In the past two decades, the incidence of rubella infection has decreased due to a nation-wide rubella vaccination program. Therefore the rate of rubella Ig G antibody has decreased. This means an increasing vulnerability to rubella infection among the group, with negative Ig G antibodies. The study was conducted in January of 1992 to April of 1996. The subjects were 1,010 fertile women(ages 20/45 years). The study was performed at Park Women`s Clinic to investigate the status of rubella antibody in Korean fertile women. The results were as follows. 1. The positive rate of rubella Ig G and Ig M antibody were 80.5% and 1.5%, respectively. 2. The mean age of positive rubella Ig G group was 28.5+/-3.6 years. The positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was decreased by an increase in age with a significant level at p < 0.05. 3. The positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was 63.3% in 1992, 71.3% in 1993, 87.5% in 1994, 81.1% in 1995 and 83.8% in 1996. The increase in the positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody by year for 5 years was statistically significant at p < 0.05. 4. The positive rubella Ig M antibody was noted in 15 women. Among them, one woman was tested in 1993, 5 women in 1995 and 9 women in 1996. The incidence of rubella infection had increased by years, and was statistically significant at p < 0.05. 5. The mean titer of rubella Ig G antibody was 47.18+/-50.04 IU/ml. The titer of rubella Ig G antibody was decreased by the increased in at age(p < 0.05). We observed a low positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody as compaired with other studies that were performed before 1990. Therefore, to prevent sporadic rubella infections, rubella vaccinations should be given to unmarried women.
Antibodies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rubella* ; Single Person ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in initial therapy for preterm labor with those of intravenous ritodrine hydrochloride and the effects of tocolytics in uteroplacental circulation, as assessed by uterine artery doppler velocimetry. METHODS: Patients between 24 and 34 weeks gestation with documented preterm labor were randomly assigned to receive transdermal GTN (n=24) or intravenous ritodrine (n=35) as initial tocolytic therapy. Patients in the GTN group were administered 0.2 mg/h released transdermal patch on the pregnant women's abdomen directly. Patient in the ritodrine group were treated 0.025 mg/min as initial dose. The dose increased at 15 minute intervals until uterine contractions were inhibited or side effects become intolerable. The maximum recommended dose was 0.20 mg/min. The main outcome examined were failure of tocolysis, time to uterine quiescence, time gained in utero, and frequency of adverse effects. We obtained both right and left uterine artery doppler velocity waveform before and after tocolytics therapy. The mean values of the right and left uterine artery systolic and diastolic ratio were calculated and used for analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in maternal demographic between the groups. Successful tocolysis was observed in 79.2% in the GTN group, and 85.7% in the ritodrine group (p=0.726). Time to uterine stop contraction was 5.5 +/- 5.3 hr in ritodrine group and 1.1 +/- 0.3 hr in GTN group. There were no different in time to gain in uterus between the two groups. The patient in the ritodrine group had more adverse side effects, mainly maternal tachycardia (p=0.002), chest pain and tremor (p=0.035). There was no significant difference in uterine S/D ratios between the pretherapy and posttherapy GTN group. However, we found statistically significant difference between the pretherapy and 24 hr-posttherapy in ritodrine group. CONCLUSION: Transdermal GTN was effective, safe, and well tolerable tocolytic agent. Patients who received ritodrine hydrochloride were more likely to have adverse effects. We also conclude that GTN do not affect uteroplacental circulations as measured by S/D ratios but ritodrine does. This results suggest that progressively increasing dose of ritodrin and GTN maybe associated with a statistically significant decrease S/D ratios. However, further investigations needs to be performed.
Abdomen ; Chest Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Placental Circulation ; Pregnancy ; Rheology ; Ritodrine* ; Tachycardia ; Tocolysis* ; Tocolytic Agents* ; Transdermal Patch ; Tremor ; Uterine Artery ; Uterine Contraction ; Uterus

