A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

Clinical observation was made on 18 cases of total cystectomy who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School from November 1966 to August 1976. The results were as follows: 1. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 67 years, most common in sixth decade. Male patients were more common than female ones. 2. The underlying diseases for total cystectomy were bladder tumors in 15 cases, urethral carcinoma in 1, prostatic carcinoma in 1 and prostatic sarcoma in 1. 3. The methods of urinary diversion and remodeling of the urinary tract were ileal conduit in 9 cases, cutaneous ureterostomy in 2, cutaneous transureteroureterostomy in 1, rectal bladder in 3, ureterosigmoidourethrostomy in 2 and ureteroileourethrostomy in 1. 4. Complication was followed immediately as hematoma in cystectomized site, pulmonary edema, severe metabolic acidosis, mechanical ileus, prolonged paralytic ileus, wound disruption, conduit bleeding, stricture of ureteroileal anastomosis site and uncontrolled hiccup and later as incisional hernia, ileal invaginstion and stomal stricture, in 10 cases. 5. There were two operative death (11%) 3 and 4 days postoperatively, respectively.
Acidosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hernia ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sarcoma ; Schools, Medical ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urology ; Wounds and Injuries

Clinical feature and treatment of renal injury during our 6 year experience with 29 patients were presented. The result was as follow: 1. About four times as many men as women sustained this injury and about two thirds (65.5%) of these occurred between the age of 11-40. 2. The most common cause of renal injury was traffic accident and the next were labor accident and kick and blow. 3. Associated injuries were occurred in 5 patients. 4. Renal wounds were classified as contusions (9 patients), mild ruptures (5 patients), moderate ruptures (5 patients), severe ruptures (6 patients) and lacerations (4 patients). 5.Conserative management was for most of the contusion and rupture, and nephrectomy for laceration as the principals. Operations were performed in 11 patients; nephrectomy in 9 patients, repair of renal capsule in 1 and exploration alone in 1.
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture ; Wounds and Injuries

A clinical observation was made on patients of congenital adrenogenital syndrome who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School during the period from January 1972 to June 1984. The following results were obtained : 1. Cases of adrenogenital syndrome were 6 of 3,170 total urologic in-patients giving ratio of 0.2%. The ratio of female to male is 5: 1. 2. Presenting symptoms were enlarged clitoris or penis and abundant pubic hair in all cases, acne and deep voice in 4 cases, amenorrhea in 3 cases. 3. Blood pressure and serum level of sodium and potassium were within normal limit in all cases. 4. Urinary 17 ketosteroid was elevated in all cases. On dexamethasone suppression test the amount of urinary 17 ketosteroid dropped to a value below two-thirds of the pretest level in all cases 5. Vaginoplasty and clitoroplasty were performed at the same time in 5 of 6 cases. All cases were to be given dexamethasone for life time. 6. Menstruation and breast development occurred two months after initiation of dexamethasone therapy in 3 cases.
Acne Vulgaris ; Adrenogenital Syndrome* ; Amenorrhea ; Blood Pressure ; Breast ; Clitoris ; Dexamethasone ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Menstruation ; Penis ; Potassium ; Schools, Medical ; Sodium ; Urology ; Voice

During 5 months from April to August, 1990, 114 patients with urinary stone were treated without anesthesia by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with the Wolf Piezolith 2300 lithotriptor. Of these 114 patients, 95 comprising 98 renal units with stones followed more than 1 month after ESWL, were evaluated. The results were obtained as follows ; l. The average patient age was 44 years, with a range of 19 to 65 years. The sex ratio was similar, All cases were treated on the out-patient basis. 2. The locations of stones were kidney in 61 cases ( 62.2%) including 8 cases of staghorn calculi and ureter in 37 cases (37.8%). 3. The average sessions of treatment were 2.6 and average treatment time was 31 minutes. 4. Pain from ESWL was tolerable for almost all patients in whom ESWL were performed without anesthetics or analgesics. Only 2 of 95 patients required analgesics. 5.Complete fragmentation (into particles less than 2mm in size) was achieved in 94.9% of the cases, with 75.5% being completely free of stone at 1 month. 6.The auxiliary measurements such as hydration with diuresis, ureteral stenting were needed in 11.2% of cases. Hydration with diuresis was induced in 7 cases for the localization of the ureteral stone. 7. The post-ESWL complications were mild and controlled with conservative management. We conclude that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy with Wolf Piezolith 2300 lithotriptor was considered to be effective and safe procedure for the treatment of urinary stones.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Calculi ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy* ; Outpatients ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Stents ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Wolves*

A clinical survey was made on 72 cases of traumatic urethral injury and stricture in the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Hospital, during the period from January 1975 to December 1979. The results were as follows` 1. The total number of in-patients during the period was estimated to 1. 195 and of which traumatic urethral injury and stricture were 72 cases of the 155 genitourinary injuries. 2. Patients ranged in age 3 year-old to 59 year-old, and there were 69 males and 3 females or a male to female ratio being 23:1. 3. The most common cause of the urethral injury was falling accident (48.6%) and next traffic accident, kicking in decreasing order. 4. Frequent involved site of urethral injury was bulbous urethra (45.8%). 5. Delayed transperineal end-to-end anastomosis was less complicated than immediate urethral realignment with interlockine sounds.
Accidents, Traffic ; Child, Preschool ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture ; Urology

Effects of several autonomic drugs on the responses of the isolated rabbit detrusor muscle strips to electrical stimulation were investigated. Electric stimulation of the detrusor muscle strips elicited two different responses; (a) contraction followed by relaxation in 14 cases out of 22 experiments, and (b) contraction only in 8 cases. The contraction responses to electrical stimulation were significantly reduced in the presence of either atropine or regitine, respectively The relaxation response to electrical stimulation was abolished in the presence of propranolol. Addition of norepinephrine evoked one of following three responses: (a) relaxation in 10 cases out of 19 experiments, (b) contraction in 6 cases, and (c) contraction followed by relaxation in 4 cases. The relaxation response to norepinephrine was reversed. in the presence of propranolol, to a contraction response which was then abolished after administration of regitine. The contraction response to norepinephrine was reversed, in the presence of regitine, to a relaxation response which was then abolished after administration of propranolol. Acetylcholine elicited contraction of the isolated detrusor muscle strip, and this was abolished in the presence of atropine These results suggest that the rabbit detrusor muscle is innervated by both cholinergic and adrenergic fibers and that the detrusor muscle contains cholinergic receptors as well as adrenergic a-and b-ones. Contrary to the popular opinion that the detrusor muscle predominantly contains adrenergic b-receptors, it seems likely that the adrenergic receptors differ in predominancy of either a or b which elicits contraction or relaxation, respectively, according to different areas of the muscle.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Fibers ; Atropine ; Autonomic Agents* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Norepinephrine ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; Relaxation

A clinical study was made on 126 cases of ureterolithiasis during the 5 years period from January, 1976 to December, 1980. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of the patients with ureterolithiasis was 8.8% of the total inpatients. 2. There were 92 men and 34 women, a ratio of 2.7:1. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 72 years. showing the highest incidence in 21 to 50 years (74.6%). 3. The most frequent location of the ureteral calculi when first seen was the lower third of the ureter in 53.7% of the patients. The ureteral calculi were approximately equally frequent on the left and right sides and bilateral ureteral calculi were found in 4.8%. 4. The most common size of the ureteral calculi was 0.7-1.0 cm in the longitudinal diameter in 43 cases (34.1%). 5. The clinical symptoms of ureterolithiasis were flank pain in 94.4%, hematuria in 14.3%, referred pain in 9.5%, nausea and vomiting in 7.9%, frequency in 7.1% and fever with chillness in 7.1%. 6. Microscopic hematuria was found in 68.9%, pyuria in 27.1% and crystalluria in 15.6%. 7. Increased levels of BUN, creatinine, calcium and uric acid in serum were found in 18.4%, 8.3%, 1.2% and 10.3%, respectively. And leukocytosis was found in 25.5%. 8. Excretory urogram revealed mild hydronephrosis in 28.7%, moderate hydronephrosis in 21.8%, marked hydronephrosis in 10.3%. non-visualization in 11.5%, delayed visualization in 13.8% and nephrogram only in 6.9%. 9. Definite past history of urinary calculi was found in 14 cases (11.1%) and average duration of recurrence was 5.5 years. 10. Treatment consisted of surgical intervention in 71.4%, expectant therapy in 17.6%, instrumental manipulation in 2.4% and spontaneous passage in 8.7%. 11. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases (6.7%), i.e., a remnant stone with ureterocutaneous urinary leakage in 2 cases, wound infection in 2 cases, ureterocutaneous urinary leakage in 1 case. unimproved uremia in 1 case. 12. The chemical analysis of 42 ureteral calculi showed the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in 10 cases (23.8%), calcium oxalate in 7 cases (16.7%),calcium phosphate in 6 cases (14.3%), the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate in 6 cases (14.3%), the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and uric acid in 3 cases (7.1 %). The major components of ureteral calculi were calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate.
Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Creatinine ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Leukocytosis ; Magnesium ; Male ; Nausea ; Pain, Referred ; Postoperative Complications ; Pyuria ; Recurrence ; Uremia ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureterolithiasis* ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis ; Vomiting ; Wound Infection

