No abstract available.
Brain Abscess* ; Brain*

No abstract available.
Brain Abscess* ; Brain*

The thyroid gland is highly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation. The development of benign thyroid nodules, thyroid carcinoma and thyroid dysfunction following radiotherapy during childhood has been documented. Recently we experienced two cases of thyroid tumor after irradiation. One is a 14-year-old boy with thyroid follicular carcinoma who had received mantle irradiation(3,000cGy) eight years previously for Hodgkin' disease. The other is a 15-year- old boy with thyroid follicular adenoma who had received craniospinal irradiation (3,600cGy) seven years previously for CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We recommend frequent sonographic evaluation and early suppression of thyroid stimulation in an attempt to arrest the development of neoplastic changes in long term survivors of childhood malignancies who received radiation therapy.
Adenoma ; Adolescent ; Craniospinal Irradiation ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Survivors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE:Differential diagnosis of sexual precocity has been aided by new imaging techniques and endocrine evaluation. Sexual precocity, defined as the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys, was studied to evaluate the sex incidence and etiology of sexual precocity. METHODS:A total 95 children(87 girls and 8 boys) who were diagnosed with sexual precocity at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from 1984 to 1996, were studied. All underwent standard anthropometric measures. They were assinged to diagnostic categories on the basis of clinical assessment, endocrine evaluation, radiologic imaging, and pelvic ultrasonography. RESULTS: 1) The most common cause of sexual precocity was premature thelarche, 50 cases(52.6%) of all children. 2) Central precocious puberty was noted in 7 girls and 3 boys(female to male ratio 2.3:1). The causes were not identified in 6 cases(85.7%) in girls, but the causes were not found in 1 cases(33.3%) in boys. The idiopathic central precocious puberty occurs at least two fold more frequently in girls than in boys. 3) Incomplete precocious puberty was noted in 29 girls and 5 boys(female to male ratio 5.8:1). In the causes of 29 girls with incomplete precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia were found in 23 cases, autonomous functional ovarian cyst in 5 cases and McCune-Albright syndrome in 1 case. In the causes of 5 boys with incomplete precocious puberty, virilizing adrenal cortical tumor were found in 3 cases, congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 1 case, and hepatoblastoma in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Sexual precocity occurs at least ten fold more frequently in girls than in boys. Premature thelarche is the most common form of sexual precocity.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; Hepatoblastoma ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Male ; Ovarian Cysts ; Puberty, Precocious ; Ultrasonography

The femur is the largest long bone in the body which is related to weight bearing. As a result of rapid increase in traffic accidents and industrial injuries, the incidence of femoral shaft fractures has risen also. The methods of treatment in children and adults are different, therefore inadequate treatment can cause permanent disability. The authors have reviewed 211 cases of femoral shaft fractures in 204 persons (children and adults) from September 1967 to September 1976 whe were admitted and treated in Orthopedic Department, Severance Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The fractures occured commonly in the 6–10 yr. age group (41.2%) in children and in the 21–40 yr. group (54.2%) in adults. Males comprised 138 cases (67.6%). 2. Closed fractures were 185 cases (87.7%) and comminuted fractures were the most common type, 94 cases (44.5%) in all. The fracture site was middle third in 116 cases (55%). 3. Causes were mainly car accidents, 146 cases (71.5%) and industrial injuries. Pedestrian injuries are particularly common in Korea. Many industrial accidents occur due to inadequate working facilities in factories. 4. Associated injuries were common in young adults and in order of frequency these were fractures of the tibia and fibula; skulls; pubic bone. 5. In the early and delayed operation groups, primary bony union rate was better (92%) in the early than the late operation group (78.3%). 6 The period of bony union was 13 weeks with compression plate and screw fixation: 16 weeks with Kuntscher nailing; 17. 5 weeks with plate and screw fixation; and 20 weeks with skeletal traction in adults. 7. Knee joint motion was most limited with skeletal traction (33.5%), less with plate and screw fixation (14.7%) and Kuntscher nailing (1.7%), but none with compression plate and screw fixation. 8. Good results were obtained with conservative treatment in children and operative treatment in adults. 9. Complications were much less frequent in children than in adults and were treated well. 10. Post-operative infection rate was 4.4% and infection was treated well with conservative measures. 11. The 90° – 90° skeletal traction in children and compression plate and screw fixation along with cast brace in adults were recommended.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Braces ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Fibula ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Joint ; Korea ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Pubic Bone ; Skull ; Tibia ; Traction ; Weight-Bearing ; Young Adult

Intraspinal tumors in children are of especially interest to orthopaedic surgeons for two reasons; First, musculoskeletal abnormalities, are often treated for long periods before the correct diagnosls is suspected; Second, important orthopaedic problems are encountered in almost everychild treated for intraspinal tumor, not only during the immediate postoperative management but all through subsequent growth. We report a case presentation of the intraspinai tumor, dermoid cyst, successfully treated with operation.
Child ; Dermoid Cyst ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities ; Surgeons

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Ataxia* ; Brain Stem Neoplasms* ; Mesencephalon*

No abstract available.
Goiter*

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*