A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

Clinical feature and treatment of renal injury during our 6 year experience with 29 patients were presented. The result was as follow: 1. About four times as many men as women sustained this injury and about two thirds (65.5%) of these occurred between the age of 11-40. 2. The most common cause of renal injury was traffic accident and the next were labor accident and kick and blow. 3. Associated injuries were occurred in 5 patients. 4. Renal wounds were classified as contusions (9 patients), mild ruptures (5 patients), moderate ruptures (5 patients), severe ruptures (6 patients) and lacerations (4 patients). 5.Conserative management was for most of the contusion and rupture, and nephrectomy for laceration as the principals. Operations were performed in 11 patients; nephrectomy in 9 patients, repair of renal capsule in 1 and exploration alone in 1.
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture ; Wounds and Injuries

Clinical observation was made on 18 cases of total cystectomy who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School from November 1966 to August 1976. The results were as follows: 1. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 67 years, most common in sixth decade. Male patients were more common than female ones. 2. The underlying diseases for total cystectomy were bladder tumors in 15 cases, urethral carcinoma in 1, prostatic carcinoma in 1 and prostatic sarcoma in 1. 3. The methods of urinary diversion and remodeling of the urinary tract were ileal conduit in 9 cases, cutaneous ureterostomy in 2, cutaneous transureteroureterostomy in 1, rectal bladder in 3, ureterosigmoidourethrostomy in 2 and ureteroileourethrostomy in 1. 4. Complication was followed immediately as hematoma in cystectomized site, pulmonary edema, severe metabolic acidosis, mechanical ileus, prolonged paralytic ileus, wound disruption, conduit bleeding, stricture of ureteroileal anastomosis site and uncontrolled hiccup and later as incisional hernia, ileal invaginstion and stomal stricture, in 10 cases. 5. There were two operative death (11%) 3 and 4 days postoperatively, respectively.
Acidosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hernia ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sarcoma ; Schools, Medical ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urology ; Wounds and Injuries

Renal cell carcinoma in children is extremely rare as compared with Wilms` tumor. A case of renal cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old boy is presented with a brief review of literature.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Child ; Humans ; Male

Effects of several autonomic drugs on the responses of the isolated rabbit detrusor muscle strips to electrical stimulation were investigated. Electric stimulation of the detrusor muscle strips elicited two different responses; (a) contraction followed by relaxation in 14 cases out of 22 experiments, and (b) contraction only in 8 cases. The contraction responses to electrical stimulation were significantly reduced in the presence of either atropine or regitine, respectively The relaxation response to electrical stimulation was abolished in the presence of propranolol. Addition of norepinephrine evoked one of following three responses: (a) relaxation in 10 cases out of 19 experiments, (b) contraction in 6 cases, and (c) contraction followed by relaxation in 4 cases. The relaxation response to norepinephrine was reversed. in the presence of propranolol, to a contraction response which was then abolished after administration of regitine. The contraction response to norepinephrine was reversed, in the presence of regitine, to a relaxation response which was then abolished after administration of propranolol. Acetylcholine elicited contraction of the isolated detrusor muscle strip, and this was abolished in the presence of atropine These results suggest that the rabbit detrusor muscle is innervated by both cholinergic and adrenergic fibers and that the detrusor muscle contains cholinergic receptors as well as adrenergic a-and b-ones. Contrary to the popular opinion that the detrusor muscle predominantly contains adrenergic b-receptors, it seems likely that the adrenergic receptors differ in predominancy of either a or b which elicits contraction or relaxation, respectively, according to different areas of the muscle.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Fibers ; Atropine ; Autonomic Agents* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Norepinephrine ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; Relaxation

Transrectal ultrasonography was done in 14 healthy men and 52 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia to demonstrate the pathomorphology of the prostate and to determine the preoperative prostatic size. We found that the transrectal ultrasonographic examination allowed for an accurate estimation of the prostatic size. The following results were obtained. 1. The average values of anterioposterior, transverse and longitudinal diameter were 2.45+/-0.49 cm. 4.12+/-0.69 cm and 3.39+/-0.42 cm in control group and 3.37+/-1.06 cm. 5.07+/-0.71 cm and 4.46+/-0.84 cm in BPH. 2. The average weight of the prostate was 20.07+/-5.15 gm in control group and 47.02+/-25.81 gm in BPH. 3. In patients treated with transurethral resection of the prostate the mean estimated weight was 36.0 gm while the mean actual resection weight was 11.4 gm The difference between these 2 values was 24.6 gm. 4. In patients treated with open prostatectomy the mean estimated weight was 78.8 gm, while the mean actual resection weight was 48.7gm. The difference between these 2 values was 30.1 gm.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Ultrasonography*

A clinical observation was made on 127 patients with bladder tumor, admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School Hospital during the period from January, 1979 to December, 1984. The following results were obtained: 1. There were 127 patients with bladder tumor, being 5.4 percent of a total of 2,360 in-patients during the period. 2. Of the patients with bladder tumor, 106 were males and 21 females with a ratio of 5 to 1 Ages were ranged from 6 months to 84 years with a mean age of 51.9 years and 81.1 percent of the patients being over 50 years of age. 3. The most common symptom was gross hematuria in 94.5 percent of the patients and frequency in 15.7 percent painful urination in 12.6 percent and dysuria in 10.2 percent were observed in order. Seventy four percent of the patients came with 1 year of their first trouble and only 3.1 percent delayed more than 5 years. 4. Of 124 patient, 40 (32.3 percent) had tumors in the posterior wall of the bladder and 83 (66.9 percent) had single tumor when first seen. 5. Of 114 patients on which an IVP was performed, 78 (68.4 percent) revealed normal upper urinary tracts and 85 (74.6 percent) showed filling defects in the bladder. 6. The most common of the associated diseases were hypertension in 11 cases and benign prostatic hyperplasia in 10. Concurrent transitional cell carcinoma in the renal pelvis and/or ureter or urethra were found in 11 patients (8.7 percent) of 127 patients with bladder tumor. Different malignancies developed in other organs except the bladder were associated in 10 patients (7.9 percent) of 127 patients with bladder tumor all their lives. 7. Pathologic examination of specimens from 111 cases revealed transitional cell carcinoma in 102 (91.9 percent). Classified according to the grade and stage, the most common was grade II found in 49 cases (44.2 percent) and stage A observed in 49 cases (44.2 percent). 8. A total of 155 operations, including 39 subsequent operations for recurrences was performed on 116 patients. They were 55 TUR, 36 open resection, 43 partial cystectomy, 20 total cystectomy with ileal conduit and 1 suprapubic cystostomy. 9. There were 47 recurrences in 35 (41.7 percent) of 84 patients initially operated and followed up. Of these recurrences, 24 (51.1 percent) occurred within 1 year of followup. Tumor recurrences were observed in 31 (81.6 percent) of 38 patients treated by surgery only, but in 16 (32.0%) of 50 patients treated by surgery plus intravesical chemotherapy.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Cystostomy ; Drug Therapy ; Dysuria ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Recurrence ; Schools, Medical ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urination ; Urology

Nineteen patients of carcinoma of the prostate admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School, between 1977 and 1981 were reviewed linically. The following results were obtained. 1. The average age of the patients was 68.6 years, with a range of 25 to 85 years. 2. The average duration from onset of the symptoms to admission was 8 months, with a range of 8 days to 4 years. The presenting symptoms were of prostatic obstruction in 17 cages (89.5%), gross hematuria in 3 cases (15.8%) and bone pain in 3 cases (15.8%). 3. Serum acid phosphatase level was elevated in 7 of 19 patients, 5 of whom had distant metastasis. Serum alkaline phosphatase level was elevated in 5 of 19 patients, 2 of whom had osteoblastic bony metastasis. 4. Biopsy of the prostate was performed by transrectal needle biopsy in 8 cases, transperineal needle biopsy in 2 cases and transurethral resection in 3 cages. All cases were revealed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In 6 cases adenocarcinoma of the prostate was found within the hyperplastic benign prostatic lobes. 5. Orchiectomy was done in 5 cases and endocrine therapy was done in 13 cases. 6. Follow-up studies were performed clinically in 11 cages ranging in duration from 4 months to 42 months. During this period 3 patients died in 10 months, 11 months and 24 months after operation, respectively.
Acid Phosphatase ; Adenocarcinoma ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orchiectomy ; Osteoblasts ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Schools, Medical ; Urology

Since the behavior of malignant cells can be predicted by their histologic appearance, various attempts have been made to develop a uniform grading system for prostatic cancer. The system employed at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital(MDAH system) is based simply on assessment of percentage of gland formation in the tumor. Herein, using the modified MDAH system, histologic grading and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed in 35 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma managed at Chonnam University Hospital between l997 and 1984. The following results were obtained. 1. The average age of all the patients was 70.1 years, with a range of 25 to 85 years. 2. In 35 patients, the modified MDAH system identified 6 patients (l7%) as Grade 1, 15(43%) as Grade 2-3, and 14 (40%) as Grade 4. There were a 83% 3-year survival for Grade 1 patients, a 69% 3-year survival for Grade 2-3 patients, and a 17% 3-year survival for Grade 4 patients. 3. Of 15 patients with clinical stage D, 2 had Grade 1, 6 had Grade 2-3, and 7 had Grade 4.There were a 100 % 3-year survival for Grade 1 patients, a 50% 3-year survival for Grade 2-3patients, and a 14% 3-year survival for Grade 4 patients.
Adenocarcinoma ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Prognosis* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Texas

A clinical observation was made on 72 cases of urinary tract tuberculosis who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea, during the 6 year period from January 1, 1976 through December 31, 1981. The results were as follows: 1. During the period, there were 72 cases of urinary tract tuberculosis, 4.0% of total 1.809 patients who were hospitalized during the period. There was a tendency of significantly decreasing annual incidence of urinary tract tuberculosis. 2. Among these 72 patients, 51 (71%) belonged to the age group of 20 to 49. 3. Bilateral upper urinary tracts were affected in 17 cases, while only right urinary tract was involved in 32 cases and left one in 23 cases. 4. The initial subjective complaints were mostly of vesical irritability, such as frequency (52.8%), hematuria (29.2%) and painful urination (27.8%). 5. There were 19 patients (26.3%) who consulted 6 months through 1 year after onset of symptoms. 6. Past history or present active lesions of tuberculous diseases were noted elsewhere in 40 patients (55.6%), of which 18 had pulmonary tuberculosis. 7 Urinalysis revealed proteinuria in 77.8% of all cases, hematuria in 62.5%, pyuria in 52.8% and AFB stain was positive in 47.2%. 8. On excretory urogram, nonvisualization of the kidney was found in 29 cases (40.3%) and delayed visualization in 20 cases (27.8%), while abnormal ureteral findings were noted in 18 cases (25.0%). 9. Of 60 operated cases, 44 cases were managed with nephroureterectomy, 8 cases with nephroureterectomy and reconstructive surgery and 5 cases with nephroureterectomy and contralateral urinary diversion, but 3 cases with diversion only.
Gwangju ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Korea ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Schools, Medical ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract* ; Urination ; Urology