One of the common serious consequences of trauma to the temporal bone is facial nerve paralysis. Several attempts have been made to evaluate the relationship between the radiological findings and traumatic facial paralysis. These works have demonstrated the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomogrphy in assessment of facial nerve pathway. The authors tried to clarify the significant factors contributing to the facial nerve paralysis due to temporal petrous fractures clinically and radiologically including the high resolution CT findings. Fifty eight patients with 66 petrous fractures were reviewed in this context. Various clinical factors including hearing disturbance, CSF otorrhea demonstrating the objective traumatic evidences were reviewed. Plain X-ray findings and CT findings were reviewed as radiologic evidences. The radiologic factors were fracture evidence and wide fracture gap(more than 1mm) in plain film. Among CT findings, evidence for blood in middle ear, blood in mastoid air cells, ossicular disruption, fracture line compromising the facial nerve pathway from internal acoustic canal to mastoid portion and multiplicity of fracture lines were reviewed. These factors were analyzed statistically. In this study, it was found that traumatic bony involvement in facial nerve pathway did not necessarily mean facial paralysis. The most relavent factor contributing to the traumatic facial paralysis was multiple petrous fractures.
Acoustics ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis* ; Hearing ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Paralysis ; Temporal Bone

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ear, Middle* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Povidone-Iodine*

Gottron's acrogeria syndrome is a rare genetic disease of unknown etiology with some features suggestive of accelerated aging. The typical clinical presentation consists of premature aging of the skin with atrophy of the cutis and the subcutis. After a brief review of the literature available on this syndrome, we report a case of Gottron s acrogeria syndrome in a 19 year-old man whose right rectus femoris muscle had a fibrotic contracture.
Aging ; Aging, Premature ; Atrophy ; Contracture ; Humans ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Skin ; Young Adult

Diastasis of the ankle joint was associated with extensive ligamentous rupture and resulted from external rotation or abduction injuries at the ankle. It might occur without associated fracture but was more frequently seen in cases of bimalleolar fracture in which there was fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament with fracture of the lower third of the fibula. Thirty patients of diastasis of the ankle joint were admitted and treated by internal fixation with screw and bolt from January 1978 to December 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. The main cause of the injuries was falling from a height and the other causes were slipping down and sports injury in order. 2. The most common type by Lauge-Hansen classification was supination-external rotation type (20 cases, 67%). 3. Partial diastasis of the ankle joint or anterior type was 14 cases (47%) and complete diastasis or total type was 16 cases (53%). 4. In all cases, mixed oblique fibular fracture and medial instability were seen. 5. The good results were achieved in 24 patients (80%).
Accidental Falls ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Rupture

Ultrasound (US) is often used to guide various interventional procedures in the genitourinary (GU) tract because it can provide real-time imaging without any radiation hazard. Moreover, US can clearly visualize the pathway of an aspiration or biopsy needle to ensure the safety of the intervention. US guidance also helps clinicians to access lesions via the transabdominal, transhepatic, transvaginal, transrectal, and transperineal routes. Hence, US-guided procedures are useful for radiologists who wish to perform GU interventions. However, US-guided procedures and interventions are difficult for beginners because they involve a steep initial learning curve. The purpose of this review is to describe the basic principles and techniques of US-guided GU interventions.
Biopsy ; Learning Curve ; Needles ; Radiology, Interventional ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; Urogenital System

Image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been accepted as a minimally invasive treatment for adrenal tumors in patients who are unable to undergo adrenalectomy. Accordingly, this treatment has become more readily available for treating functioning or non-functioning adrenal masses. Thus, endocrinologists need a better understanding of percutaneous RFA of adrenal tumors. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe the basic mechanism of RFA, indications and contraindications, patient preparation prior to RFA, type of complications, how to avoid complications, RFA procedures, and treatment outcomes.

Urinary complications are uncommon after percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of small cell carcinoma. This minimally invasive treatment results in less urothelial damage than other thermal ablation techniques. However, urine leakage can occur from the cryoablation track on which the applicator is placed during the procedure. However, only a small number of studies have investigated the clinical outcomes of post-cryoablation urinary complications. Recently, we encountered a case of urine leakage following computed tomography-guided cryoablation. The purpose of this case report is to describe the causes, findings, and management of post-cryoablation urine leakage.

Focal enhancement typically suggests local tumor progression (LTP) after renal cell carcinoma is percutaneously ablated.However, evaluating findings that are false positive or negative of LTP is less familiar to radiologists who have little experience with renal ablation. Various imaging features are encountered during and after thermal ablation. Ablation procedures and previous follow-up imaging should be reviewed before determining if there is LTP. Previous studies have focused on detecting the presence or absence of focal enhancement within the ablation zone. Therefore, various diagnostic pitfalls can be experienced using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations. This review aimed to assess how to read images during or after ablation procedures, recognize imaging features of LTP and determine factors that influence LTP.