A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

Clinical observation was made on 18 cases of total cystectomy who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School from November 1966 to August 1976. The results were as follows: 1. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 67 years, most common in sixth decade. Male patients were more common than female ones. 2. The underlying diseases for total cystectomy were bladder tumors in 15 cases, urethral carcinoma in 1, prostatic carcinoma in 1 and prostatic sarcoma in 1. 3. The methods of urinary diversion and remodeling of the urinary tract were ileal conduit in 9 cases, cutaneous ureterostomy in 2, cutaneous transureteroureterostomy in 1, rectal bladder in 3, ureterosigmoidourethrostomy in 2 and ureteroileourethrostomy in 1. 4. Complication was followed immediately as hematoma in cystectomized site, pulmonary edema, severe metabolic acidosis, mechanical ileus, prolonged paralytic ileus, wound disruption, conduit bleeding, stricture of ureteroileal anastomosis site and uncontrolled hiccup and later as incisional hernia, ileal invaginstion and stomal stricture, in 10 cases. 5. There were two operative death (11%) 3 and 4 days postoperatively, respectively.
Acidosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hernia ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sarcoma ; Schools, Medical ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urology ; Wounds and Injuries

Clinical feature and treatment of renal injury during our 6 year experience with 29 patients were presented. The result was as follow: 1. About four times as many men as women sustained this injury and about two thirds (65.5%) of these occurred between the age of 11-40. 2. The most common cause of renal injury was traffic accident and the next were labor accident and kick and blow. 3. Associated injuries were occurred in 5 patients. 4. Renal wounds were classified as contusions (9 patients), mild ruptures (5 patients), moderate ruptures (5 patients), severe ruptures (6 patients) and lacerations (4 patients). 5.Conserative management was for most of the contusion and rupture, and nephrectomy for laceration as the principals. Operations were performed in 11 patients; nephrectomy in 9 patients, repair of renal capsule in 1 and exploration alone in 1.
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture ; Wounds and Injuries

The exact analysis of urinary stones is very important to the study of the etiology of stone formation, prevention of recurrence and medical treatment. We Have analyzed 260 urinary stones obtained form 260 patients by X-ray diffraction method and studied the relationships of stone compositions to stone sites, patient age, sex and stone weight. The following results were obtained : 1. In this study 7 crystalline compositions of urinary stones were observed : Calcium oxalate monohydrate, Calcium oxalate dihydrate, Magnesium ammonium phosphate, Calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, Uric acid and cystine. 2. Single composition stones were slightly more in number than mixed composition stones. Of 260 stones, 192(74%) were mainly composed of calcium oxalate, 38(14.4%) of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 19(7.3%) of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, 10(3.9%) of uric acid and 1(0.4%) of cystine. 3. Calcium oxalate stones was the most common of all the urinary stones and that comprised 80.7%(96) of all renal stones, 93.5%(86) of all ureteral stones, 46.2%(18) of all bladder stones and 100%(9) of all urethral stones. 4. Of 181 patients, ranged 30 to 59 years old who comprised 70% of all patients, 149(82.3 % of 181 patients) had calcium oxalate stones. 5. The ratio of the occurrence of magnesium ammonium phosphate to all renal or bladder stones from females was higher than that from males. 6 Of 27 stones weighed more than 10gm, 14(52%) were mainly composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, and 10(37%) of calcium oxalate.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Crystallins ; Cystine ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Ureter ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi* ; X-Ray Diffraction

Pheochromocytoma is one of the surgically curable hypertensive syndrome and may arise wherever chromaffin cells are located. A case of a left large adrenal pheochromocytoma developed in a 49 year old male is presented with brief review of literatures.
Chromaffin Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pheochromocytoma*

