A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

Clinical observation was made on 18 cases of total cystectomy who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School from November 1966 to August 1976. The results were as follows: 1. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 67 years, most common in sixth decade. Male patients were more common than female ones. 2. The underlying diseases for total cystectomy were bladder tumors in 15 cases, urethral carcinoma in 1, prostatic carcinoma in 1 and prostatic sarcoma in 1. 3. The methods of urinary diversion and remodeling of the urinary tract were ileal conduit in 9 cases, cutaneous ureterostomy in 2, cutaneous transureteroureterostomy in 1, rectal bladder in 3, ureterosigmoidourethrostomy in 2 and ureteroileourethrostomy in 1. 4. Complication was followed immediately as hematoma in cystectomized site, pulmonary edema, severe metabolic acidosis, mechanical ileus, prolonged paralytic ileus, wound disruption, conduit bleeding, stricture of ureteroileal anastomosis site and uncontrolled hiccup and later as incisional hernia, ileal invaginstion and stomal stricture, in 10 cases. 5. There were two operative death (11%) 3 and 4 days postoperatively, respectively.
Acidosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hernia ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sarcoma ; Schools, Medical ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urology ; Wounds and Injuries

Clinical feature and treatment of renal injury during our 6 year experience with 29 patients were presented. The result was as follow: 1. About four times as many men as women sustained this injury and about two thirds (65.5%) of these occurred between the age of 11-40. 2. The most common cause of renal injury was traffic accident and the next were labor accident and kick and blow. 3. Associated injuries were occurred in 5 patients. 4. Renal wounds were classified as contusions (9 patients), mild ruptures (5 patients), moderate ruptures (5 patients), severe ruptures (6 patients) and lacerations (4 patients). 5.Conserative management was for most of the contusion and rupture, and nephrectomy for laceration as the principals. Operations were performed in 11 patients; nephrectomy in 9 patients, repair of renal capsule in 1 and exploration alone in 1.
Accidents, Traffic ; Contusions ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture ; Wounds and Injuries

One hundred thirty-seven urinary calculi were analyzed by means of X-ray, diffraction, ultraviolet spectroscopy and chemical method. 1. The most frequently found constituent in these 137 calculi was calcium oxalate that was found in 101 calculi (76.0% of the series). Of these 104 calculi pure calcium oxalate was identified in 41, of which 14 (10.2%) were composed of pure monohydrate and 27(19.7%) were mixtures of monohydrate and dihydrate. The dihydrates were only found to be mixed with monohydrates and the two hydrates could be identified only by X-ray diffraction but not by chemical method. 2. Identification of phosphate by X-ray diffraction was difficult because of its low peak intensity, while chemical method was proved to be more sensitive and accurate for phosphate. Calcium phosphate was found not in the pure state but in the: mixed form with calcium oxalate in 39 calculi (28.5%). 3. Pure uric acid constituent was very rare, being oily found in 2 calculi (1.5%). But there were 41 calculi (29.9%) mixed with a minute amount of uric acid, of which 28 (68.3%) were associated with calcium oxalate monohydrate. Only one calculus of uric acid, which did not appear to be crystallized, was detected by ultraviolet spectroscopy. 4. There were 23 calculi (16.8%) of magnesium ammonium phosphate, of which 13 (56.5%) were mixed with calcium phosphate and only 3 (13. 0%) were found to be in the pure state. 5. Xanthine was found as a minor constituent in t calculi, all coexistent with uric acid. There was no calculus of cystine detected. 6. X-ray diffraction method bad the advantages of providing a permanent record and a semiquantitative result and of identifying minute components. However it was unsatisfactory for detecting phosphate constituent.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Cystine ; Magnesium ; Spectrum Analysis ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Xanthine

