One of the major problems after pterygium removal are recurrence and complications of the adjunctive therapy. The author compared the recurrence rate, interval and age of the primary pterygium after surgical treatment and with(group 1:94 eyes) or without(group 2: 101 eyes) supple-mentary mitomycin-C therapy. All of whom had been treated by one surgeon using a pterygim and subconjunctival tissue removal and superior-inferor, sliding conjunctival flap to cover the pterygium defect, In group 1, supplementary mitomycin-C was topicall used. In group 1, three pterygia(3.2%) were recurred. Recurrence were more Likey after ealy polstperative wound disruption with flap retraction(2 of 3 recurrences), relativy uoung pationts(all recurrences are under 50), and recurrence occured at a mean interval of 3.8 months after surgery. In group 2, three pterygia(3.0%) were recurred. Recurrencd were monre likely after early postoperative wound disruption with flap retraction(all recurrences). young patients(all recurrences are under 45), and recurrence occured at a mean interval of 3.1 months after surgery. Between two group no significant difference in recurrence rate, age, and interval so pterygium surgical procedure, operator and early postoperative conjunctival flap state are more important factors than adjunctive therapy in recurrence.
Mitomycin ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence* ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Recurrence*

We present a case of extensive thrombosis in the jugular vein and sigmoid, transverse, superior sagittal sinuses with partial deep venous thrombosis. The patient had acute severe headache but had neither focal neurological deficit nor consciousness change. Emergency endovascular thrombolysis through transfemoral approach was performed with successful restoration of venous drainage. There was no hemorrhagic complication. Several days later, the patient had a focal seizure attack due to focal venous infarction despite of continuous systemic anticoagulation therapy.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Consciousness ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Headache ; Humans ; Infarction ; Jugular Veins ; Seizures ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial* ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: It has not been clear that the correlation between individual ictal scalp/sphenoidal EEG patterns and MRI findings or surgical outcome. So we investigated the correlation between the differences in individual ictal EEG patterns, MRI findings and surgical outcome. METHOD: Twenty nine temporal lobe epilepsy patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy in AMC since 1993 were evaluated. Ictal EEGs were classified as A(focal ictal onset) and B(lateralizing pattern) MRI findings were grouped as hippocampal atrophy (HA) with or without lateral temporal atrophy (LTA). RESULT: In group A(19), 7(37%) had HA with LTA on MRI and 12(63%) showed HA only. In group B(10), 8(80%) had HA with LTA and 2(20%) showed HA only. Among the 20 patients whose postoperative follow up period were more than 1 year, 11 cases(73%) of group A(IS) had seizure free outcome, whereas all (100%) of group B (5) had seizure free outcome. Eight (72.7%) out of 11 cases with HA only on MRI were seizure free outcome, whereas 8(89%) out of 9 cases with HA with LTA were seizure free after surgery. CONCLUSION: Focal ictal EEG pattern was more commonly noticed in HA only and lateralized Ictal EEG pattern was more commonly noticed in HA with LTA on MRI. Surgical outcome seems not to be directly correlated with the ictal EEG patterns or accompanied LTA on MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ; Atrophy ; Electroencephalography* ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe*

Myxoma, a rare primary tumor occurring in cardiac chamber, has been shown to cause various neurologic complications such as embolic infarction, neoplastic aneurysm and metastasis. Recently we experienced a patient with cardiac myxoma who presented with behavioral changes. Brain MRI showed lesions suggestive of metastasls and embolic infarctions. Aneurysm was also documented in cerebral angiogram. The case illustrates diverse spectrum of neurologic complications of cardiac myxoma.
Aneurysm ; Brain ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myxoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Septic pulmonary embolization is an uncommon condition in which the clot or fibrin matrix, contaminated with micro-organisms, lodge in the pulmonary arterial tree, leading to infarction, suppuration and other complications. The septic emboli reach the lung from a variety of sources, including acute suppurative pelvic thrombophlebitis, infective endocarditis involving tricuspid and pulmonary valve, osteomyelitis, suppurative lesions of the neck, infected venous catheters or pacemaker wires and sepsis. Early clinical detection, along with prompt administration of broad- spectrum antibiotics, is an important factor in the prognosis of patients, but the initial clinical diagnosis is often difficult because of nonspecific findings in clinical and laboratory data. Recently, the characteristic appearance of septic emboli by chest computed tomography (CT) has been described, and chest CT is an important modality for confirming the presence of septic pulmonary emboli. We experienced a case of septic pulmonary embolism in a 14-day-old neonate with cough, fever dyspnea. Initial conventional chest radiogaphs revealed bilateral infilterate, but chest CT revealed the presence of multiple peripheral nodules, cavitation of nodules and a distinct vessel leading to a pulmonary nodule which is referred to as a feeding vessel sign, which diagnosis suggests. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was cultured in the blood stream and clinical and radiologic improvement was achieved after adminstration of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Coagulase ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Endocarditis ; Fever ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infarction ; Lung ; Neck ; Osteomyelitis ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Pulmonary Valve ; Rivers ; Sepsis ; Staphylococcus ; Suppuration ; Thorax ; Thrombophlebitis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes, by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry.
Methods:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes (CCE) were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) proteins. To apply the topical agents, citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line. Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis.
Results: Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. The CCE inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-2, and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner. To test the applicability of CCE to human skin, we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL. Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin, narirutin, and hesperidin.
Conclusions:Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety, CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders.