A new serum marker of prostatic cancer, prostate specific antigen(PSA), has shown promising results in clinical trials. The concentration of PSA in serum was measured using a Tandem-Re radioimmunometric assay and prostate acid phosphatase(PAP), the reference serum marker, was measured using a enzymatic assay, in 149 patients including 23 patients with prostatic cancer, 94 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), and 32 controls free of prostate disorders. The following results were obtained. 1. In normal control group, the mean(+/-SD) PSA value was 1.21+/-0.96ng/ml(range, 0.1 to 3.7), and the mean PAP value was 0.29+/-0.13ng/ml(range, 0.1 to 0.5). 2. The mean PSA levels were 63.07ng/ml and 6.27ng/ml in patients with prostatic cancer and BPH, respectively(p<0.01). 3. PSA was increased in 39.4 percent and PAP in 4.3 percent of patients with BPH. 4. The levels of PSA were elevated in 6.4 percent of the patients with stage A, 64.68 percent with stage C and 73.29 percent with stage D prostatic carcinoma whereas those of PAP were elevated in 30.4 percent of the patients above stage C. 5. The sensitivity and specificity for PSA were 91.3 percent and 60.6 percent, respectively. We conclude that PSA is more sensitive than PAP in the detection of prostatic cancer and will probably be more useful serum marker in monitoring therapy for prostatic carcinoma.
Biomarkers ; Enzyme Assays ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Diseases* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This study was aimed to clarify whether urinary calcium stones may be associated with uric acid disorders. Serum uric acid concentrations and 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid were determined in 73 calcium stone formers and in 60 controls. The following results were obtained: 1. The mean values of serum uric acid were 4.59+/-0.84 mg/dl in male controls and 4.07+/-1.21 mg/dl in female controls, 5.36+/-1.34 mg/dl in male stone formers and 4.87+/-1.34 mg/dl in female stone formers. Serum uric acid concentrations of male stone formers were significantly higher than those of male controls. 2. The mean values of 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid were 644.1+/-313.4 mg in male controls and 510.0+/-2256.7 mg in female controls, 808.7+/-411.7 mg in male stone formers and 701.9+/-278.4 mg in female stone formers. The 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid of male stone formers were significantly higher than those of male controls. 3. Hyperuricemia was observed in non of male and female controls, 10.9% of male stone formers and 14.8% of female stone formers. 4. Hyperuricosuria was observed in 22.4% of male controls and 18.2% of female controls, 45.7% of male stone formers and 40.7% of female stone formers. Hyperuricosuria was more frequent in male stone formers. 5. The incidence of patients with hyperuricemia and/or hyperuricosuria was observed in 21.7% of controls and 50.7% of calcium stone formers. The result, that patients with calcium stone disease were hyperuricemic and hyperuricosuric more often than controls suggested that some urinary calcium stones may be associated with uric acid disorders.
Calcium* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Incidence ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Uric Acid*

A clinical observation was made on 47 patients of renal staghorn calculi who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School during the 6 years period from January, 1977 to December 1982. The following results were obtained. 1. There were 24 men and 23 women with a ratio of 1.04:1. The age of three-fourths patients of renal staghorn calculi ranged from 40 to 59 years, with peak age incidence in the fifth decade. 2. Prominent symptomatology was present in 44 patients and 3 patients were asymptomatic. In the symptomatic group flank pain was present in 40 cases, hematuria in 13 and recurrent urinary tract infection in 2. Of the asymptomatic patients 2 had significant bacteriuria and 1 had a nonfunctioning kidney on excretory urogram. 3. The calculus was unilateral in 40 patients (right side in 26 and left side in 14) and bilateral in 7. 4. The majority of the patients with renal staghorn calculi showed abnormal urine; finding and relatively well preserved renal function on excretory' urogram. 5. Preoperative urine cultures yielded l0s colonies per ml. organisms in 15 of the 31 patients (48.4%): Escherichia coli in 4, Proteus & Pseudomonas in 3 respectively, Staphylococcus & Enterobacter in 2 respectively and Klebsiella in 1. 6. A total of 47 operations was done in 47 patients. Of the 47 operations 4 were nephrectomies. Stones were removed in 43 patients (43 kidneys). Of the 43 kidneys extended pyelolithotomy was done for 22, pyelonephrolithotomy for 14, anatrophic nephrolithotomy for 4 and nephrolithotomy for 3. 7. A nephrostomy extended into the upper ureter was located in 18 patients (41.9%), There was no difference in duration of nephrostomy tube inlaying between extended pyelolithotomy and pyelonephrolithotomy. 8. Postoperative complications included remnant stone in 14patients(32.6%), hematuria in 11, pyelonephritis in 5 and urinary leakage from nephrostomy site more than 2 weeks in 3. 9. A chemical stone analysis, available in 36 patients, revealed apatite in 20, struvite in 12 and calcium oxalate in 4. A combination of struvite with apatite was present in 8 and of apatite with calcium oxalate in 7 of these 36 cases.
Bacteriuria ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi* ; Enterobacter ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney* ; Klebsiella ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pyelonephritis ; Schools, Medical ; Staphylococcus ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

Renal cell carcinoma in children is extremely rare as compared with Wilms` tumor. A case of renal cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old boy is presented with a brief review of literature.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Child ; Humans ; Male

Penile amputation is an unusual injury. There are several reports in the literature describing successful primary reanastomosis. We have an experience of a case of completely amputated penis that was reimplanted with the techniques of microvascular anastomosis of the dorsal arteries. The result was satisfactory for both urinary and sexual function. Herein we report this case with the review of the literatures.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Penis* ; Replantation*