A clinical observation was made on 97 patients of renal calculi who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonam University Medical School during the 5 years period from January, 1976 to December, 1980. The following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of renal calculi in 97 patients was 38.0% of urolithiasis in 255 patients and 6.8% of 1430 inpatients. The was an increasing tendency of incidence of renal calculi with annual increasing number of inpatients. 2) There were 51 male and 46 female, a ratio of 1.1:1. The age of two thirds patients of renal calculi ranged from 31 to 50 years, with peak age incidence in the fifth decade. 3) Definite past history of urinary calculi was found in 23 cases (23.7%). 4) The clinical symptoms on admission were flank pain in 92.8%, hematuria in 15.4%, frequency in 5.1% and suprapubic pain in 4.1%. 5) Urinalysis revealed hematuria in 77.3%, proteinuria in 54.1%, pyuria in 42.3%, bacteriuria in 28.9% crystalluria in 9.3% and normal in 8.2% 6) There were 42 renal units of right renal stone and 39 renal units of left renal stone with a ratio of 1.1:1. Unilateral renal calculi were found in 81 patients (83.5%). 7) Treatment consisted of pyelolithotomy in 51 patients (52.6%), pyelonephrolithotomy in 11 patients (11.3%), nephrectomy in 4 patients (4.1%) and nephrolithotomy in 3 patients (3.1%) in order. 8) The incidence of stone ranged from 1.1 to 4.0 gm in weight was 50.6%. The mean weight of removed renal calculi was 25.8 gm in nephrectomy, 19.0 gm in pyelonephrolithotomy, 5.7 gm in nephrolithotomy and 4.9 gm in pyelolithotomy. 9) A nephrostomy tube extended into the upper ureter was located in 30 cases (30.9%) and there was no difference in duration of nephrostomy tube inlaying between pyelolithotomy and pyelonephrolithotomy. 10) Postoperative complications were observed in 22 cases (26.2%) and the most common one was remnant stones in 6 cases (27.4%), of which 5 cases had multiple stones overweighed 10.0 gm. 11) The chemical analysis of 43 renal calculi showed calcium oxalate in 14 cases (32.6%), calcium phosphate in 78 cases (16.3%), the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in 6 cases (14.0%) and the mixed type of calcium oxalate and magnesium phosphate in 5 cases (11.6%). There were 24 single chemical component of stones. As a result, oxalate stone (67.5%) and phosphate stone (55.9%) were prevalent.
Bacteriuria ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Kidney Calculi* ; Magnesium ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Schools, Medical ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis ; Urology

Renal cell carcinoma in children is extremely rare as compared with Wilms` tumor. A case of renal cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old boy is presented with a brief review of literature.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Child ; Humans ; Male

Penile amputation is an unusual injury. There are several reports in the literature describing successful primary reanastomosis. We have an experience of a case of completely amputated penis that was reimplanted with the techniques of microvascular anastomosis of the dorsal arteries. The result was satisfactory for both urinary and sexual function. Herein we report this case with the review of the literatures.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Penis* ; Replantation*

A clinical study was made on 126 cases of ureterolithiasis during the 5 years period from January, 1976 to December, 1980. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of the patients with ureterolithiasis was 8.8% of the total inpatients. 2. There were 92 men and 34 women, a ratio of 2.7:1. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 72 years. showing the highest incidence in 21 to 50 years (74.6%). 3. The most frequent location of the ureteral calculi when first seen was the lower third of the ureter in 53.7% of the patients. The ureteral calculi were approximately equally frequent on the left and right sides and bilateral ureteral calculi were found in 4.8%. 4. The most common size of the ureteral calculi was 0.7-1.0 cm in the longitudinal diameter in 43 cases (34.1%). 5. The clinical symptoms of ureterolithiasis were flank pain in 94.4%, hematuria in 14.3%, referred pain in 9.5%, nausea and vomiting in 7.9%, frequency in 7.1% and fever with chillness in 7.1%. 6. Microscopic hematuria was found in 68.9%, pyuria in 27.1% and crystalluria in 15.6%. 7. Increased levels of BUN, creatinine, calcium and uric acid in serum were found in 18.4%, 8.3%, 1.2% and 10.3%, respectively. And leukocytosis was found in 25.5%. 8. Excretory urogram revealed mild hydronephrosis in 28.7%, moderate hydronephrosis in 21.8%, marked hydronephrosis in 10.3%. non-visualization in 11.5%, delayed visualization in 13.8% and nephrogram only in 6.9%. 9. Definite past history of urinary calculi was found in 14 cases (11.1%) and average duration of recurrence was 5.5 years. 10. Treatment consisted of surgical intervention in 71.4%, expectant therapy in 17.6%, instrumental manipulation in 2.4% and spontaneous passage in 8.7%. 11. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 cases (6.7%), i.e., a remnant stone with ureterocutaneous urinary leakage in 2 cases, wound infection in 2 cases, ureterocutaneous urinary leakage in 1 case. unimproved uremia in 1 case. 12. The chemical analysis of 42 ureteral calculi showed the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in 10 cases (23.8%), calcium oxalate in 7 cases (16.7%),calcium phosphate in 6 cases (14.3%), the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate in 6 cases (14.3%), the mixed type of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and uric acid in 3 cases (7.1 %). The major components of ureteral calculi were calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate.
Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Creatinine ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Leukocytosis ; Magnesium ; Male ; Nausea ; Pain, Referred ; Postoperative Complications ; Pyuria ; Recurrence ; Uremia ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureterolithiasis* ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis ; Vomiting ; Wound Infection