PURPOSE: To evaluate factors related to the recurrence of TCC(transitional cell carcinoma) in the urinarybladder after transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TUR-BT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectivelyreviewed 54 patients in whom TCC(transitional cell carcinoma) after TUR-BT had been confirmed. Recurrence wasevaluated by US, CT, cystoscopy and urine smear during the follow-up period of 6 months. The multiplicity, shape,size, and calcification of TCC, as revealed by radiologic studies, were evaluated retrospectively before TUR-BT.After TUR-BT, the histologic grade and pathologic stage of TCC were evaluated. RESULTS: According to themultiplicity of TCC, the recurrence rate was 66.7% in the multiple type and 28.6% in the single type(p=0.039) ;according to shape, this rate was 61.5% in the sessile type and 29.3% in the pedunculated type(p=0.0505), andaccording to mass size, the rate was 41.7% in tumors more than 3cm in diameter and 35.7% in tumors less than3cm(p=0.706). In the presence of calcification, the recurrence rate was 40.0% and in its absence, this rate was36.7%(p=0.885). Pathologically, the higher the grade and stage of TCC, the higher the recurrence rate(respectivelyp=0.010 and 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Radiologically, multiple and/or sessile type TCC had a higher recurrence ratethan the single and/or pedunculated type. Pathologically, when the grade and stage of bladder tumor were higher,recurrence rates were higher.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between radiologic vascular dilatation and serum nitrite concentration and eNOS expression in the endothelial cell and pneumocyte in a rabbit model of hepatopulmonary syndrome induced by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section CT scans of the lung and pulmonary angiography were obtained 3 weeks after CBDL (n=6), or a sham operation (n=4), and intrapulmonary vasodilatation was assessed. The diameter and tortuosity of peripheral vessels in the right lower lobe by thin-section CT and angiography at the same level of the right lower lobe in all subjects were correlated to serum nitrite concentration and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) expression as determined by immunostaining. RESULTS: The diameters of pulmonary vessels on thin-section CT were well correlated with nitrite concentrations in serum (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). Dilated pulmonary vessels were significantly correlated with an increased eNOS expression (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001), and the severity of pulmonary vessel tortuosity was found to be well correlated with serum nitrite concentration (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The peripheral pulmonary vasculature in hepatopulmonary syndrome induced by CBLD was dilated on thin-section CT and on angiographs. Our findings suggest that peripheral pulmonary vascular dilatations are correlated with serum nitrite concentrations and pulmonary eNOS expression.
Angiography ; Animals ; Common Bile Duct/injuries ; Dilatation, Pathologic/radiography ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/etiology/*metabolism ; Ligation ; Lung/*blood supply/metabolism/*radiography ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/*metabolism ; Nitrites/*blood ; Pulmonary Artery/radiography ; Rabbits ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of serious and persistent mentally ill patients in Korea. METHODS: Study populations were recruited from medical insurance data of two district areas one rural and the other urban areas. Subjects were all mentally ill who had ever visited any hospital in 1993 and were diagnosed as having psychosis, personality disorder and drug abuse. We conducted a home visiting survey applying semi-structured diagnostic interview, assessing the level of social adjustment with Strauss-Carpenter Scale, and past psychiatric history by the trained researchers, in October and November, 1994. RESULTS: According to diagnostic assessment, schizophrenic patients constituted the major portion(61.1%) of study subjects. The distribution of occupational functions and social contacts was variable according to diagnosis. Most schizophrenic patients were unemployed or worked less than 6 months in the previous year(67.2%), and showed poor social contact(72.3%). But affective disorder patients were relatively independent in job maintenance and social relationship. Alcoholic patients lay between those of schizophrenic and affective disorder groups. It was estimated that about 87,000 adult Koreans were suffering from chronic mental disorders which seriously interfere with their daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Serious and persistent mentally ill patients were common in Korea. Community support program should be provided for them.
Adult ; Alcoholics ; Community Psychiatry ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; House Calls ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea* ; Mental Disorders ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Mood Disorders ; Personality Disorders ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Social Adjustment ; Substance-Related Disorders