The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is directed to arresting the progression of the disease, and regenerating the fibrous attachment. In order to achieve such treatment aim, the plaque and calculus must be eliminated and the physiological conditions of the root surface must be changed to facilitate the attachment and migration of the new fibroblasts, The method of changing the proper root surface conditions to promote the healing of periodontal tissue involves mechanical procedures, such as scaling and root planing, and chemical procedures such as tetracycline-HCl. However, the formation of a long junctional epithelium was most frequently observed type of healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine in vitro the influence of surface conditioning of dentin by TC-HCl on human gingival epithelial cell attachment. Human gingival epithelial cells were obtained from healthy retromolar pad area(under the age 23 years). Seventy two teeth extracted from severe periodontitis were used as study material. To evaluate the epithelial cell attachment to dentin, the prepared specimen was divided to four groups. For the control group, only scaling and root planing were carried out, and for the test group, 1 to 3, the concentration of the TC-HCl was 50, 125 and 250mg/ml, respectively. After cell cultivation time of 1-, 3-. 24 hour, for the indirect quantitative assessment of gingival epithelial cell attached to dentin sample, the absorbance of epithelial cell unattached to dentin was measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistically significant difference between scaling and root planing group and TC-HCl 50mg/ ml, 125mg/ml and 250mg/ml group about absorbance of unattached epithelial cell to dentin sample(p>0.5). 2. As time passes, the absorbance of unattached gingival epithelial cell to dentin sample was decreased statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference among the TC-HCl group(p>0.05) We concluded that there was similar effect on gingival epithelial cell attachment between TC-HCl conditioning on root surface and only scaling and root planing treatment
Calculi ; Dentin ; Epithelial Attachment ; Epithelial Cells* ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; Root Planing ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of measles from 2000 to 2001 was the biggest epidemic since measles vaccination was introduced in Korea. Outbreak of measles in Yeongju was one of the earliest milestones of the nationwide outbreak in the year 2000. The authors investigated epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak in this area. METHODS: The authors estimated attack rate through the investigation of all the school age cases of measles reported to local health authority between March and May, 2000. Case investigation was done to trace the source of the outbreak. One hundred seventy two cases were examined with medical examination, with interview on their clinical manifestations, and with serologic examination on the anti-measles IgM and IgG antibody. RESULTS: Overall attack rate among the school children was 4.3%, with highest attack rate in middle school students (8.5%). The outbreak began in March in middle schools, which spread to elementary and high schools. IgG was positive in 160(93.0%) cases and IgM was positive in 94(54.6%) cases, among which 90 cases (95.7%) were also positive for IgG. IgM positive cases had higher prevalence of rash (91.5%) compared to those without IgM (70.5%). Diagnostic criteria based on the clinical manifestation and contact history showed the highest sensitivity (92.6%) compared to conventional diagnostic criteria in outbreak (40.4-44.7%) CONCLUSIONS: High proportion of susceptible children in the population due to primary or secondary vaccine failure played a key role in this outbreak. Clinical manifestation was milder than classical measles and adjustment of diagnostic criteria can be helpful in the management of outbreak.
Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Exanthema ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Korea ; Measles* ; Prevalence ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: A 70-gene prognostic signature has prognostic value in patients with node-negative breast cancer in Europe. This diagnostic test known as "MammaPrint(TM) (70-gene prognostic signature)" was recently validated and implementation was feasible. Therefore, we assessed the 70-gene prognostic signature in Korean patients with breast cancer. We compared the risk predicted by the 70-gene prognostic signature with commonly used clinicopathological guidelines among Korean patients with breast cancer. We also analyzed the 70-gene prognostic signature and clinicopathological feature of the patients in comparison with a previous validation study. METHODS: Forty-eight eligible patients with breast cancer (clinical T1-2N0M0) were selected from four hospitals in Korea. Fresh tumor samples were analyzed with a customized microarray for the 70-gene prognostic signature. Concordance between the risk predicted by the 70-gene prognostic signature and risk predicted by commonly used clinicopathological guidelines (St. Gallen guidelines, National Institutes of Health [NIH] guideline, and Adjuvant! Online) was evaluated. RESULTS: Prognosis signatures were assessed in 36 patients. No significant differences were observed in the clinicopathological features of patients compared with previous studies. The 70-gene prognosis signature identified five (13.9%) patients with a low-risk prognosis signature and 31 (86.1%) patients with a high-risk prognosis signature. Clinical risk was concordant with the prognosis signature for 29 patients (80.6%) according to the St. Gallen guidelines; 30 patients (83.4%) according to the NIH guidelines; and 23 patients (63.8%) according to the Adjuvant! Online. Our results were different from previous validation studies in Europe with about a 40% low-risk prognosis and about a 60% high-risk prognosis. The high incidence in the high-risk group was consistent with data in Japan. CONCLUSION: The results of 70-gene prognostic signature of Korean patients with breast cancer were somewhat different from those identified in Europe. This difference should be studied as whether there is a gene disparity between Asians and Europeans. Further large-scale studies with a follow-up evaluation are required to assess whether the use of the 70-gene prognostic signature can predict the prognosis of Korean patients with breast cancer.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Europe ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Nation-wide measles outbreaks occurred from 2000 to 2001 in Korea. Since, mass vaccination campaign for measles eradication among children and adolescents was implemented in May-August of 2001. Even in a highly vaccinated community, measles cases occur among vaccinees and there might be different serological responses among unvaccinees. In addition, the primary and secondary vaccine failures are not rare in the mass-vaccination era. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of serologic method for diagnosis of measles among the vaccinees and to estimate the vaccine failure rate among students with relatively high vaccination rate during the measles outbreak in a primary school. METHODS: In March 2000, the measles outbreak occurred in a primary school in Youngduk county, Kyung-sang-buk Do. Questionnaires about clinical manifestations of measles and history of measles vaccination were given out to in 209 3rd and 5th grade students among whom many measles cases occurred. The paired sera, which were taken from all students during March and May 2000, were tested for IgM and IgG measles antibody by using Enzygnost Anti-Measles IgG and IgM (Dade Behring, Germany). RESULTS: The questionnaires and serum samples were obtained from 145(69.4%) out of 209 cases. The immunization rate of measles vaccine was 80.7% (117/145). During the measles outbreak, 25 (17.2%) out of 145 cases with previous history of measles vaccination were diagnosed as measles, based on clinical definition. Among 17 cases (17/25, 68.0%) with paired samples out of 25 measles cases, 4 cases (4/17, 23.5%) were diagnosed by seroconversion of IgG, but negative IgM antibody, and they all had received measles vaccination previously. Among 117 cases with previous history of measles vaccination, 47 (40.2%) cases without measles symptoms showed four-fold increment of IgG titer. The primary and secondary failure rates of measles vaccine were 6.0% (7/117) and 1.7% (2/117), respectively. CONCLUSION: Among symptomatic measles cases with previous history of measles vaccination, 23.5% were diagnosed only by seroconversion of IgG measles antibody. In a highly vaccinated country, the accuracy of measles serodiagnosis can be increased with the IgG test of convalescent serum sample in addition to IgM antibody test. Among vaccinees, secondary immune response was 40.2%, suggesting that non-specific measles symptoms might occur among them. Therefore, further studies on the clinical definition of measles cases, vaccine failure rate and protective antibody titers should be continued in order to effectively conduct measles eradication campaign.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Korea ; Mass Vaccination ; Measles Vaccine ; Measles* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Serologic Tests ; Vaccination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Nation-wide measles outbreaks occurred from 2000 to 2001 in Korea. Since, mass vaccination campaign for measles eradication among children and adolescents was implemented in May-August of 2001. Even in a highly vaccinated community, measles cases occur among vaccinees and there might be different serological responses among unvaccinees. In addition, the primary and secondary vaccine failures are not rare in the mass-vaccination era. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of serologic method for diagnosis of measles among the vaccinees and to estimate the vaccine failure rate among students with relatively high vaccination rate during the measles outbreak in a primary school. METHODS: In March 2000, the measles outbreak occurred in a primary school in Youngduk county, Kyung-sang-buk Do. Questionnaires about clinical manifestations of measles and history of measles vaccination were given out to in 209 3rd and 5th grade students among whom many measles cases occurred. The paired sera, which were taken from all students during March and May 2000, were tested for IgM and IgG measles antibody by using Enzygnost Anti-Measles IgG and IgM (Dade Behring, Germany). RESULTS: The questionnaires and serum samples were obtained from 145(69.4%) out of 209 cases. The immunization rate of measles vaccine was 80.7% (117/145). During the measles outbreak, 25 (17.2%) out of 145 cases with previous history of measles vaccination were diagnosed as measles, based on clinical definition. Among 17 cases (17/25, 68.0%) with paired samples out of 25 measles cases, 4 cases (4/17, 23.5%) were diagnosed by seroconversion of IgG, but negative IgM antibody, and they all had received measles vaccination previously. Among 117 cases with previous history of measles vaccination, 47 (40.2%) cases without measles symptoms showed four-fold increment of IgG titer. The primary and secondary failure rates of measles vaccine were 6.0% (7/117) and 1.7% (2/117), respectively. CONCLUSION: Among symptomatic measles cases with previous history of measles vaccination, 23.5% were diagnosed only by seroconversion of IgG measles antibody. In a highly vaccinated country, the accuracy of measles serodiagnosis can be increased with the IgG test of convalescent serum sample in addition to IgM antibody test. Among vaccinees, secondary immune response was 40.2%, suggesting that non-specific measles symptoms might occur among them. Therefore, further studies on the clinical definition of measles cases, vaccine failure rate and protective antibody titers should be continued in order to effectively conduct measles eradication campaign.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Korea ; Mass Vaccination ; Measles Vaccine ; Measles* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Serologic Tests ; Vaccination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Although massive use of live attenuated mumps virus vaccines successfully reduced the incidence of mumps virus infection worldwide, mumps outbreaks have not been completely eliminated, even in vaccinated populations. In recent years, the incidence of mumps has been remarkably increased in Korea. This study was designed to evaluate the recent seroprevalence rate of mumps IgG among children in Kyonggi province at 1996 and 1999. METHODS: Study population included students from 8 elementary schools in Kyonggi province. Serum samples were collected twice at 1996 and 1999 and tested for mumps-specific antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also conducted a questionnaire survey on the parents and collected the records including history of vaccination and mumps infection. RESULTS: The seropositive rates against mumps were 89.47% and 89.74% at 1996 and 1999, respectively, and they were not significantly different when compared to age, sex, and region. Although the first vaccination rates were 92.17% and 92.25% at 1996 and 1999, respectively, the second vaccination rates were only 37.89% and 38.03% at 1996 and 1999, respectively. Infection rate showed no significant difference between vaccinated groups and nonvaccinated groups. Seropositive rate of infected group was higher than that of noninfected group but it was not significantly different between the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the seropositive rate and vaccination against mumps in children. There were no significant relationships between vaccination and infection. Therefore, it seems likely that the vaccination is not fully protective against mumps infection. This study will be helpful for the establishment of guideline for prevention and treatment of mumps in Korea.
Child* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mumps virus ; Mumps* ; Parents ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic angiosarcoma, a rare and aggressive liver malignancy, is difficult to diagnose because of a lack of specific clinical features. The clinical and radiological features of patients with histologically confirmed hepatic angiosarcoma were examined. METHODS: Among 2,336 patients diagnosed with primary hepatic carcinoma at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center (Daegu, Korea) between May 2002 and February 2012, eight (0.03%) with histologically confirmed primary hepatic angiosarcoma were included. The patterns of disease diagnosis, tumor characteristics, treatment responses, and prognoses were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Median age was 66 years-old (range, 41-80 years). Four patients were male. Five patients were compulsive drinkers. All patients had no HBsAg and anti-HCV. Initial radiologic diagnoses revealed primary hepatic angiosarcoma (n=2), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=2), hemangioma (n=2), and hepatic metastatic carcinoma (n=2). Definitive diagnoses were made by percutaneous needle biopsies in seven patients and surgical resection in one patient. At the time of the initial diagnosis, extrahepatic metastases were detected in three patients (37.5%). Metastatic sites included the spleen and lung, pericardium, and bone, in one patient each. Two patients underwent conservative treatments. The remaining patients underwent surgical resection (n=1), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (n=1), and systemic chemotherapy (n=4). The median survival period was 214 days (range, 21-431 days). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic angiosarcoma is a highly progressive disease with a poor prognosis. Detailed studies including histological examinations are essential to facilitate early diagnosis of the disease.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroid Nodule*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroid Nodule*