No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Ovary* ; Rats* ; Serine Proteases* ; Serine*

We analyze ninty-seven cases of Colles fractures treated with closed reduction and sugar tong splint immobilization and followed for more than 1 year at Seoul National University from January 1981 to Decmber 1985. The results of this study were as follows; l. All of 97 cases were closed fractures and the incidence was high in females who aged over 6th decades. The main cause of this injury was slipping down accident comprising of 68.0%. 2. 63 cases (64.9%) were simple extra-articular fractures, and 34 cases (35.1%) were comminuted intra-articular fractures. 3. In a group of simple extra-articular fracture the functional end result was satisfactory in 88.9%, so closed reduction and sugar tong splint were thought to be a good procedure in this group. 4. In a group of comminuted intra-articular fracture the functional end result was satisfactory in 58.9% only. In the cases which show unacceptable loss of position during first two weeks of routine sugar tong splint immobilization we feel another technique is indicated, such as.pin and plaster immobilization or percutaneous pinning. 5. The main cause of unsatisfactory result was malunion, which was produced by loss of reduction position.
Clinical Study ; Colles' Fracture ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Seoul ; Splints

OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study was to evaluate plasmin system in placenta fiom women with normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. METHODS: The levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA), tissue-type plasrninogen activator(tPA), uPA receptor(uPAR) and plasminogen activatar inhibitor-1(PAI-1) mRNAs were measured by Northern blotting in placenta hom sixteen women with normal (n""8) and preeclamptic (n""8) pregnancy. The levels of tPA protein and PAI-1 protein were also measured by Westerrn blotting. RESULTS: Densitometric measurements revealed no difference in the levels of uPA mRNA, uPAR mRNA, tPA protein and PAI-1 protein in placentas fiom normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. There was, however, a significant decrease in the level of 3.2 kb PAI-I mRNA in placentas from preeclamptic women compared to normal pregnant women. CONCLUSION: To the contrary of our expectation, 3.2 kb PAI-1 mRNA level was significantly lower in placenta from women with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. This seems to reflect differential accumulation of PAI-1 mRNAs due to environmental intluences or decreased differentiation potential of villous trophoblasts to invasive trophoblasts in placenta from preeclamptic women compared to normal pregnant women. The mechanism that regulates plasmin system in human placenta needs further investigations.
Blotting, Northern ; Female ; Fibrinolysin* ; Humans ; Placenta* ; Plasminogen ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Plasminogen Activators ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; RNA, Messenger ; Trophoblasts

Among 334 thoracolumbar spinal injury patients who were admitted to this hospital from June 1972 to June, 1982, 66 patients with fracture and fracture dislocation of thoraco-lumbar spine which were defined as unstable clinically and radiologically were treated with surgical measures. The ratio between male and female was 7.3:1, the majority was found in third and fourth decade (46 cases, 69%), and the most common cause of injury was falling from a height (38 cases, 58%). The most common site of the injury was lumbar spine (29 cases, 44%) and the most common mechanism of injury was flexion-rotation (29 cases, 44%). Our surgical measures were Harrington rod instrumentation with either anterior or posterior fusion (25 cases, 38%), posterior wiring and fusion (14 cases, 21%), anterior decompression and anterior fusion (14 cases, 21%), posterior fusion (4 cases, 6%), anterior fusion and posterior fusion (3 cases, 5%) and etc. The average correction of displacement was 65% and the average correction of kyphotic deformity was 50%. The most remarkable correction was found at the cases of Harrington rod instrumentation (71%, 74%). Neurological deficit had already developed in 43 cases(65%) prior to operation, and the recovery was observed in 18 cases(42%). Most excellent recovery of neural deficit was found also at the cases of Harrington rod instrumentation (11 cases, 52%). We have analysed the results of these treatment and obtained following conclusions. 1. For the unstable fracture and fracture-dislocation of thoraco-lumbar spine with or without neural involvement, immediate surgical treatments were valuable to expect restoration of anatomical reduction and promotion of every possible recovery of neural function with spinal stability and fewest complication. 2. Fixation with Harrington rod instrumentation appears to provide better reduction and stability with neural improvement than other methods, and therefore early undertaking of rehabilitation activities is possible. 3. For the patients who are seriously compromised or require anterior decompression, immediate posterior reduction and fixation with Harrington rod instrumentation followed anterior decompression and anterior fusion of the involved segments at the eariest feasible time, we feel, is the treatment of choice.
Accidental Falls ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Dislocations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortuary Practice ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine

There was increasing tendency to stabilize unstable cervical spine injuries surgically with the benefit of good stability of the spine, easy nursing care, early mobilization and therefore early rehabilitation. A clinical study was performed on 47 patients with fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine treated at the department of orthopedic surgery, Inje Medical College, Paik Hospital from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1981. Following is the summery of the our findings. 1. The prevalent age distribution was between 3rd and 6th decade and the ratio between males and females was 10:1. The most common cause of injuries was automobile accident (70%). 2. The most common site of the injuries was C5-6 (34%) and the most frequent mechanism of injury was flexion-rotation type (47%). 3. In overall patients, neurologic damage was found at first examination in 73% and among these, complete paralysis below the injured level in 26%, incomplete paralysis in 11% and nerve root injury in 35%. 4. Among 47 patients, conervative treatment was performed on 9 patients, anterior spinal fusion on 8 patients, anterior spinal fusion with Halo application on 4 patients, posterior wiring with posterior spinal fusion on 16 patients and posterior wiring with anterior spinal fusion on 8 patients. 5. In the several methods of treatment, the posterior wiring with anterior spinal fusion revealed the best results, the correction rate of displacement was 92%, the correction rate of angular deformity 98% and neural recovery rate 72%. 6. The posterior wiring with posterior spinal fusion revealed good results in correction of displacement and angular deformity but required rigid external support for a long time. The anterior spinal fusion revealed poor results in correction of displacement(67%) and angular deformity(38%) and required rigid external support for a long time and had increasing tendency of kyphotic angle after operation. 7. In the treatment of unstable cervical spine injury, we thoughy that early posterior reduction with posterior wiring and followed anterior spinal fusion was ideal for accurate reduction, rigid stability and early mobilization with simple external support.
Age Distribution ; Automobiles ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Care ; Orthopedics ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changing pattern of serum leptin level and the correlation between estradiol level during the clomiphene citrate challenge test(CCCT) or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) cycle. METHODS: Twenty-seven women who underwent CCCT and fourteen women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were recruited to measure the serum leptin level. After correction of serum concentration with body mass index(BMI), changes of leptin level and correlation with serum estradiol level during CCCT and COH cycle were analyzed. RESULTS: Circulating leptin levels were significantly correlated with BMI at each time point in CCCT cycle(P<0.01). In CCCT cycle, leptin/BMI level was significantly increased at midluteal phase compared to that of menstrual cycle day 3 and 10(p<0.05). In women with regular menstruation, leptin/BMI level at midluteal phase was significantly higher than that of menstrual day 3 and 10, but this difference was not seen in women with irregular menstruation. The leptin/BMI level in COH cycle showed increasing tendency throughout ovarian stimulation. But there was no significant correlation between leptin/BMI and estradiol level in CCCT and COH cycle. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between BMI and circulating leptin level. Midluteal leptin level is significantly higher than that of follicular phase in CCCT cycle, and there is an increasing tendency in leptin level after ovarian stimulation in CCCT and COH cycle without statistical significance. These findings suggest that circulating estradiol concentration has no major influence on circulating leptin level.
Clomiphene* ; Estradiol ; Female ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Ovulation Induction

The incidence of pancreatic trauma is increasing and still remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. We have graded the pancreatic trauma on CT according to its pattern into four grades. We also determine the accuracy of CT in the evaluation of pancreatic trauma and the role of CT for delineation of pancretic ductal injury which is critical factor in outcome of pancreatic trauma. CT correctly diagnosed the pancreatic trauma and its traumatic pattern and severity in 22 of 25 cases. Pancreatic enlargement was the most common findings observed in 19 cases. Other findings were 15 cases of intrapancreatic low density hematoma, 12 cases of parenchymal fracture which were predilected in pancreatic neck area. CT grade III and IV could predict the pancreatic ductal injury, and was well correlated with severity of posttraumatic pancreatitis, duration of admission days and incidence of complications. So we concluded that CT can play a definite role for diagnosing and determining the prognosis of pancreatic trauma.
Diagnosis* ; Hematoma ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Neck ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis ; Prognosis

Forty five patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis were studied with the use of ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). Thirty seven cases were cased by tumor extension and the primary neoplasms were hepatocellular Ca. (26cases), renal cell Ca. (6 cases), Wilms' tumor (1 case), IVC leiomyosarcoma (1 case) and retroperitoneal metastatic tumor (3 cases). Non-tumor thrombus were 8 cases which included 5 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome and 3 cases of thrombophlebitis. US and CT both were good for the diagnosis of IVC thrombosis. Cranial extension was better demonstrated by US whereas CT yielded better delineation of the lower extension. Even though, differentiation of tumor non-tumor thrombi by the echogenecity and density of the thrombus was not possible, the finkdings of adjacent tumor mass, complete obstructive thrombus within dilated lumen with bulging wall, and nontapered acute margin of thrombus made the possibility of tumor thrombus more likely.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Thrombophlebitis ; Thrombosis* ; Ultrasonography ; Vena Cava, Inferior* ; Wilms Tumor

PURPOSE: The purpose.of this study was to characterize the enhancing patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on two-phase dynamic incremental liver scan with spiral CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-phase dynamic incremental liver scan using spiral CT was performed on 230 lesions in 107 patients with HCC. CT scanning was performed with a table speed of 13mm/sec and a section thickness of 10 mm;120 mL of contrast medium was injected intravenously with a automatic injector at the rate of 3mL/sec. CT scans were started 35 sec(early phase) and 3 min(delayed phase) after beginning injection of contrast medium. The tumors were divided into 2 groups according to size(< or = 3cm and > 3cm), the contrast enhancement patterns of HCCs and capsules in the early and delayed phases were analyzed in each group. RESULTS: Most of HCCs appeared as high-attenuating lesions in the early phase(75% in tumors smaller than 3cm and 61% in tumors larger than 3cm), and as low-attenuating lesions in the delayed phase(68% in tumors smaller than 3cm and 90% in tumors larger than 3cm). Forty-eight percent of HCCs smaller than 3cm and 58% of HCCs larger than 3cm were high-attenuating in the early phase and low-attenuating in the delayed phase. Thirty-two percent of capsules were low- or iso-attenuating in the early phase and high-attenuating in the delayed phase. Capsules were demonstrated in 22% in HCCs smaller than 3cm and 67% in HCCs larger than 3 cm(p <. 01). CONCLUSION: Two-phase dynamic scan with spiral CT is useful in the diagnosis of HCC because of a precise display of hemodynamic characteristics of HCCs.
Capsules ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed