An eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) is defined as a mature squamous metaplasia of the eccrine ducts. The clinical and pathological features of an ESS are presented. Syringometaplasia is a rare lesion, mostly occuring in the extremities, and as far as we know, no report on the ESS has been published in Korean literature. We experienced a case of an ESS occured in a 15 year-old male, who had a tender erythematous plaque in the right knee. The histologic examination revealed some scattered nests of metaplastic squamous epithelium in the deep dermis, associated with acute nonspecific panniculitis. The importance of the ESS is that it histologically simulates the well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathologic findings were discussed and a brief review of the literature was made.
Adolescent ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermis ; Epithelium ; Extremities ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Panniculitis

Trichoblastic fibroma is a benign trichogenic tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal components and exhibits partial follicular induction. We studied 4 cases of trichoblastic fibroma and reviewed their clinical and histologic features. Two tumors were present in the face. The remaining two were in the vulva and perianal area, respectively. The age of the patients ranged from 53 to 68 years, with an average age of 62. All were female. Histologically, the lesions showed a well circumscribed mass, located at dermo-subcutaneous junction in three patients and subcutaneous in one. They demonstrated mesenchymal induction evidenced by hair germ-like structure and perifollicular sheath. There was no connection between the tumor and epidermis. Differentiation toward hair structure led to the formation of the infundibulum through inner root sheath. Trichoblastic fibroma may be confused clinically and/or histologically with basal cell carcinoma. Identification of the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components, and the absence of epidermal connection and cleft within the stroma are important in differentiating this benign neoplasm from basal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Epidermis ; Female ; Fibroma* ; Hair ; Humans ; Vulva

The dendriform pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare condition of unknown origin in which branching mature bony spicules, usually containing marrow, are found within the alveolar septa. DPO manifests slow progression over many years or may remain unchanged; spontaneous regression has not been recorded. Most patients have no symptoms directly attributed to the ossification, although they may have symptoms due to the underlying fibrotic process. We experienced a case of DPO in 38 year-old-man who presented with cough and sputum for a month. The chest X-ray showed marked coarsened interstitial lung markings in both lungs, especially in the lower lobes. Open lung biopsy was done. Grossly, there were significant dendriform osseous structures. Histologically, branching arrays of mature bone were found in the interstitium and occasionally in alveolar spaces. Some bony trabeculae contained fatty or cellular marrow. The alveolar septa showed fibrous thickening with chronic inflammation. The transition between fibrosis and bone tissue was observed. Our case suggests that dendriform pulmonary ossification may be a rare special manifestation of chronic fibrosing interstitial inflammation of the lung. Osseous structures seem to derive from metaplastic bone formation in the vicinity of undergoing fibrous process.
Biopsy ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Marrow ; Cough ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Osteogenesis ; Sputum ; Thorax

Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome is an uncommon neurocutaneous disorder characterized by nevus sebaceus, seizures, and mental retardation, and is often accompanied by ocular anormalies. We recently experienced a case of conjunctival choristoma associated with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome in a 17-month-old boy. The child was the product of a full-term uncomplicated pregnancy and normal delivery with normal karyotype of 46, XY. He was noted at birth to have a conjunctival mass on the right eye and linear nevi over the midline facial region and right temporoparietal scalp. Ophthalmologic examination revealed optic atrophy, peripapillary staphyloma, macular hypogenesis, and osseous choristoma of the choroid. A computed tomography scan demonstrated widening of the subarachnoid space and moderate atrophy of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. He has been followed by ophthalmology and completely free of seizures since birth. The patient underwent excision of the conjunctival mass and biopsies of the skin lesion at 17 months of age. Histologic examination of the skin biopsies was characteristic for the linear sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn. Histologic findings of the conjunctival lesion showed a complex choristoma that contained lacrimal gland tissue and cartilage.
Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Cartilage ; Child ; Choristoma* ; Choroid ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Male ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Atrophy ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Space

Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are loops of DNA which occur in the nucleoli of cells which possess ribosomal RNA genes. The numbers and areas of NORs have been thought to be related to cellular activities. We aimed to investigate the direct relationship between the parameters of AgNORs and cellular proliferative activity using immunohistochemical method with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which demonstrates proliferating nuclei. The sequential technique for the simultaneous Ki-67 immunostaining and NOR staining was applied to the same slides of a series of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of the low, intermediate, and high grade type. The number of AgNOR per cell was counted and mean NOR percentage nuclear area (NPNA) was measured by morphometry in both the Ki-67 positive and Ki-67 negative nuclei. The increased immunoreactivity for Ki-67 was found in the high grade than in the low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This was reflected in the two areas of the palatine tonsils and lymph nodes, the positive cell counts being higher in the follicle center nuclei than in those in the interfollicular compartment. In general the numbers and NPNA of AgNORs were higher in the Ki-67 positive nuclei than in those lacking the antigen in malignant lymphomas as well as in control. The AgNORs numbers and NPNA in controls were the highest in the Ki-67 positive cells in the follicular area and the lowest in the Ki-67 negative cells in the perifollicular area. In malignant lymphomas the numbers and NPNA of AgNORs tended to increase in proportion to their grade in both the Ki-67 positive and negative cells. The numbers of AgNORs of the high grade and the NPNA of the intermediate and the high grade were significantly higher in Ki-67 positive cells than in Ki-67 negative ones. With this double staining method it was now possible to confirm that numbers and NPNA of AgNORs were directly related to the cellular proliferative activity. In maligant lymphoma, among the several parameters of the AgNORs, NPNA in Ki-67 positive cells is proposed to be the most useful marker in determining the prognosis of the patient.
Cell Count ; DNA ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Palatine Tonsil ; Prognosis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, TIMPs) play essential roles in the remodelling of the extracellular matrix. The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is altered in neoplasia, contributing to the invasive and metastatic properties of malignant tumors. Although MMP and TIMP are believed to play an important role in invasion and metastasis in malignant solid tumors, little is known about their involvement in malignant lymphoma. Immunohistochemical stains for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were performed using 56 paraffin blocks of the malignant lymphoma and the results were analyzed by using the tumor grade by Working Formulation. The expression of MMP-9 was noted in 45.5% of low grade, 86.1% of intermediate grade, and 100% of high grade malignant lymphoma. The incidence of MMP-9 expression in tumor cells was positively correlated with the grade of the malignant lymphoma (P<0.025). In nodal lymphomas, the incidence of the MMP-9 expression of the tumor cells was higher in malignant lymphoma with extracapsular invasion than those without extracapsular invasion (P=0.008). The incidence of TIMP-1 expression in the tumor cells and fibroblasts was positively correlated with the grade of the malignant lymphoma (P<0.025). In nodal lymphoma, the incidence of the TIMP-1 expression of the tumor cells was higher in malignant lymphoma with extracapsular invasion than those without extracapsular invasion (P=0.009). The incidences of the MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 expression in malignant lymphoma were neither increased in the malignant lymphoma with extracapsular tumor invasion nor correlated with the grade by working formulation. There was no significant difference in the expression rate of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in nodal- and extra-nodal malignant lymphoma. The above results suggest that the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are positively correlated with the grade and the presence of extranodal tumor invasion in malignant lymphomas.
Coloring Agents ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Incidence ; Lymphoma* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2

We experienced two AB3 and a B3 from a 27-year-old student and his family. B3 subgroup was confirmed by delayed and weak mixed-field agglutination with anti-B serum, adsorption-elution test, serum and saliva hemagglutination inhibition test and family study. We report a family case of AB3 and B3 with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Agglutination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Saliva

We experienced two AB3 and a B3 from a 27-year-old student and his family. B3 subgroup was confirmed by delayed and weak mixed-field agglutination with anti-B serum, adsorption-elution test, serum and saliva hemagglutination inhibition test and family study. We report a family case of AB3 and B3 with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Agglutination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Saliva

BACKGROUND: Cleaning and disinfection of fiberoptic bronchoscope requires careful attention, especially to mycobacterium species because the contamination of mycobacteria could raise confusion on diagnosis. Recently, we detected contamination of Wydex(R) solution used in bronchoscope washer with Mycobacterium chelonae. In this study, we evaluated the mycobactericidal effect of 12 kinds of disinfectants for M. chelonae. METHOD: To evaluate the bactericidal effect of Wydex(R) 2%, Cidex(R) 2.25%, Cidex(R) 3%, Bacteriokiller (BK) disinfectant, Perasafe(R), HICLO-S(R), Lamicine(R), ethanol, Instrusept(R), Virkon(R), Betadine(R), and Vipon(R) against M. chelonae, culture was performed after exposure of two M. chelonae strains (ATCC 35749, the type strain and the strain isolated from contaminated Wydex(R) solution) to each disinfectant solution. The growth of organism was examined for up to 8 weeks. RESULTS: Growth of M. chelonae (reference strain of ATCC 35749 and isolated strain) was observed after a week incubation for Wydex(R) 2%, Cidex(R) (2.25%, 3%) and control. For BK disinfectant and Perasafe(R), they grew after 2-3 weeks, and 3-4 weeks, respectively. For HICLO-S(R) and Lamicine(R), only the contaminated strain grew after two and three weeks, respectively. For ethanol, Virkon(R), Betadine(R), Vipon(R), and Instrusept(R) , growth was not observed from either strain. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, Instrusept(R), virkon(R), ethanol, Betadine(R), and Vipon(R) were effective for the disinfection of M. chelonae. Especially, Instrusept(R) was thought to be useful as a disinfectant for bronchoscopes because it has advantages including non-corrosiveness, chemical stability, and non-irritativeness. And additional washing with ethanol might be effective. The finding that strain isolated from contaminated bronchoscopes was more resistant to disinfectants than reference strain suggested that the more resistant strains are selected throughout the improper disinfection.
Bronchoscopes ; Diagnosis ; Disinfectants* ; Disinfection ; Ethanol ; Mycobacterium chelonae* ; Mycobacterium*

Arteriovenous malformation of the uterus is rarely encountered. It is potentially lethal because of profuse, uncontrollable bleeding at the time of diagnostic dilatation and curettage. To our knowledge, only 38 cases of localized uterine arteriovenous malformation have been reported in English and Korean literature. Recently we experienced a case of uterine arteriovenous malformation in a 28-year-old multiparous woman. Under the clinical impression of uterine tumors or arteriovenous malformation, a total hysterectomy was done. Gross examination demonstrated a vascular nature of the mass in the posterior wall of the fundus. Microscopically, there was an ill-defined mass composed of numerous irregular, anastomosing large vessels with various diameters.
Female ; Humans