A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

Clinical feature and treatment of renal injury during our 6 year experience with 29 patients were presented. The result was as follow: 1. About four times as many men as women sustained this injury and about two thirds (65.5%) of these occurred between the age of 11-40. 2. The most common cause of renal injury was traffic accident and the next were labor accident and kick and blow. 3. Associated injuries were occurred in 5 patients. 4. Renal wounds were classified as contusions (9 patients), mild ruptures (5 patients), moderate ruptures (5 patients), severe ruptures (6 patients) and lacerations (4 patients). 5.Conserative management was for most of the contusion and rupture, and nephrectomy for laceration as the principals. Operations were performed in 11 patients; nephrectomy in 9 patients, repair of renal capsule in 1 and exploration alone in 1.
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture ; Wounds and Injuries

Clinical observation was made on 18 cases of total cystectomy who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School from November 1966 to August 1976. The results were as follows: 1. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 67 years, most common in sixth decade. Male patients were more common than female ones. 2. The underlying diseases for total cystectomy were bladder tumors in 15 cases, urethral carcinoma in 1, prostatic carcinoma in 1 and prostatic sarcoma in 1. 3. The methods of urinary diversion and remodeling of the urinary tract were ileal conduit in 9 cases, cutaneous ureterostomy in 2, cutaneous transureteroureterostomy in 1, rectal bladder in 3, ureterosigmoidourethrostomy in 2 and ureteroileourethrostomy in 1. 4. Complication was followed immediately as hematoma in cystectomized site, pulmonary edema, severe metabolic acidosis, mechanical ileus, prolonged paralytic ileus, wound disruption, conduit bleeding, stricture of ureteroileal anastomosis site and uncontrolled hiccup and later as incisional hernia, ileal invaginstion and stomal stricture, in 10 cases. 5. There were two operative death (11%) 3 and 4 days postoperatively, respectively.
Acidosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hernia ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sarcoma ; Schools, Medical ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urology ; Wounds and Injuries

This study was aimed to clarify whether urinary calcium stones may be associated with uric acid disorders. Serum uric acid concentrations and 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid were determined in 73 calcium stone formers and in 60 controls. The following results were obtained: 1. The mean values of serum uric acid were 4.59+/-0.84 mg/dl in male controls and 4.07+/-1.21 mg/dl in female controls, 5.36+/-1.34 mg/dl in male stone formers and 4.87+/-1.34 mg/dl in female stone formers. Serum uric acid concentrations of male stone formers were significantly higher than those of male controls. 2. The mean values of 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid were 644.1+/-313.4 mg in male controls and 510.0+/-2256.7 mg in female controls, 808.7+/-411.7 mg in male stone formers and 701.9+/-278.4 mg in female stone formers. The 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid of male stone formers were significantly higher than those of male controls. 3. Hyperuricemia was observed in non of male and female controls, 10.9% of male stone formers and 14.8% of female stone formers. 4. Hyperuricosuria was observed in 22.4% of male controls and 18.2% of female controls, 45.7% of male stone formers and 40.7% of female stone formers. Hyperuricosuria was more frequent in male stone formers. 5. The incidence of patients with hyperuricemia and/or hyperuricosuria was observed in 21.7% of controls and 50.7% of calcium stone formers. The result, that patients with calcium stone disease were hyperuricemic and hyperuricosuric more often than controls suggested that some urinary calcium stones may be associated with uric acid disorders.
Calcium* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Incidence ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Uric Acid*

