One hundred and twenty male rabbits were divided into 8 groups in order to studythe effect of castration and sex hormone administration on water and electrolytesdistribution in kidney, small intestine and lung tissue as follows:Group 1: control (non castrated)Group 2: estrogen injectedGroup 3: androgen injectedGroup 4: progesterone injectedGroup 5: castration control (castrated)Group 6: estrogen injected and castrationGroup 7: androgen injected and castrationGroup 8: progesterone injected and castrationFourteen days after castration, each rabbit in groups 6, 7 and 8 was administeredwith 2,000 units of estrogen, 400 units of androgen and 400 units of progesteronddaily for 3 days consecutively. Three days after the final injection, they weresacrificed by means of cardiac puncture. Immediately after sacrificing the animals, kidney, lung and small intestine were removed to determine the contentsof tissue water. Na, K and Cl. Water content was determined by drying method in 1O0 degrees C oven until the weight remained constant. Na and K in serum and tissue wereanalyzed with Baird flame photometer using lithium nitrate as internal standard.Serum Cl was analyzed by the method of Schales and Schales and tissue Cl by theVan Slyke's. The conclusion is as follows: 1) In control rabbits (non castrated), serum concentration of Na and K was decreased while Cl concentration was increased after administration of estrogen, androgen and progesterone. 2) In castrated rabbits, serum concentration of Na was increased, while K was decreased. Na and K were decreased, while Cl was increased by the administration of sex hormone after castration. 3) In kidney tissue of non castrated rabbits, water content was slightly increased by the administration of sex hormone. The changes in concentration of Na, K, Cl. extracellular space and total Na + K were not significant, while K was increased remarkably in the progesterone group. Also the total Na + K [cell water (Na)] was remarkably increased as high as 47%. 4) In kidney tissue of castrated rabbits, water content and Na were increased, whereas K and Cl were decreased. The administration of sexhormone acted inclusively on the restoration of these levels to the precastration state. The androgen injection provided the most effective result. 5) In lung tissue of non castrated rabbits, Na and K were decreased by the administration of sex hormone. In the androgen group, a decrease of Na and K was most remarkable, Cl in the progesterone group, and Na space and total Na+K in the androgen group were decreased remarkably. 6) In lung tissue of castrated rabbits, water content was increased, and Na, K and Cl were all decreased. The administration of sex hormone acted inclusively on the restoration of these levels to the precastration state. In general, the androgen was most effective among hormones given. 7) In small intestine tissue of non castrated rabbits, Na, K and Cl were increased and also the extracellular space and total Na+K were inclusively increased. 8) In small intestine tissue of castrated rabbits, water content and K were increased while Na was decreased. The administration of sex hormone acted on the restoration to the precastration state in the water content and Na. The androgen was most effective among hormones given.
Animals ; Castration* ; Estrogens ; Extracellular Space ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines* ; Kidney* ; Lithium ; Lung* ; Male* ; Progesterone ; Punctures ; Rabbits ; Smell*

To use basic data for health planning and evaluation of Kangwha community health project of Yonsei University, a study on death rates and causes of death were investigated in two townships (Naega and Sunwon Myuns) in Kangwha County from April 1, 1975 to March 31, 1977). All death was identified and reported by family health workers who are living in each village and 2 trained public health nurses confirmed the death. The causes of death were investigated by 2 public physicians. Total number of deaths for 2 years was 230 and the followings are brief summary of the study. 1. Age-adjusted crude death rates of study area were 8.69 per 1,000 population in 1975 and 7.18 per 1,000 population in 1976. Age-adjusted crude death rates for male were 9.18 in 1975 and 6.38 in 1976 and for female were 8.33 and 7.80 per 1,000 population. 2. Age specific death rate curves by year and sex showed "U" shapes. 3. Infant and neonatal death rates were 30.08 and 22.56 per 1,000 live births in 1975, and the rates in 1976 were 18.18 and 13.64. 4. The most common cause of death was cerebrovascular disease and average cause specific death rate for the disease was 215.5 per 100,000 population. 5. Four leading causes of death were non-infectious origin ; cerevrovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, senility and suicide. Pulmonaty tubeculosis and pneumonia occupied 5th and 9th causes of death. 6. Stomach cancer and hepatoma occupied 61.3% of total death due to malignant neoplasms. 7. Most frequent cause of neonatal death was birth injury. Two deaths due to tetanus were found in 1975, but no death due to this disease was found in 1976. 8. About half of deceased received care from physician before death.
Birth Injuries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cause of Death* ; Family Health ; Female ; Health Planning ; Humans ; Infant ; Live Birth ; Male ; Mortality* ; Nurses, Public Health ; Pneumonia ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Suicide ; Tetanus

The capillary hemangioblastoma, as originally defined by Lindau and by Cushing and Bailey, is widely regarded as being of Vascular origin and relatively uncommon. The most frequent site of this neoplasm is the cerebellum and second frequency is the spinal cord. We experienced a case of capillary hemangioblastoma arising at the upper thoracic spinal cord with the paraplegia and the sensory disturbance below the nipple line. The total laminectomy with mass excision was taken and the patient have shown good improvement of the neurological defecits in postoperative period.
Capillaries ; Cerebellum ; Hemangioblastoma ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Nipples ; Paraplegia ; Postoperative Period ; Spinal Cord

A 33 years old house wife with accessory breast tissue is described and the literature is reviewed. The patient developed soft tumors in both axillae with axillary hair loss during the 8 th month of her 8 th pregnancy. This disorder is rather common in the literature but has been paied little attention dermatology.
Adult ; Axilla ; Breast* ; Dermatology ; Hair ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Spouses

No abstract available.
Child* ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Karyotype*

A 24-year old man presented with intermittent left flank pain for two years. With urograms this case was diagnosed as unilateral hydronephrosis associated with ureteropelvic obstruction. The cause of the ureteropelvic obstruction was proven as fibrous band surgically and pathologically. He underwent resection of the fibrous band and intubated pyelo-ureterostomy, and was discharged on the 14th postoperative day.
Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Colon* ; Rectum*

No abstract available.