A clinical observation was made on 127 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital during the period from January 1970 to August 1979. The results are summarized as follows: 1. There was an increasing tendency of annual distribution from 5 patients in 1970 to 32 patients in 1978. 2. Most of the patients were in the 7th and 8th decades of life (89%) with a mean age of 71.4 years old. 3. Seventy four patients (58.3%) suffered from acute urinary retention prior to admission. 4. Pyuria was revealed in 32 cases (25.2%), hematuria it 84 cases (66.1%), and azotemia in 4O cases (31.5%). 5. Associated conditions present were cardiovascular in 26 cases, respiratory in 21 cases, urologic in 15 cases, and miscellaneous in 6 cases. The most common associated conditions were hypertension in 20 cases and pulmonary tuberculosis in 15 cases. 6. Management was done with retropubic combined prostatectomy (RCP) in 12 cases, TURP in 33 cases. suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy (STP) in 23 cases, cystomy in 7 cases, and indwelling catheterization in 24 cases. 7. Prostatectomy was not performed in 31 cases because of patient refusal (14 cases) and associated conditions (17 cases) 8. The mean operating time was 87.5 minutes for RCP, 92.2 minutes for STP and 52.7 minutes for TURP. 9. The mean weight of the removed tissue was 48gm for open prostatectomy and 6.8gm for TURP. 10. The mean volume of transfused blood was 267ml for RCP, 591ml for STP and l45ml for TURP. 11. The mean period of postoperation was lO.6days for RCP, 11.7 days for STP and 4.6 days for TURP 12. The mean period of postoperative hospitalization was 13.4 days for RCP, 14.5 days for STP and 7.8 days for STP 7.8 days for TURP. 13. RCP postoperative complications were delayed healing with suprapubic urine leakage in 5 cases rebleeding in 2 cases, and acute epididymitis in 2 cases. STP postoperative complications were death due to hemorrhagic shock in 1 case, delayed healing with urine leakage in 2 cases, rebleeding in 3 cases, and prolonged gross hematuria more than 2 weeks in 2 cases. TURP postoperative complications were inability to void after removal of the urethral catheter in 1 case. prolonged gross hematuria more than two weeks in 1 case, and rebleeding in 3 cases.
Azotemia ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Disulfiram ; Epididymitis ; Hematuria ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyuria ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Retention ; Urology

A clinical observation was made on 127 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital during the period from January 1970 to August 1979. The results are summarized as follows: 1. There was an increasing tendency of annual distribution from 5 patients in 1970 to 32 patients in 1978. 2. Most of the patients were in the 7th and 8th decades of life (89%) with a mean age of 71.4 years old. 3. Seventy four patients (58.3%) suffered from acute urinary retention prior to admission. 4. Pyuria was revealed in 32 cases (25.2%), hematuria it 84 cases (66.1%), and azotemia in 4O cases (31.5%). 5. Associated conditions present were cardiovascular in 26 cases, respiratory in 21 cases, urologic in 15 cases, and miscellaneous in 6 cases. The most common associated conditions were hypertension in 20 cases and pulmonary tuberculosis in 15 cases. 6. Management was done with retropubic combined prostatectomy (RCP) in 12 cases, TURP in 33 cases. suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy (STP) in 23 cases, cystomy in 7 cases, and indwelling catheterization in 24 cases. 7. Prostatectomy was not performed in 31 cases because of patient refusal (14 cases) and associated conditions (17 cases) 8. The mean operating time was 87.5 minutes for RCP, 92.2 minutes for STP and 52.7 minutes for TURP. 9. The mean weight of the removed tissue was 48gm for open prostatectomy and 6.8gm for TURP. 10. The mean volume of transfused blood was 267ml for RCP, 591ml for STP and l45ml for TURP. 11. The mean period of postoperation was lO.6days for RCP, 11.7 days for STP and 4.6 days for TURP 12. The mean period of postoperative hospitalization was 13.4 days for RCP, 14.5 days for STP and 7.8 days for STP 7.8 days for TURP. 13. RCP postoperative complications were delayed healing with suprapubic urine leakage in 5 cases rebleeding in 2 cases, and acute epididymitis in 2 cases. STP postoperative complications were death due to hemorrhagic shock in 1 case, delayed healing with urine leakage in 2 cases, rebleeding in 3 cases, and prolonged gross hematuria more than 2 weeks in 2 cases. TURP postoperative complications were inability to void after removal of the urethral catheter in 1 case. prolonged gross hematuria more than two weeks in 1 case, and rebleeding in 3 cases.
Azotemia ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Disulfiram ; Epididymitis ; Hematuria ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyuria ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Retention ; Urology