A clinical observation was made on 34 patients with renal tumor who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Hospital during the period from Jan. 1977 to Dec. 1982. The following results were obtained: 1. During the period, the renal tumor was 1.6 percent of total urological in-patients and 7.5 percent of total genitourinary tract tumors. The mean age of patients with renal cell carcinoma was 49 years. Wilms' tumor 4 years, and transitional cell carcinoma 41 years. The male sex was favored by a ratio of 2.1 to 1 in the renal tumors. 2. The pathological classification of 34 patients with renal tumors revealed renal cell carcinoma in 16 cases (47.1%), Wilms' tumor in 9 cases (26.5%) and transitional cell carcinoma in 9 cases (26.5%). 3. The most common symptoms and signs were hematuria in 21 cases (61.7%), palpable mass in 18 cases (52.9%) and flank pain in 14 cases (46.2%) The classical triad of symptoms and signs including hematuria, flank pain and palpable mass was presented in only 5 cases (14.%). 4. Distant metastasis was found in 6 patients, of whom 3 had lung metastasis, 2 liver metastasis and 1 vertebral metastasis. 5. Treatment of renal tumors consisted of surgery and adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. In 16 cases with renal cell carcinoma, 5 simple nephrectomies, 8 radical nephrectomies and 3 explorations with biopsy were done. Postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy were performed in 2 cases. In 9 cases with Wilms' tumors, 3 simple nephrectomies, 5 radical nephrectomies and 1 exploration with biopsy were done. Postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy were performed in 6 cases. In 9 cases with transitional cell carcinoma, 5 nephroureterectomies, 2 nephroureterectomies with partial cystectomy and 2 nephroureterectomies with total cystectomy and ileal conduit were done. Postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy were performed in 1 cases. 6. The mean weight of resected kidneys with renal tumors was about 594 gm. The mean weight of resected kidneys with renal cell carcinoma was about 594 gm, that with transitional cell carcinoma 354 gm, and that with Wilms' tumor 440 gm. 7. The 1-year survival rate of the patients with malignant renal tumors was 71.4 percent. The 1-year survival rate of the patients with renal cell carcinoma was 63.6 percent, that with transitional cell carcinoma 83.3 percent, and that with Wilms' tumor 75 percent.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification ; Cystectomy ; Drug Therapy ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Diversion ; Urology ; Wilms Tumor

A clinical observation was made on 34 patients with renal tumor who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Hospital during the period from Jan. 1977 to Dec. 1982. The following results were obtained: 1. During the period, the renal tumor was 1.6 percent of total urological in-patients and 7.5 percent of total genitourinary tract tumors. The mean age of patients with renal cell carcinoma was 49 years. Wilms' tumor 4 years, and transitional cell carcinoma 41 years. The male sex was favored by a ratio of 2.1 to 1 in the renal tumors. 2. The pathological classification of 34 patients with renal tumors revealed renal cell carcinoma in 16 cases (47.1%), Wilms' tumor in 9 cases (26.5%) and transitional cell carcinoma in 9 cases (26.5%). 3. The most common symptoms and signs were hematuria in 21 cases (61.7%), palpable mass in 18 cases (52.9%) and flank pain in 14 cases (46.2%) The classical triad of symptoms and signs including hematuria, flank pain and palpable mass was presented in only 5 cases (14.%). 4. Distant metastasis was found in 6 patients, of whom 3 had lung metastasis, 2 liver metastasis and 1 vertebral metastasis. 5. Treatment of renal tumors consisted of surgery and adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. In 16 cases with renal cell carcinoma, 5 simple nephrectomies, 8 radical nephrectomies and 3 explorations with biopsy were done. Postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy were performed in 2 cases. In 9 cases with Wilms' tumors, 3 simple nephrectomies, 5 radical nephrectomies and 1 exploration with biopsy were done. Postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy were performed in 6 cases. In 9 cases with transitional cell carcinoma, 5 nephroureterectomies, 2 nephroureterectomies with partial cystectomy and 2 nephroureterectomies with total cystectomy and ileal conduit were done. Postoperative radiation and/or chemotherapy were performed in 1 cases. 6. The mean weight of resected kidneys with renal tumors was about 594 gm. The mean weight of resected kidneys with renal cell carcinoma was about 594 gm, that with transitional cell carcinoma 354 gm, and that with Wilms' tumor 440 gm. 7. The 1-year survival rate of the patients with malignant renal tumors was 71.4 percent. The 1-year survival rate of the patients with renal cell carcinoma was 63.6 percent, that with transitional cell carcinoma 83.3 percent, and that with Wilms' tumor 75 percent.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification ; Cystectomy ; Drug Therapy ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Diversion ; Urology ; Wilms Tumor