A clinical observation was made on 47 patients of renal staghorn calculi who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School during the 6 years period from January, 1977 to December 1982. The following results were obtained. 1. There were 24 men and 23 women with a ratio of 1.04:1. The age of three-fourths patients of renal staghorn calculi ranged from 40 to 59 years, with peak age incidence in the fifth decade. 2. Prominent symptomatology was present in 44 patients and 3 patients were asymptomatic. In the symptomatic group flank pain was present in 40 cases, hematuria in 13 and recurrent urinary tract infection in 2. Of the asymptomatic patients 2 had significant bacteriuria and 1 had a nonfunctioning kidney on excretory urogram. 3. The calculus was unilateral in 40 patients (right side in 26 and left side in 14) and bilateral in 7. 4. The majority of the patients with renal staghorn calculi showed abnormal urine; finding and relatively well preserved renal function on excretory' urogram. 5. Preoperative urine cultures yielded l0s colonies per ml. organisms in 15 of the 31 patients (48.4%): Escherichia coli in 4, Proteus & Pseudomonas in 3 respectively, Staphylococcus & Enterobacter in 2 respectively and Klebsiella in 1. 6. A total of 47 operations was done in 47 patients. Of the 47 operations 4 were nephrectomies. Stones were removed in 43 patients (43 kidneys). Of the 43 kidneys extended pyelolithotomy was done for 22, pyelonephrolithotomy for 14, anatrophic nephrolithotomy for 4 and nephrolithotomy for 3. 7. A nephrostomy extended into the upper ureter was located in 18 patients (41.9%), There was no difference in duration of nephrostomy tube inlaying between extended pyelolithotomy and pyelonephrolithotomy. 8. Postoperative complications included remnant stone in 14patients(32.6%), hematuria in 11, pyelonephritis in 5 and urinary leakage from nephrostomy site more than 2 weeks in 3. 9. A chemical stone analysis, available in 36 patients, revealed apatite in 20, struvite in 12 and calcium oxalate in 4. A combination of struvite with apatite was present in 8 and of apatite with calcium oxalate in 7 of these 36 cases.
Bacteriuria ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi* ; Enterobacter ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney* ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pyelonephritis ; Schools, Medical ; Staphylococcus ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

A new serum marker of prostatic cancer, prostate specific antigen(PSA), has shown promising results in clinical trials. The concentration of PSA in serum was measured using a Tandem-Re radioimmunometric assay and prostate acid phosphatase(PAP), the reference serum marker, was measured using a enzymatic assay, in 149 patients including 23 patients with prostatic cancer, 94 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), and 32 controls free of prostate disorders. The following results were obtained. 1. In normal control group, the mean(+/-SD) PSA value was 1.21+/-0.96ng/ml(range, 0.1 to 3.7), and the mean PAP value was 0.29+/-0.13ng/ml(range, 0.1 to 0.5). 2. The mean PSA levels were 63.07ng/ml and 6.27ng/ml in patients with prostatic cancer and BPH, respectively(p<0.01). 3. PSA was increased in 39.4 percent and PAP in 4.3 percent of patients with BPH. 4. The levels of PSA were elevated in 6.4 percent of the patients with stage A, 64.68 percent with stage C and 73.29 percent with stage D prostatic carcinoma whereas those of PAP were elevated in 30.4 percent of the patients above stage C. 5. The sensitivity and specificity for PSA were 91.3 percent and 60.6 percent, respectively. We conclude that PSA is more sensitive than PAP in the detection of prostatic cancer and will probably be more useful serum marker in monitoring therapy for prostatic carcinoma.
Biomarkers ; Enzyme Assays ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Diseases* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity

One hundred thirty-seven urinary calculi were analyzed by means of X-ray, diffraction, ultraviolet spectroscopy and chemical method. 1. The most frequently found constituent in these 137 calculi was calcium oxalate that was found in 101 calculi (76.0% of the series). Of these 104 calculi pure calcium oxalate was identified in 41, of which 14 (10.2%) were composed of pure monohydrate and 27(19.7%) were mixtures of monohydrate and dihydrate. The dihydrates were only found to be mixed with monohydrates and the two hydrates could be identified only by X-ray diffraction but not by chemical method. 2. Identification of phosphate by X-ray diffraction was difficult because of its low peak intensity, while chemical method was proved to be more sensitive and accurate for phosphate. Calcium phosphate was found not in the pure state but in the: mixed form with calcium oxalate in 39 calculi (28.5%). 3. Pure uric acid constituent was very rare, being oily found in 2 calculi (1.5%). But there were 41 calculi (29.9%) mixed with a minute amount of uric acid, of which 28 (68.3%) were associated with calcium oxalate monohydrate. Only one calculus of uric acid, which did not appear to be crystallized, was detected by ultraviolet spectroscopy. 4. There were 23 calculi (16.8%) of magnesium ammonium phosphate, of which 13 (56.5%) were mixed with calcium phosphate and only 3 (13. 0%) were found to be in the pure state. 5. Xanthine was found as a minor constituent in t calculi, all coexistent with uric acid. There was no calculus of cystine detected. 6. X-ray diffraction method bad the advantages of providing a permanent record and a semiquantitative result and of identifying minute components. However it was unsatisfactory for detecting phosphate constituent.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Cystine ; Magnesium ; Spectrum Analysis ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Xanthine

A clinical observation was made on patients of congenital adrenogenital syndrome who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School during the period from January 1972 to June 1984. The following results were obtained : 1. Cases of adrenogenital syndrome were 6 of 3,170 total urologic in-patients giving ratio of 0.2%. The ratio of female to male is 5: 1. 2. Presenting symptoms were enlarged clitoris or penis and abundant pubic hair in all cases, acne and deep voice in 4 cases, amenorrhea in 3 cases. 3. Blood pressure and serum level of sodium and potassium were within normal limit in all cases. 4. Urinary 17 ketosteroid was elevated in all cases. On dexamethasone suppression test the amount of urinary 17 ketosteroid dropped to a value below two-thirds of the pretest level in all cases 5. Vaginoplasty and clitoroplasty were performed at the same time in 5 of 6 cases. All cases were to be given dexamethasone for life time. 6. Menstruation and breast development occurred two months after initiation of dexamethasone therapy in 3 cases.
Acne Vulgaris ; Adrenogenital Syndrome* ; Amenorrhea ; Blood Pressure ; Breast ; Clitoris ; Dexamethasone ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Menstruation ; Penis ; Potassium ; Schools, Medical ; Sodium ; Urology ; Voice

During 5 months from April to August, 1990, 114 patients with urinary stone were treated without anesthesia by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with the Wolf Piezolith 2300 lithotriptor. Of these 114 patients, 95 comprising 98 renal units with stones followed more than 1 month after ESWL, were evaluated. The results were obtained as follows ; l. The average patient age was 44 years, with a range of 19 to 65 years. The sex ratio was similar, All cases were treated on the out-patient basis. 2. The locations of stones were kidney in 61 cases ( 62.2%) including 8 cases of staghorn calculi and ureter in 37 cases (37.8%). 3. The average sessions of treatment were 2.6 and average treatment time was 31 minutes. 4. Pain from ESWL was tolerable for almost all patients in whom ESWL were performed without anesthetics or analgesics. Only 2 of 95 patients required analgesics. 5.Complete fragmentation (into particles less than 2mm in size) was achieved in 94.9% of the cases, with 75.5% being completely free of stone at 1 month. 6.The auxiliary measurements such as hydration with diuresis, ureteral stenting were needed in 11.2% of cases. Hydration with diuresis was induced in 7 cases for the localization of the ureteral stone. 7. The post-ESWL complications were mild and controlled with conservative management. We conclude that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy with Wolf Piezolith 2300 lithotriptor was considered to be effective and safe procedure for the treatment of urinary stones.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Calculi ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy* ; Outpatients ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Stents ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Wolves*

A clinical survey was made on 72 cases of traumatic urethral injury and stricture in the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Hospital, during the period from January 1975 to December 1979. The results were as follows` 1. The total number of in-patients during the period was estimated to 1. 195 and of which traumatic urethral injury and stricture were 72 cases of the 155 genitourinary injuries. 2. Patients ranged in age 3 year-old to 59 year-old, and there were 69 males and 3 females or a male to female ratio being 23:1. 3. The most common cause of the urethral injury was falling accident (48.6%) and next traffic accident, kicking in decreasing order. 4. Frequent involved site of urethral injury was bulbous urethra (45.8%). 5. Delayed transperineal end-to-end anastomosis was less complicated than immediate urethral realignment with interlockine sounds.
Accidents, Traffic ; Child, Preschool ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture ; Urology