic tissue, direct invasion of adjacent organs, and distant metastasis; however, it rarely presents extragonadally. Recently, we have experienced a case of primary hepatic choriocarcinoma in a middle-aged-man, which was characterized by a solitary large hepatic mass with central necrosis and hemorrhaging, as well as metastases to the lung and lymph nodes along the hepatoduodenal ligament. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Choriocarcinoma ; Female ; Ligaments ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trophoblasts

Mirror movements are normal in childhood, and may persist to a later age following early brain lesions. The present report describes a 25 year old male patient who had been a severe febrile disease at the age of 2 years, after then persistent mild spastic right hemiparesis had been developed. By the age of 7 years he recalled that his two hand involutarily tended to move simultaneuosly, and whilst his problems did not progress. They became more obtrusive and the bimanual movements seriously intefered with his activity, so he became aware that many or most of movements performed with one hand. There were obvious mirror movements of both hands and fingers with a greater tendency for mirroring to occut in the right hand with intended movements of the left hand, than vice versa. Passive movements did not elicit mirror movements. Brain CT scan reveal diffuse atrophy in left hemisphere.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Spasticity ; Paresis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To evaluate effect of coronary collateral circulation on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction, global ejection fraction(EF), left ventricular end distolic pressure(LVEDP), peak creatine kinase(CK) level and regional wall motion were analysed and compared in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction according to grade of coronary collateral circulation. Patients with total or near total(above 95% of diameter) occlsion of left anterior descending coronary artery without significant lesion in right coronary artery or left circumflex artery were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the degree of collateral circulation on coronary angiography, to be compared by the index of ejection fraction, peak creatine kinase level, left ventricular and diastolic pressure and regional wall motion. The result are as following : 1) There were no statistically significant differences in ejection fraction, peak creatine kinase level, left ventricualr and diastolic pressure among the groups. 2) Regional wall motion of infarct related area of G2+3 group(adequate collateral) were better than that of G0(no collateral) group(p<0.05). Therefore, adequate coronary collateral circulation in acute myocardial infarction is thought to have beneficial effect on left ventricular function especially in regional wall motion of infarct related area.
Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Collateral Circulation* ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Creatine ; Creatine Kinase ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Ventricular Function, Left*

Isometric tension recording was performed in the transverse strips of porcine coronary arteries and rabbit aorta to observe the effects of the endothelium and endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) on vasomotor tone and to test the hypothesis that alcohol may have the deleterious effect on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Tension-development by vasoconstrictor was markedly attenuated in the endothelium-intact strips compared to the endothelium denuded strips. Administration of hemoglobin(10-5M) to inhibit the action of EDRF increased tension selectively in the endothelium-infarct strips, which is suggestive of basal EDRF secretion. Nitro L-arginine(10-5M). an analogue of L-arginine(10-4M) partially reversed the inhibitory effect of nitro L-arginine. Ethyl alchol inhibited bradykinin-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of porcine coronary artery in dose dependent manner. These data suggest that the protective effect of vascular endothelium to the action of vasoconstirctor can be explained by exercise of basal EDRF release and damaged endothelium would be a great risk of induction of vasospasm. Also we believe that there is a relationship of competive inhibition between L-arginine. a precursor of EDRF, and its analogues on the action of EDRF and alcohol intake would be hazardous to the patients with coronary artey disease because its inhibitory action on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation may evoke myocardial ischemia.
Aorta ; Arginine ; Coronary Vasospasm ; Coronary Vessels* ; Endothelium* ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Ethanol* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Spasm* ; Vasodilation

OBJECTIVES: Many studies have explored the relationship between short-term weather and its health effects (including pneumonia) based on mortality, although both morbidity and mortality pose a substantial burden. In this study, the authors aimed to describe the influence of meteorological factors on the number of emergency room (ER) visits due to pneumonia in Seoul, Korea. METHODS: Daily records of ER visits for pneumonia over a 6-year period (2009-2014) were collected from the National Emergency Department Information System. Corresponding meteorological data were obtained from the National Climate Data Service System. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the effects. The percent change in the relative risk of certain meteorological variables, including pneumonia temperature (defined as the change in average temperature from one day to the next), were estimated for specific age groups. RESULTS: A total of 217 776 ER visits for pneumonia were identified. The additional risk associated with a 1°C increase in pneumonia temperature above the threshold of 6°C was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 2.61). Average temperature and diurnal temperature range, representing within-day temperature variance, showed protective effects of 0.07 (95% CI, 0.92 to 0.93) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), respectively. However, in the elderly (65+ years), the effect of pneumonia temperature was inconclusive, and the directionality of the effects of average temperature and diurnal temperature range differed. CONCLUSIONS The term ‘pneumonia temperature’ is valid. Pneumonia temperature was associated with an increased risk of ER visits for pneumonia, while warm average temperatures and large diurnal temperature ranges showed protective effects.